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Unit 5 Canada“The True North”推理判断题之隐含意义题(阅读理解)方法指导在阅读理解中,隐含意义题要求在理解表面文字的基础上,做出判断和推论,从而得到文章的隐含意思和深层意思,也就是通过文章中的文字信息、上下文的逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息,推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点。推理判断题不仅要求考生读懂文章中的每个句子的意思,还要求考生推理它们之间的关系,结合自己的生活常识和经验,再通过逻辑推理和判断,理解文章的言外之意,从而揭示文章的深层含义。任何一篇文章都有其特定的写作目的,读者需要知道如何按照某种方式思考问题。推理判断题的答案不可能在文章中直接找到,因此推理时我们要忠于原文,在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据,从中推测出未知部分,切忌妄加评论,把自己的观点当成作者的观点。典例引领 (2017课标全国,D)When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesnt sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals e from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic pounds, VOCs for short.Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked. Its a plants way of crying out. But is anyone listening?Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbors react.Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now bees lunch.In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors. The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.Does this mean that plants talk to each other?Scientists dont know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to“overhear”the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasnt a true, intentional back and forth.Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的)than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. Theres a whole lot going on.1.What does a plant do when it is under attack?A.It makes noises.B.It gets help from other plants.C.It stands quietly.D.It sends out certain chemicals.2.What does the author mean by“the tables are turned”in paragraph 3?A.The attackers get attacked.B.The insects gather under the table.C.The plants get ready to fight back.D.The perfumes attract natural enemies.3.Scientists find from their studies that plants can.A.predict natural disastersB.protect themselves against insectsC.talk to one another intentionallyD.help their neighbors when necessary4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.The world is changing faster than ever.B.People have stronger senses than before.C.The world is more plex than it seems.D.People in Darwins time were more imaginative.方法运用语篇解读本文为说明文。研究发现,当植物受到攻击时,它们不会坐以待毙,而是会释放出某种化学物质。这可能是对其他植物发出的一种预警信号,也可能是自我保护的一种方式。1.D细节理解题。根据第一段枫树的例子可知,当其受到攻击时,受到伤害的部位会释放出被称为VOCs的化学物质,由第二段第一句可知所有的植物受到攻击时都会做出这种反应,故D项正确。植物被攻击时释放出的是化学物质而不是噪音,故排除A;释放出的化学物质是对其他植物的预警,而不是从其他植物那里得到帮助,故排除B;根据第一段首句可排除C项。2.A推理判断题。根据第三段可知,某些植物受到攻击时,会释放出某种香味,将攻击者的天敌吸引过来,由此可知当它们到来时,攻击者将会成为被攻击者,故A项正确。3.B推理判断题。由第四段内容可知,植物可以保护自己免受昆虫伤害。4.C推理判断题。最后一段提到,150多年前,达尔文就曾想到这个世界比我们所看到、听到的更加繁忙,更加吵闹,也更加亲密,我们的感官还不够强大,很多东西都未感知到。由此可推断出,这个世界实际上更加复杂,故C项正确。
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