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静宁一中2017-2018学年度高二级第二学期期末试题（卷）英语满分120分，考试时间100分钟第1部分 阅读理解 （共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。AOxfordAdvancedLearnersDictionaryTheOxfordAdvancedLearnersDictionaryisremendedbyteachersandstudentsbecauseitexplainswordsinlanguagestudentsunderstand,givesusefulexamplesentencesandincludesthetoolslearnersneedtosucceedinEnglish.Thenew9theditionwithOxfordiSpeakerandiWritermakesitthelatestspeakingandwritingtool. Author：MargaretDeuter，JenniferBradberyPrice：$29.95 Paperback: 1900pages AmazonBestsellersRank: 95 inbooksCollinsEnglishDictionaryAtthecuttingedgeoflanguagechange,CollinsEnglishDictionaryoffersyouallthelatestwordsandphrasesyouneedatyourfingertips.Whetherforstudy,atwork,oronthego,youcancheckspellings,lookupmeaningsandwordsyouneed, everyday.Author: HarperCollinsPrice: $25.99 Paperback: 1920pages AmazonBestsellersRank: 227inbooksCambridgeAdvancedLearnersDictionaryItisgreatforadvancedlearnersofEnglishandcontainsalargevocabulary, includingwordsfrom theareasoftechnology, languageandlifestyle, plusimportant2wordsforacademicstudy. Itisperfectasareferencetoolandasastudypanion. Itisalsogreatforexampreparation. Author：CambridgeUniversityPrice：$39.27 Paperback: 1856pages AmazonBestsellersRank: 461 inbooksLongmanHandyLearnersDictionary LongmanistheverybestforstudentslearningEnglishtostudy, liveandworkinNorthAmerica. Thisdictionaryprovideslotsofhandyreferencematerials. Thispopular, pocket-sizedictionary is great forstudentswhoneedquickandeasyreferencetoAmericanwordsandphrases. Author: PearsonEducationPrice: $23.66Paperback: 528pagesAmazonBestsellersRank: 1144inbooks1. What is special about Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary?A. It gives useful example sentences. B. It is cheap and at the same time good.C. It is remended by teachers and students. D. It is equipped with Oxford iSpeaker and iWriter.2Youcanprobablylookupsomenewly-createdwordsin A. OxfordAdvancedLearnersDictionary B. LongmanHandyLearnersDictionaryC. CambridgeAdvancedLearnersDictionary D. CollinsEnglishDictionary3WhatdoweknowaboutLongmanHandyLearnersDictionary? A. Itsthecheapestofthefourdictionaries. B. Itshelpfultoimproveyourpronunciation.C. Itsgreatforstudentstoprepareforexams. D. ItsgoodforBritishEnglishlearners.4Inwhatorderarethedictionarieslisted? A. Thethicknessofthedictionaries. B. Thepricesofthedictionaries.C. TheAmazonranksofthedictionaries. D. Thefunctionsofthedictionaries.B If our kids dont fall, they dont learn to get up. I still remember the day in high school that my mom forgot to pick me up from school. Im the oldest of four children, and no doubt shed had a long day with the other kids and it had slipped her mind. After waiting at school for an hour, I walked the three miles home, and when I got to my house, I shut our front door with anger, stormed into the kitchen and screamed in my moms face that shed forgotten me. Later that night, my dad told me I no longer had a ride to school the next day. I figured my mom would still take me, but when the morning came, she refused. It was midterm, and as a straight A student ready to start college applications, being late wasnt an option. In my mind, missing these tests would have been the end of my academic career. I begged my mom, I told her she was running my future and everything I worked for. But she held her ground, and that day, I walked to school. And I missed my tests. My mom didnt rescue me from failure. She let me suffer from it. She let me figure it out. She let me learn. Now, as a mom myself, Ive realized that I want my kids to experience failure because failure is how we grow, learn and think outside of ourselves. Its how we self-educate to learn whats right and respectable, and whats not. Its how we bee responsible and enthusiastic. Falling down makes us better, because we learn how to get up.5. Why did the author shout at her mother? A. She was tired after walking home. B. She missed some important tests. C. Her mother had ruined her future. D. Her mother didnt pick her up home.6. What does the underlined phrase held her ground in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Gave in to me. B. Said yes to me. C. Stayed in the place. D. Stuck to her decision.7. How does the author feel about her experience now? A. Merciful B. Beneficial C. Disappointed D. Embarrassed8. What is the best title for the text? A. Try to meet your kids demands. B. Offer your kids help if necessary. C. Stop rescuing your kids from failure. D. Be responsible for your kids failure.C Naturally, parents praise their kids. They want to encourage their children every day. But when it es to building self-esteem (自尊) in children, praise doesnt always have a positive effect, according to a special edition of the journal Child Development. The issue, edited by Eddie and Thomas, is focused on research into how children develop a sense of self and building your childs confidence takes different skills than you might think. Eddie points out that children are born without a sense of self, but it doesnt take long before some kids have a lot of confidence and may feel superior to peers, while others may carry more self-doubt and see themselves as inferior. Yet no one really understands what causes children to view themselves the way they do. Surprisingly little is known about the origins of childrens self-concept, Eddie said. Research has found that when kids have a warm, loving relationship with their parents, they develop higher self-esteem. However, when they are given endless praise that is unequal to their achievements, their self-esteem may drop. Instead of lavish praise, parents should focus on warmth to build self-esteem, researchers have foundspecifically, parents should show interest in their kids activities and share joy with them. This makes children feel noticed and valued. According to Eddies own research, children may develop lower self-esteem when their parents give them lots of positive and overstated praises. Too much praise can make children worry about disappointing their parents, and may lead to an unhealthy attitude toward failure. Other studies suggest that parents can teach children that failure is beneficial by encouraging kids to ask themselves, “Why didnt I achieve the result I wanted, and what can I do to change the oute in the future?” Additionally, its important for parents to encourage the belief that kids can develop basic abilities through devotion and hard work. Kids who are praised for their effort instead of their ability are more likely to develop a growth mindset, which have a positive impact on their confidence. 9. What does the special edition of Child Development focus on? A. When is the best time to build a childs self-esteem. B. What effect praise has on a childs self understanding. C. How children develop their sense of self-esteem. D. How blaming and overpraise hurt a childs confidence. 10. How does too much praise hurt childrens self-esteem? A. Theyll be afraid of failing and disappointing their parents. B. Theyll have a false understanding of their ability and fail. C. Theyll bee too proud to get along with other children. D. Theyll focus more on their advantages than their weaknesses. 11. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Childrens effort will help to build their confidence. B. Children should he taught the value of hard work. C. Praising a childs ability will make them happier. D. Some parents doubt if kids can develop their abilities. 12. Which of the following is the passage mainly about? A. Praising a child for any reason helps build his self-esteem. B. How kids develop their sense of self-esteem differently. C. Why some kids have more self-doubt than the others. D. Participation and encouragement build a kids self-esteem. D The Pareto principle, also known as the 80/20 rule, the law of the vital few, states that, for many events, roughly 80% of the effects e from 20% of the causes. Management consultant Joseph M. Juran suggested the principle and named it after Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto, who noted the 80/20 connection while at the University of Lausanne in 1896, as published in his first paper. Essentially, Pareto showed that approximately 80% of the land in Italy was owned by 20% of the population. It is an axiom of business management that “80% of sales e from 20% of clients”. Richard Koch authored the book, The 80/20 Principle, which illustrated some practical applications of the Pareto principle in business management and life. Mathematically, the 80/20 rule is roughly followed by a power law distribution, also known as a Pareto distribution, for a particular set of parameters, and many natural phenomena have been shown empirically to exhibit such a distribution. The Pareto principle is only tangentially related to Pareto efficiency. Pareto developed both concepts in the context of the distribution of ine and wealth among the population. The original observation was in connection with population and wealth. Pareto noticed that 80% of Italys land was owned by 20% of the population. He then carried out surveys on a variety of other countries and found to his surprise that a similar distribution applied. A chart that gave the inequality a very visible and prehensible form, the so-called “champagne glass” effect, was contained in the 1992 United Nations Development Program Report, which showed that distribution of global ine is very uneven, with the richest 20% of the worlds population controlling 82.7% of the worlds ine. In puter science the Pareto principle can be applied to optimization efforts. For example, Microsoft noted that by fixing the top 20% of the most-reported bugs, 80% of the related errors and crashes in a given system would be eliminated. Lowell Arthur expressed that “20 percent of the code has 80 percent of the errors. Find them, fix them!”It was also discovered that in general the 80% of a certain piece of software can be written in 20% of the total allocated time. Conversely, the hardest 20% of the code takes 80% of the time. This factor is usually a part of COO estimating for software coding. In load testing, it is also mon practice to estimate that 80% of the traffic will occur during a particular 20% of the total time period. It has been inferred the Pareto principle applies to athletic training, where roughly 20% of the exercises and habits have 80% of the impact and the trainee should not focus so much on a varied training. This does not necessarily mean that having a healthy diet or going to the gym are not important, but they are not as significant as the key activities. It is also important to note this 80/20 rule has yet to be scientifically tested in controlled studies with regards to athletic training. In baseball, the Pareto principle has been observed in Wins Above Replacement, an attempt to bine multiple statistics to determine a players overall importance to a team.“15% of the all the players last year produced 85% of the total wins with the other 85% of the players creating 15% of the wins. The Pareto Principle holds up pretty soundly when it is applied to baseball.”13. What does the underlined word mean in the first paragraph? A. rule B. legend C. conclusion D. imagination14. Which of the following is TRUE? A. Richard Koch discovered the 80/20 Principle and authored a book named after the Principle. B. Pareto noticed that 80% of worlds land was owned by 20% of the population. C. Fixing the top 20% of the most-reported bugs may not eliminate 80% of the related errors and crashes in a given system. D. Having a healthy diet or going to the gym are not as important as the key activities in athletic training.15. The author wrote this article . A. to introduce those famous scientists who contribute to the 80/20 Principle B. to look back the history of the 80/20 Principle C. to introduce the applications of the 80/20 Principle D. to draw peoples attention to the 20% important things in various areas 第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余答案。 In big cities like Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou the railway stations can look like airports. When you get to the station, first check the big screen for your train number and which waiting room you should go. It can be bit hard to figure out the screen if you cant read Chinese, but dont worry, just ask any worker by showing your ticket to them. 16 I always arrive too early at the railway station. 17 Arrive at least half an hour before the train leaves and wait for your turn at the waiting room. On the screens you can see your train number again and possibly how long until it departs. The screen will also show you when its the time to board the train and an announcement is also made through the loudspeakers in Chinese. If you dont understand Chinese, keep an eye on the screen and ask the workers. Every time its time to board a train (it might be yours or some other trains) massive amount of people will stand up and rush to the gates. 18 Only when the train arrives will they open the gate and let you to the platform. 19 Check the correct car number on your ticket and head to the right door. The train staff will check your ticket before you board so you cant accidentally board the wrong train. 20 The tickets might be checked again when you get off the train or during the journey.A. If you are unsure, always ask the staff.B. I think its better to be early than late.C. They will point you to the right direction.D. Keep your valuables on you bed when you sleep.E. Once you have found your seat, hold tight on your ticket.F. Its pretty much impossible to wander to a wrong platform.G. There is a separate area for watching your hands, face and brushing your teeth. 第二部分语言知识应用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Now the mencement speakers（毕业典礼嘉宾） will typically wish you good luck and extend good wishes to you. I will 21 do that, and Ill tell you 22 . From time to time in the years to e, I hope you will be treated 23 , so that you will e to know the 24 of justice. I hope that you will 25 betrayal because that will teach you the importance of 26 . 27 to say, but I hope you will be lonely from time to time so that you dont take 28 for granted. I wish you bad 29 , again, from time to time 30 you will be conscious of the role of 31 in life and understand that your 32 is not pletely deserved and that the failure of others is not pletely deserved either. And when you 33 , as you will from time to time, I hope every now and then, your sportopponent will gloat （幸灾乐祸）over your failure. It is a way for you to understand the importance of 34 . I hope youll be ignored so you know the importance of listening to others, and I hope you will have just enough 35 to learn sympathy. Whether I 36 these things or not, theyre going to happen. And whether you benefit from them or not will depend upon your 37 to see the message in your 38 . Now mencement speakers are also expected to give some advice. They give grand advice, and they give some 39 tips. The most mon grand advice they give is for you to be yourself. In a certain sense, you should not be yourself. You should try to bee something 40 . People say be yourself because they want you to resist the impulse to conform to what others want you to be. But you cant be yourself if you dont learn who you are, and you cant learn who you are unless you think about it. 21. A. not B. also C. truly D. happily 22. A. how B. what C. why D. before 23. A. nicely B. friendly C. unfairlyD. badly 24. A. aim B. promise C. potentialD. value 25. A. enjoy B. deserve C. suffer D. witness26. A. wealth B. loyalty C. law D. endurance 27. A. Sorry B. Glad C. Strange D. Naturally 28. A. loneliness B. friends C. time D. risk 29. A. temper B. future C. scores D. luck30. A. in case B. so that C. when D. for fear that 31. A. chance B. patience C. diligence D. kindness 32. A. failure B. consciousness C. fate D. success 33. A. laugh B. cry C. win D. lose34. A. brotherhood B. friendship C. sportsmanship D. scholarship 35. A. luck B. time C. opportunities D. pain 36. A. think B. wish C. ignore D. stress 37. A. determination B. contribution C. ability D. appreciation 38. A. lives B. study C. misfortunes D. trials 39. A. meaningless B. useful C. new D. odd40. A. different B. normal C. ordinary D. better第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的词或括号内所给词的正确形式。 Do you know how much your telephone 41 (change)over the past 10 years? Your car will change even more than that 42 the next 10 years. One of the biggest changes is that cars will drive 43 . Some day you may not need to drive a car. You will just tell the car where you want to go and it will drive itself. The American pany Google has been working on 44 self-driving automobile for years. These cars are already on the roads in the United States, mainly in California. Google cars are 54 (true)self-driving. Another American pany, Tesla, 46 (add)an “Autopilot(自动驾驶仪)” feature to its cars last month. Tesla put the feature, a puter software program, in cars 47 were built after September 2014. With the Autopilot turned on, the vehicle drives itself. The car will speed up, slow down, brake and steer by itself. You can take over driving any time by turning the steering wheel or touching a pedal. Some people think there will be fewer accidents with these cars. Insurance costs may be 48 (low) for self-driving cars than other vehicles. In a self-driving car, you would not have to be worried about talking on the phone or 49 (send) a text message. Of course, there are some disadvantages. Self-driving cars may cost a lot more than other cars. Lower priced vehicles may take longer 50 (offer) the feature. Also, lawmakers will need to consider who is responsible when a self-driving car has an accident. 第三部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句最多有两处。每处仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（）,并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写作修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改仅限一词；2. 只允许该10处，多者（从11处开始）不计分。As we all know it, everyone has a dream. I have dreamed of being doctor since I entered the primary school. Nowadays with modern life going rapid, many people suffer from different kinds of disease, both mentally and physically. As a result, doctors are in great need at home or abroad. My dream is to bee a successful doctor, helped to save peoples lives. Although to be a good docto
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