欧洲文化入门(七).ppt

DivisionsevenRomanticism WhatisRomanticism Literature philosophy music art Inthelate18thandearly19thcentury individualvaluesandaspirations Directcontactwithnature Promotethenationalliberation Romanticism literature Theterm romantic originallymeans romancelike resemblingthefancifulcharacterofmedievalromances Origin Bythelate18thcenturyinFranceandGermany literarytastebegantoturnfromclassicalandneoclassicalconventionstoRomanticism twogreatforerunners RousseauGoethe Storm Stress StormandStressMovement狂飙运动 StrongGermanyAgriculturalandeconomicreformsEducationalsystemimprovementTherulerencouragethedevelopmentofartandscience Salon Classicism古典主义 Classicisminthearts refersgenerallytoahighregardforclassicalworks assettingstandardsfortastewhichtheclassicistsseekstofollow Theartofclassicismtypicallyseekstobeformalandrestrained 古典主义要求简洁 洗练 明朗 精确的文风 反对烦琐 枝蔓 含糊 晦涩 崇尚与模仿古希腊罗马经典 英国在17世纪后期形成了古典主义流派 但直到18世纪初期才得到发展 约翰 德莱顿是古典主义的倡导者和实践者 论戏剧体诗 1668 等阐述了古典主义法则 蒲伯的创作使英国古典主义达到高潮 Neo Classicism新古典主义 Thistermreferstotherevivaloftheattitudesandstylesofexpressionofclassicalliterature Itbeginsinthelate17thcenturyandlastinguntilabout1800 Initspurestform Neoclassicismmarkedareturntoorder 整齐 proportion 协调 restraint 克制 logic accuracy anddecorum 得体 RomanticismVSNeo classicism Inamoregeneralsense RomanticismoftenstandsincontrastwithNeo classicism TheleadingRomanticists inEnglandWilliamBlakeWordsworth ColeridgeByron ShelleyandKeatsScottinFranceHugoSandinGermanyHeine Goethe SchillerinRussiaPushkin Ithinkofyou whenIseethesun sshimmerGleamingfromthesea Ithinkofyou whenthemoon sglimmerIsreflectedinthesprings Iseeyou whenonthedistantroadThedustrises Indeepnight whenonthenarrowbridgeThetravelertrembles 我想起你 每当太阳从大海上辉煌照耀 我想起你 每当月亮在泉水中抖动彩笔 我看到你 每当在大路的远方扬起灰尘 每当深夜 浪游者在山间小路哆嗦战栗 ClosenessofBeloved Goethe歌德 Ihearyou whenwithadullroarThewavesurges InthequietgroveIoftengotolistenWhenallissilent Iamwithyou howeverfarawayyoumaybe Youarenexttome Thesunissetting soonthestarswillshineuponme Ifonlyyouwerehere 我听见你 每当大海掀起狂涛发出咆哮 在沉静的林苑中 我常去倾听万籁俱寂 我伴着你 即使你在天涯海角犹如身边 太阳西沉 星星很快将照耀我呵 愿你也在这里 海涅 亨利希 海涅 1797 1856 是19世纪德国伟大的革命民主主义诗人 杰出的散文家和政论家 也是19世纪前期浪漫主义文学和批判现实主义文学范畴在德国的主要代表人物 III RomanticisminEngland 1 1 WilliamBlakeTwoearlycollections SongsofInnocence 1789 SongsofExperience 1794 2 TheLakers WordsworthandColeridgeTheLakers WordsworthandColeridgeLyricalBallads3 GeorgeGordonByronIslesofGreeceDonJuan WilliamBlake 1757 1827 Englishpoet painterHecreatedauniqueformofillustrated有插画的verse Hispoetryisinspiredbymysticism神秘主义andcomplexsymbolism象征主义 Hispoetryisconsideredoneofthemostoriginal原创性的 lyric抒情的 andprophetic预言性的 MajorWorks BlakeexploredissuesofdivineloveinthecollectionSongsofInnocence 1789 天真之歌 whileheconsideredthenatureofevilinSongsofExperience 1794 经验之歌 InnocenceandExperience thetwocontrarystatesofthehumansoul arecontrastedinsuchpoemsas TheLamb and TheTiger TIGER TIGER tiger burningbrightIntheforestsofthenight WhatimmortalhandoreyeCouldframethyfearfulsymmetry InwhatdistantdeepsorskiesBurntthefireofthineeyes Onwhatwingsdareheaspire Whatthehanddareseizethefire AndwhatshoulderandwhatartCouldtwistthesinewsofthyheart Andwhenthyheartbegantobeat Whatdreadhandandwhatdreadfeet Whatthehammer whatthechain Inwhatfurnacewasthybrain Whattheanvil WhatdreadgraspDareitsdeadlyterrorsclasp Whenthestarsthrewdowntheirspears Andwater dheavenwiththeirtears DidHesmileHisworktosee DidHewhomadethelambmakethee Tiger tiger burningbrightIntheforestsofthenight WhatimmortalhandoreyeDareframethyfearfulsymmetry 老虎译 卞之琳 老虎 老虎 火一样辉煌 烧穿了黑夜的森林和草莽 什么样非凡的手和眼睛能塑造你一身惊人的匀称 什么样遥远的海底 天边烧出了做你眼睛的火焰 跨什么翅膀胆敢去凌空 凭什么铁掌抓一把火种 什么样工夫 什么样胳膊 拗得成你五脏六腑的筋络 等到你的心一开始蹦跳 什么样惊心动魄的手脚 什么样铁链 什么样铁锤 什么样熔炉里炼你的脑髓 什么样铁砧 什么样猛劲一下子掐住了骇人的雷霆 到临了 星星扔下了金枪 千万滴眼泪洒遍了穹苍 完工了再看看 他可会笑 不就是造羊的把你也造了 老虎 老虎 火一样辉煌 烧穿了黑夜的森林和草莽 什么样非凡的手和眼睛敢塑造你一身惊人的匀称 TheLakers theLakePoets WilliamWordsworthSamuelTaylorColeridgeRobertSoutheyTheylivedintheLakeDistrict hencegettingthenametheLakers TheprefacetothesecondeditionofLyricalBallads 1800 抒情歌谣集 byWordsworthandColeridgewasthemanifesto宣言ofliteraryromanticism Thetwopoetsaffirmedtheimportanceoffeelingandimaginationtopoeticcreationandrejectedconventionalliteraryformsandsubjects Theory poetryisthespontaneous自发的overflow流溢ofpowerfulfeelingsrecollected回忆intranquillity宁静 IWanderedLonelyasaCloud IwanderedlonelyasacloudThatfloatsonhigho ervalesandhills WhenallatonceIsawacrowd Ahost ofgoldendaffodils 我独游于天际 如一朵流云凌空于谷峰 飘然然悠闲忽然间我看见一群一簇簇金黄色的水仙 Besidethelake beneaththetreesFlutteringanddancinginthebreeze ContinuousasthestarsthatshineAndtwinkleonthemilkyway 看 在树之荫 湖之缘在微风中 她们舞姿翩翩她们似银河星钻 连延不断在银河里闪闪发光 Theystretchedinnever endinglineAlongthemarginofabay TenthousandsawIataglanceTossingtheirheadsinsprightlydance沿着湖湾的水缘线延伸成无穷无尽的一行一瞥去便是一万朵在欢舞之中起伏颠簸 Thewavesbesidethemdanced buttheyOutdidthesparklingwavesinglee Apoetcouldnotbutbegay Insuchajocundcompany 波光里的涟漪也舞弄清影 却怎比得水仙的欢快伴有这等喜悦诗人如何不快 Igazed andgazed butlittlethoughtWhatwealththeshowtomehadbrought Foroften whenonmycouchIlieInvacantorinpensivemood 我 久久凝视 但毫无答复可知这景致给予我多少财富每当我久卧不眠心绪空荡 或忧思难抱 TheyflashuponthatinwardeyeWhichistheblissofsolitude Andthenmyheartwithpleasurefills Anddanceswiththedaffodils 她们便闪现在心田正如寂寥中的光照于是我的心儿满溢着欢畅同这群水仙起舞歌唱 SamuelTaylorColeridge 1772 1834 AchiefpoetinEnglishRomanticism Famousworks LyricalBallads incollaborationwithWordsworth RimeoftheAncientMariner 古舟子咏 KublaKhan 忽必列汗 III RomanticisminEngland 2 4 PercyByssheShelleyOdetotheWestWindPrometheusUnbound5 JohnKeatsOdetoaNightingaleOdeonaGrecianUrn6 WalterScottTheHeartofMid lothianIvanhoe GeorgeGordonByron拜伦 SheWalksinBeauty PercyByssheShelley 1792 1822 oneofthegreatestpoetsoftheEnglishlanguageoneofthemostinfluentialleadersoftheromanticmovement IfWintercomes canSpringbefarbehind Shelleywroteenthusiasticpoemsnotedfortheirlyricismandromanticism Heisnotedforhisradical激进的liberalthoughtandrebellionagainsttherestrictionsofEnglishpoliticsandreligion Hediedinasailingaccidentin1822shortlybeforehis30thbirthday Majorworks PrometheusUnbound 1820 aversedramaHisfamecomesespeciallyfromhislyrics抒情诗 includingthefamiliarshortodes ToaSkylark 1820 云雀颂 OdetotheWestWind 1819 西风颂 TheCloud 1820 JohnKeats 1795 1821 AchieffigureinEnglishRomanticism Heisknownforhismelodious曲调优美的 richverse andisconsideredoneofthegreatestEnglishpoets Majorworks Famousodes OdetoaNightingale 1820 夜莺颂 OdetoaGrecianUrn 1820 希腊古瓮颂 OdeonMelancholy 忧郁颂 ToAutumn 秋颂 WalterScott 1771 1832 ScottishnovelistandpoetHisworkasatranslator editor biographer andcritic togetherwithhisnovelsandpoems madehimoneofthemostprominentfiguresinEnglishromanticism HisdeathmarkedtheendofRomanticisminBritain Hisnovelsinfluencedmanylaterwriters andheestablishedanewformofnovel thehistoricalnovel Majorworks Ivanhoe 1820 RomanticisminFrance VictorHugo 1802 1885 Frenchpoet novelist andplaywrighttheachieffigureofromanticmovementinFrance MajorWorks TheHunchbackofNotreDame 1831 巴黎圣母院 LesMis rables 1862 悲惨世界 L hommeQuiRit TheManWhoLaughs 1869 笑面人 RomanticisminRussia Pushkin 1799 1837 thegreatestRussianandthefounderofmodernRussianliteratureoneofthefirstimportantliteraryfiguresinRussiaAchieffigureinRussianromanticismAforerunnerofRussianrealism Pushkinwrotepoetry shortstories novels andplays HisworksestablishedtheRussianliterarytradition Hislyricpoetry saidtobedelightfultotheRussianearbutuntranslatable andhissimple vividprosewereinvaluablemodelsforthewriterswhofollowedhim Majorworks Hismostfamousworksinclude thedramaBorisGodunov 1825 鲍里斯 戈都诺夫 theepicpoemEugeneOnegin 1823 1831 叶甫盖尼 奥涅金 TheCaptain sDaughter 1836 上尉的女儿 TheQueenofSpades 黑桃皇后 TheTaleoftheFishermanandtheFish Ifbylifeyouweredeceived Ifbylifeyouweredeceived Don tbedismal don tbewild Inthedayofgrief bemildMerrydayswillcome believe Heartislivingintomorrow Presentisdejectedhere Inamoment passessorrow Thatwhichpasseswillbedear 假如生活欺骗了你 年 假如生活欺骗了你 不要忧郁 也不要愤慨 不顺心时暂且克制自己 相信吧 快乐之日就会到来 我们的心儿憧憬着未来 现今总是令人悲哀 一切都是暂时的 转瞬既逝 而那逝去的将变为可爱 VI ArtandArchitecture 1 1 PaintingsGoyaSpanishcourtpainterandetcher 蚀刻家 BestknownforhisportraitsofroyaltyandnobilityMajorworks TheParasol TheExecutionoftheThirdofMay VI ArtandArchitecture 2 1 PaintingsDavidDavidFrenchPainterMajorworks TheDeathofSocrates TheDeathofMarat VI ArtandArchitecture 3 1 PaintingsDelacroixDelacroix代表着法国浪漫主义绘画的最高成就Majorworks TheMassacreatChios VI ArtandArchitecture 5 2 Architecture TheHousesofParliamentinLandonTheBrandenburgGateinBerlinOperaHouseinParis TheHousesofParliamentinLandon TheBrandenburgGateinBerlin OperaHouseinParis VII Music 1 TheEarlyRomanticsBeethoven 贝多芬 GermanComposermarkedthebeginningof19thcenturyprogrammemusicSchubert 舒伯特 AustriancomposerChopin 肖邦 PolishcomposerSchumann 舒曼 GermancomposerMendelssohn 门德尔松 Germancomposer VII Music 2 TheLaterRomantics Middleof19thCenturyBerlioz 伯辽兹 FrenchcomposerLiszt 里斯特 HungariancomposerWagner 瓦格纳 GermancomposerBrahms 伯拉姆斯 GermancomposerTchaikovsky 柴科夫斯基 Russiancomposer