2019-2020年牛津译林版高中英语必修五Unit 2《The environment》语法.doc

2019-2020年牛津译林版高中英语必修五Unit 2The environment语法动词的-ing形式： 动词的ing形式是非谓语动词中的一种，它由动词原形加-ing 形成。有的动词-ing形式在句中起名词作用，有的则起形容词或副词作用。所以在句中，动词的-ing形式可以担当除了谓语以外的任何成分，即：主语、表语、宾语（介词宾语和动词宾语）、定语、状语和宾语补足语（宾补）。动词-ing形式仍具有动词的若干特点，所以它又可以有自己的宾语和状语等。一般式：动词原形+-ing 所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生e.g. I found him lying on the ground. 完成式：having+动词的过去分词 所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前e.g. Do you remember having promised me that? 被动式：being+动词的过去分词或having been +动词的过去分词，表示该词的逻辑主语是动作的承受者e.g. I cant stand being treated like that. 否定式：在动词的-ing形式前加not 或 nevere.g. I apologize for not having kept my promise.1. 作表语，相当于形容词。1) The film is moving and interesting.这部电影感人又有趣。2) The news sounds encouraging.这个消息听起来激动人心。（起形容词作用的动词的 ing 形式含有“令人”的意思。如：amusing, astonishing, boring, exciting, inspiring, missing, promising, puzzling, surprising, tiring, embarrassing, disappointing, worrying, frightening, moving）pleasing, etc.）2. 作定语exciting news激动人心的消息a tiring day 累人的一天1) The man running over there is our chairman. =The man who is running over there is our chairman.这个跑过来的人是我们的主席。2) The road joining the two villages is very wide. =The road that joins the two villages is very wide.连接两个村子的路非常的宽。3) They lived in a room facing the north thirty years ago. =They live in a room which faced the north thirty years ago.三十年前，他们住在一个朝北的房间里。3. 宾语补足语，经常用在动词feel，hear，leave，keep，listen to，look at，notice，see，watch，etc.后作宾补，表示动作正在进行，状态正在持续。1) When he passed the bank, he saw the thief stealing some money. 当他路过银行的时候，他看到小偷正在偷钱。2) The parents can hear their daughter playing the piano. 这对父母可以听到他们的女儿在弹钢琴。3) He kept me waiting for almost an hour. 他让我等了将近一个小时。4) Dont leave him waiting outside in the rain.别让他在雨里等。4. 作状语： 分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、伴随等等。分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。1) The secretary worked late into the night, preparing a long speech for the president. (伴随状语) 秘书工作到深夜，为主席准备长长的演讲稿。2) They came into the classroom, singing and dancing. (伴随状语) 她们边唱边跳走进教室。3) Hearing the news he jumped. （时间状语） 听到这个消息他跳了起来。4) Having studied the map, I know which way to go.（时间状语） 研究了地图之后，我知道该走哪条路了。5) Not wanting to be late, I took a taxi there. （原因状语） 为了避免迟到，我打车去那儿的。6) Being so angry, he couldnt go to sleep. （原因状语） 他太生气了睡不着。7) Being unemployed, the man hasnt enough money to buy food. 这个男人被解雇了，没有足够的钱买食物。8) The bus was held up by the snowstorm, thus causing the delay. (结果状语) 公交车被困在暴风雪中，耽误了时间。9) His parents died, leaving him alone. (结果状语) 他的父母去世了，留下他一个人。10) Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. (让步) 虽然被告知了很多次，他仍然重复同样的错误。11) While playing the piano, she got very excited.=When she was playing the piano, she got very excited.她弹钢琴的时候变得非常兴奋。12) Be careful when crossing the street.=Be careful when you are crossing the street.过马路的时候要小心。注意：(1) V-ing 所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生1) Hearing the bad news, they couldnt help crying. =On hearing the bad news, they couldnt help crying. 听到这个坏信息，他们忍不住哭了。常用的这类动词有：arrive, close, cook, hear, leave, open, return, see etc.(2) 动词-ing所表示的动作完成之后，谓语动词所表示的动作才发生1) Having turned off the radio, he began to go over his lessons.=After turning off the radio, he began to go over his lessons.他关掉了收音机，开始复习功课。2) Having received his letter, I decided to write back.=After receiving his letter, I decided to write back.收到他的信，我决定回信。(3) 感官动词see, watch observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役动词 have的后面的宾补用现在分词表示主动或正在进行。1) I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. 昨天我路过她教室的时候，听到她在唱一首英语歌。2) Its wrong of you to leave the machine running. 你不该让机器运行。3) The peasants had the tractor working day and night at the harvest time. 在收获季节，农民让拖拉机日夜不停的工作。（4）动词-ing逻辑上的主语是动词-ing所表示动作的对象时，一般要用被动形式1) The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 松鼠很幸运，没有被抓住。 比较：He insisted on being sent to hospital. He insisted on sending her to hospital. 如果一个及物动词作定语 ，既要表达进行意味，又要表达被动意味时，就用动词ing的被动形式2) The question being discussed is very important. 正在讨论的问题非常重要。 3) The skyscraper being built is still higher than that one the year before last. 正在修建的摩天大楼比前年盖的那个还要高。4) Do you know the boy being punished by our teacher? 你认识那个被老师惩罚的男生吗？（5） 动词-ing形式的主动形式代替被动形式的情况 有些动词，如：want, need, require, deserve, worth等后面可以跟动词-ing的主动形式代替被动形式，表达被动意味。 1) The radio wants (needs, requires) repairing. =The radio wants (needs, requires) to be repaired. 2) The babies want (need, require) examining. = The babies want (need, require) to be examined. 3) The book is well worth reading again. 这本书很值得再看一遍。 4) These honest men are worth respecting and depending on. 诚实的人值得被尊敬和依赖。(6)有时动词-ing形式之前加上物主代词或名词的所有格（还可以用宾格）来表示它逻辑上的主语，使它的意思更加完整。1) Marys being late again made her teacher very angry. 玛丽又迟到了，这让她的老师非常生气。2) Do you mind my /me smoking here? 你介意我在这里抽烟吗？(7) 一些特殊用法：a. allow/advise/forbid/permit doing sth. allow/advise/forbid/permit sb. to dob. Generally speaking - 一般来说Frankly speaking, - 坦白地说Judging from - 根据来判断Considering - 考虑到c. forget doing sth. 忘记已经做过某事remember doing sth. 记得曾经做过某事regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事stop doing sth. 停止做一件事try doing sth. 尝试着做某事mean doing sth. 意味着做某事go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事cant help doing sth. 情不自禁地做某事注意比较： forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 remember to do sth. 记住去做某事 regret to do sth. 遗憾去做某事 stop to do sth. 停下来接着做另一件事 try to do sth. 努力做某事 mean to do sth. 意欲/想/企图做某事 go on to do sth.（做完某事）接着做另一件事 cant help to do sth.不能帮助做某事语法练习一、改写句子1. It seems impossible to save money now. =_ _ now seems impossible.2. When he woke up, he found he was lying in bed. =When he woke up, he found _ _ in bed.3. I would rather stay at home than go shopping with Mom. =I _ _at home _ _shopping with Mom.4. As soon as he arrived, my father hugged Albert and tried to give him courage= _ _, my father hugged Albert and tried to give him courage.5. If time permits, Ill attend your wedding ceremony. =_ _, Ill attend your wedding ceremony.二、单项选择1. She insisted _ to Miami for her summer vacation though it would cost much money.A. on taking B. on being takenC. to take D. to be taken2. He sent me an E-mail, _to get further information. A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope3. -Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day? -_enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. A. Get B. getting C. To get D. To be getting4. The headmaster hurried to the concert hall only _ the speaker _. A. t find; left B. finding; leaving C. finding; left D. to find; gone5. As I will be away for at least a year. Id appreciate _from you now and then _me how everyone is getting along. A. hearing; tell B. to hear; tell C. hearing; telling D. to hear; to tell6. _in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited7. The job is _to me because I have little experience. However, it is also_. A. challenging; rewarding B. challenged; rewarded C. challenging; rewarded D. challenged; rewarding8. _fortably in a chair, he was pletely lost in a magazine. A. To sit B. Sat C. Sitting D. having sit9. -Ive never seen anyone run so fast-_David go. A. just watch B. just to watch C. just watching D. just having watched10. _ with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. pare B. When paring C. paring D. When pared11. It is said that the Olympic Games_ in Beijing in xx covered more events than any other Olympics had done.A. holding B. to be held C. held D. to be holding12. In the face of the big fire in October in California, many people in the fire-stricken areas moved out _.A. to escape burning B. to escape being burnedC. escaping burned D. escaping from burning13. The great hall was crowed with many people, _ many children _ on their parents laps.A. including; seated B. including; seating C. included; sat D. included; sitting14. _ for a long time, most of the crops in this area died from lacking water.A. Being no rain B. There was no rainC. To be no rain D. There being no rain 15. Taking this medicine, if _, will of course do good to his health.A. continued B. to continue C. continues D. continuing16. The little boy still needs the _ 20 dollars to do with some things _.A. remaining, remained to be settled B. remaining, remaining to be settledC. remained, remained to settle D. remained, remaining to settle17. _ his age, the little boy read very well.A. Considering B. Considered C. Consider D. Having considered18. His letter, _ to the wrong number, reached me late.A. having been addressed B. to have addressedC. to have been addressed D. being addressed19. There are lots of places of interest _ in our city.A. needs repairing B. needing repairedC. needed repairing D. needing to be repaired20. - What caused the party to be put off?- _ the invitations.A. Tom delayed sending B. Toms delaying sendingC. Tom delaying to send D. Tom delayed to send21. Standing on the top of the hill, I would not to do anything but_ the flowing of the smog around me.A. enjoy B. enjoying C. enjoyed D. to enjoy22. - Is Tom a good talker?- No, he never speaks to me other than _ something.A. ask for B. to ask for C. asked for D. asking for23. I cant get my car _ on cold mornings, so I have to try _ the radiator with some hot water.A. run; to fill B. running; fillingC. running; to fill D. ran; filling24. The drunken husband knocked against the table and sent the bowls _ in all directions before he was sent _ by his wife.A. flying; to sleep B. flying; sleepingC. to fly; to sleeping D. to fly; to sleep25. When we got back from the cinema, we found the lamp _ but the door _.A. being on; shut B. burning; shuttingC. burning; shut D. on; shutting26. We found the students seated at tables and had their eyes_ on the scene of the launch of Shenzhou V spaceship.A. fixed B. fix C. fixing D. to fix27. A doctor can expect _ at any hour of the day or night.A. calling B. to call C. being called D. to be called28. The boy often gives a satisfactory answer to the teachers question, _ just a minute. So hes usually the teachers pet.A. thought B. having thought C. and to think D. thinking29. The policeman came up to the only house with the door _, _ there for a while and then entered it.A. open; to stand B. opening; stoodC. open; stood D. opened; standing30. Mr. Smith was much surprised to find the watch he had had _ was nowhere to be seen.A. repairing B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired答案：一、改写句子1. Saving money 2. himself lying 3. prefer staying; to going 4. upon arrival5. Time permitting二、单项选择15 BBCDC 610 CACAD1115 CBADA 1620 BAADB 2125 ACBAC 2630 ADBCC