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2019-2020年外研版高考英语选修6 Module 2Fantasy Literature（Grammar）word学案学习目标：学习和掌握-ing形式作状语，作介词宾语的用法。方法指导：认真预习，在学案的指导下完成学习任务。学习过程：I. 阅读下列讲解，弄懂-ing的用法。一般来说，-ing形式表示主动、进行；过去分词表示被动、完成。-ing形式作状语，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。doing sth.作时间状语：Seeing my parents waving in the crowd，I went running to them. _(cross) the road, the old man was knocked over by a car.=When he was crossing the road, the old man was knocked over by a car.(When) _the news, he got frightened.= When he heard the news, he got frightened.Having eaten his dinner, the boy rushed out.Hearing their teachers voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.Having received his letter, I decided to write back.doing sth.作原因状语：_（be） a teacher，you should help your students in every way. 作为老师，Being poor, he couldnt afford a TV set. Not knowing her address, I cant write to her._ (live) with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well._ ( eat )too much, he couldnt go to sleep.doing sth.作结果状语：There is mud and water everywhere, making it difficult to travel from place to place.making it difficult to travel from place to place 是结果状语。现在分词作结果状语表示一种必然性（自然结果）。（making 可以改为 which makes，相当于一个前因后果的非限制性定语从句。）He es home late every evening, _(make) his wife very angry. 他每天回来得很晚，这使他的妻子很生气。=He es home late every evening, which _ (make) his wife very angry.=He es home late every evening, and it _ (make) his wife very angry.European football is played in more than80countries, making it one of the most popular games in the world.(NMET1998全国卷)The child slipped and fell, _(hit) his head against the door. Her husband died ten years ago, _ ( leave) her with three children to look after.Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus _(cause ) the delay.She threw the toy on the ground, _(break) it into pieces.The song is sung all over the country, _(make) it the most popular songThe child fell, _ (strike) his head against the door and _ (cut) it.doing sth.作条件状语：Listening to English every day （If you listen to English every day），youll learn it well step by step. _ (use)your head, and youll find a good way. _ (work) hard, youll surely succeed. _(take)the path that leads out of the town, you will e to a lake._ (turn) to the left, you will find the path leading to the park.doing sth.作让步状语：Working so hard, he failed again._(live) miles away, he attended the course. 虽然住在几英里以外，他仍去上课。_(defeat), he remained a popular boxer. 虽然被击败了，他仍是一个受欢迎的拳击手。理解技巧：分词(短语)用作让步状语通常可转换成由从属连词though, although, no matter等引导的让步状语从句，如上面两句也可转换成：Although he lived miles away, he attended the course. Thought he was defeated, he remained a popular boxer.doing sth.作方式状语：He came running back to tell me the news. The children ran out of the room, _(laugh) and _(talk) merrily.They eat _(use) the fingers of their right hands.He earns a living driving a truck. 他靠开卡车谋取生。doing sth. 作伴随状语：Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way.= Four people entered the room and looked around in a curious way. The boy sat in front of the farmhouse, _(cut) the branch. All night long he lay awake, _(think) of the problem.The six blind men stood there _(beg) for a meal.They stood there for half an hour _(watch) the stars in the sky.Dont you sit there _( do) nothing. 别什么也不干坐在那里。He came in, _(follow) by his wife. 他走了进来，后面跟着他的妻子。（过去分词短语也可以作伴随状语）理解技巧： 理解“伴随状语”的关键是要理解“伴随”二字。分词(短语)用作伴随状语时，它表示的动作伴随句子谓语动作同时发生，即句子谓语所表示的动作为主要动作，分词短语所表示的动作伴随性的次要动作。 英语中V-ing形式作伴随状语时,它表示的是一个次要的动作,来对谓语表示的动作加以说明或作为陪衬。一般将其置于句后,可用逗号与主句成分分开。例如: Dont sit there doing nothing. e and help me with this table.不要坐在那里什么也不做;过来帮我收拾餐桌II关于on doing 作状语常见问题：on prep.一就，后接v.-ing或表示动作的名词。On seeing her，the king immediately falls in love with her. 一看见她，国王就爱上了她。On hearing the news，she burst into tears. 一听到这个消息，她就大声地哭了起来。On his return，he began to get down to his work. 他一回来，就开始工作了起来。On/upon his arrival at the airport，he was arrested by the police.他一到机场就被警察抓住了。1. As soon as she saw it, the woman said she did not like it. =Seeing it, the woman said she did not like it. 2. As soon as he opens the gate from the outside, he es into the garden and waits until the gate shuts. =On opening the gate from the outside, he es into the garden and waits until the gate shuts. 3. The moment you leave this tent, you will get surprise. =On leaving this tent, you will get surprise. 4. The vicar has been asked to have the tree cut down. He has refused so far. =Having been asked to have the tree cut down, the vicar has refused so far. 5. The tree was planted near the Church 50 years ago. It has gained an evil reputation only recent years. =Planted near the Church 50 years ago, it has gained an evil reputation only recent yearsQ1. 为什么1句用doing，2、3句用On+ doing呢？ Q2。为什么5句可以直接用被动式作状语，而4句用现在分词完成式的被动式做状语？ 切记：on doing这个固定结构是表示“一.就.”，跟“as soon as”完全同一个意思！1也可以说成On seeing it, the woman said she did not like it. 除了2和3之外的句子考察的都是“分词表伴随”这个用法注意，分词并不是简单的doing其中，“伴随”就是伴随状态是用现在分词还是过去分词，这取决于分词这个动作与主句主语的关系，是主谓关系就用现在分词，动宾关系就用过去分词此外，分词的时态也要跟句子时态一致，这就是为什么4那里用了现在分词的完成时态，因为原句用了完成时态。Q3。doing作状语时，是不是就是表结果与状态两种，而表结果时，是否无having done 这种用法？那么having done的用法本身在非谓语里有吗？having done 和doing属于同一范畴，都是属于动词ing型，是非谓语动词。但是一般不会用来表结果，因为v-ing放句末就可以表结果了，为什么还要用having done 多此一举呢？ having done一般位于句首，做伴随或原因状语。因为有完成态在里面，所以这里面的动词的动作要与主句动词动作有一定时间的间隔。如. Having finished my homework, I went out to visit Tom.III当堂练习: （I）完成教材P18；P2021 的练习。（II）单选题1. Finding her car stolen, _.A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughlyC. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help2. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.A. Having sufferedB. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 3. _ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received4. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added 5. “Cant you read?” Mary said, _ to the notice.A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing 6. European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world.A. making B. makes C. made D. to make IV作业:状元之路课时作业（3）
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