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2019-2020年外研版高中英语必修3Module 4 Sandstorms in Asiaword单元学案类别课程标准要求掌握的项目重点单词frightening adj.吓人的，可怕的inland adj.内地的，内陆的mass adj.大量的，大规模的campaign n.战役，活动process n.进程，过程citizen n.公民，市民forecast vt.预告，预报strength n.力气，力量cycle vi.骑车；n.循环，周期atmosphere n.大气，气氛chemical n.化学药品；adj.化学的environment n.环境melt vi.融化pollution n.污染recycle vt.回收利用，再循环coastal adj.海岸的，沿海的concerned adj.关心的，担心的evidence n.证据，证明major adj.主要的；vi.主修urgent a.急迫的,紧急的pollute vt.污染plain vi.抱怨 scary adj.恐怖的，吓人的absolutely adv.绝对地，完全地protection n.保护重点短语cut down砍倒，消减dig up 掘起，挖出advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事sothat如此以至于be caught in遭遇as a result of 由于的结果，因为wake up 醒来，唤醒had better do sth.最好做某事one after another一个接一个地provide sth. for sb.向某人提供某物sweep away冲走，扫除，摧毁by the end of到为止，截止到so that 以便，因此too much 太多take in吸收，理解；欺骗，改短give out 分发，公布；耗尽in bold 用粗体，用黑体do nothing but do sth.除了之外不做任何事cant help but do sth.不可能不做某事care about 关心，关注put on 穿上，上演write down记下，写下be bad for对不利，对有害suggest a solution 提出解决方案look after 照顾take away 拿走，取走get sb. to do sth. 让某人来做某事environmental protection 环境保护look through浏览in a nutshell 简言之，概括地讲have some difficulty/trouble in doing sth.做某事有困难功能交际Its difficult to breathe and the dust makes me ill.So if you want to go out, youd better wear a mask.I couldnt agree with you more.I think you are absolutely right.语法InfinitiveBut + infinitiveThe wind is strong enough to move sand dunes.We were advised not to go outside.I cant help but feel very concerned.I cant but wonder what will happen.【例1】Half of the forest was _ to make room for the road. A. cut in B. cut down C. cut out D. cut up解析：考查与cut相关动词短语辨析：cut in插嘴，打断别人说话；cut down砍倒，消减，压缩；cut out剪下，割掉，删节；cut up切碎；句意：为了给新公路腾出地方，这片树林已经被砍去了一半。依据句意理解，则cut down符合题意。名师点金：cut down的用法减少，缩减You smoke too much-you should try to cut down.你吸烟太多了，该少抽点。砍倒We cut down millions of trees to make toothpicks every year. 我们每年要砍倒数百万棵树木来生产牙签。使缩短，压缩The article is too long-it needs cutting down a little.这篇文章太长了，需要缩短一些。与cut相关的短语：cut in=break in插嘴cut off切断，隔绝cut up=cut sth. into pieces切碎cut out剪下，割掉，删节原文对照：Deserts are also created because people cut down trees and dig up grass.考点搜索2：protect的用法【例2】It has been proved that eating vegetables in childhood helps to _ you against serious illnesses in later life.A. preventB. keepingC. protectD. sheltering解析：考查动词搭配辨析：prevent/keepfrom阻止某事的发生；protectagainst/from保护免遭受；shelterfrom保护免遭受；句意：已被证实，在儿童时期，食用蔬菜有助于保护你在以后的生活中抵抗严重疾病的侵袭。以上四个词中，只有选项C常与from/against连用，依据句意理解，则protect符合题意。答案：C名师点金：protect / prevent的用法“阻止做某事”常见的表达：keep from sth. 阻止某事的发生； prevent from sth. 阻止某事的发生； stop from sth.阻止某事的发生； 【“阻止某事发生”的三个短语中，在主动语态和被动语态中，from均不得省略；而在主动语态中可省略from，在被动语态中不可省略；】protect / shelter/defend from sth. 保护免遭受；The hat will protect his face from the sun. 那顶帽子会让他的脸免受日晒。protect/defendagainst保护免遭受；The police are trained to defend/protect themselves against knife attacks.警察都接受过自卫训练，能够对付持刀袭击。原文对照：What should you do in a sandstorm to protect yourself?考点搜索3：advise的用法【例3】I had _her not to skate on the thin ice, but she wont listen.A. advisedB. suggested C. persuadedD. made解析：考查动词词义辨析：advise sb. to do sth.建议某人来做某事，劝说某人来做某事；suggest不用于复合结构中；persuade sb. to do sth.劝说某人来做某事（侧重“劝说”成功）；make sb. do意为“让某人做某事”，只有在被动语态中用be made to do sth.这一结构；句意：我已经劝说她不要在薄冰上滑冰，但是她却不听劝。依据句意理解与词汇本身用法判断，选项A符合题意。答案：A名师点金：advise/suggest/persuade的用法advise作动词，意为“建议”；advice作名词，意为“建议，忠告”；advise + sth.advise sb. to do sth.advise that 从句谓语动词用should +动词原形，其中should可以省略；be advised to do sth.被建议来做某事；He advised an early start.他建议早点出发。She advised my setting out for Shanghai at once.他建议我立即启程前往上海。The doctor advised him to form the habit of getting up early.医生建议他养成早起的习惯。My mother often advises that I（should）read a lot.妈妈经常建议我应该多读些书。He is advised to take this medicine before meals.他被建议在饭前服用这种药。suggest作动词，意为“建议，暗示”；suggestion作名词，意为“建议，意见”；suggest + sth.suggest that 当suggest表示“建议”之意时，从句谓语动词用should +动词原形，其中should可以省略；若suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意时，从句谓语动词与主句时态保持一致。suggest a solution提出一个解决方案；suggest sb. to do sth. （）He suggested that we（should）start out early the next day.他建议我们第二天早一点出发。The smile on his face suggested that he was glad to have given his life for his country.他脸上的微笑暗示了能为祖国而献身他感到很高兴。persuade作动词，意为“劝说，说服”，侧重“劝说”成功；persuade sb. to do sth.劝说某人来做某事；persuade/argueinto doing sth. 劝说某人做某事；persuade/argueout of doing sth.劝说某人不要做某事；原文对照：What do you think experts advise people to do in this situation?考点搜索4：sothat的用法【例4】He earned _ little money that he couldnt support his family.A. so B. such C. too D. enough解析：考查句型结构：such + + 复数名词或不可数名词 + that，但当形容词为little （少）/ few / much / many时，修饰词要用so；句意：他赚这么少的钱，以至于养不起他的家人。依据语境与句意，则选择A项符合题意。答案：A名师点金：sothat/suchthat/so that的用法sothat与suchthat引导结果状语从句，意为“如此以至于”，但其结构有所不同：so + adj./adv. + that, such + + 复数名词或不可数名词 + thatso many / much / little（少）/ few + 名词 + that 【注意：当little作“小”讲，仍用such little + 名词的形式；】It is so fine that we all want to go out for a walk.It is such fine weather that we all want to go out for a walk.天气是如此的晴朗，以至于我们都想出去散步。We were such little children that we couldnt understand what the professor said at the time.那个时候，我们还是如此小的孩子，以至于根本就不理解教授所说的话。such + a/an + adj. + 单数可数名词 + that =so + adj. +a/an + 单数可数名词+ thatIt is such an interesting film that I want to see it a second time.= It is so interesting an film that I want to see it a second time.这是一部如此有趣的电影，以至于我还想看一遍。sothat/suchthat句型中，so或such放在句首，从句谓语动词用倒装句；So seriously was his leg hurt in the car accident that he was sent to hospital at once.在这次交通事故中，他的腿受伤如此严重以至于他立即被送往医院。so that以便，因此；sothat引导目的状语从句时意为“以便，使能够”，从句里的谓语动词前要加上may,might,can,could,will,would等情态动词；相当于in order that；Hegotupearlysothathecouldcatchthefirstbus.为了赶上早班车，他起得很早。 sothat也可引导结果状语从句，意为“因此，所以”，谓语动词前没有情态动词。此外，表示结果的sothat从句和主句之前常有逗号出现；相当于with the result that；Heoftentoldlies,sothatnoonebelievedhim.他经常撒谎，因此没有人相信他。原文对照：They are often so thick that you cant see the sun.考点搜索5：take in的用法【例5】Dont be _by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.A. given out B. taken in C. taken away D. given off 解析：考查动词短语辨析：give out分发，发布，公布（信息）；发出（光、热、声音、气体等）；用光，耗尽；take in吸收，欺骗；take away拿走，取走；give off发出（光、热、声音、气味等）；句意：不要被那些承诺让你快速减肥的产品所欺骗。依据句意理解，则take in符合题意。答案：B名师点金：take in的用法领会，理解，记住I didnt take in what you were saying. 我不理解你说什么。（价格或费用里）包括This price takes in the cost of all the acmodation and food.这个价格包括了食宿等一切费用。吸收，吸入We must take in nutritious food every day. 我们必须每天摄入有营养的食物。改小，改瘦（衣服）The dress was too big, so I took it in. 衣服太大了，所以我把它改小了。收留，接纳He had nowhere to live, so we took him in.他没地方住，所以我们让他在我们家。原文对照：Trees take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen. 点金测评创新训练【基础巩固 全面训练】.单词拼写1. The teacher e_ the students to ask questions in class. 2. She was very f_ to look down from the top floor of the building.3. The artist had s_ his name in the corner of the painting.4. We must carry on a c_ for the peoples human rights.5. Only two passengers s_ the air-crash.6. Learning a language is a slow _（过程）.7. According to the weather_（预报）it will be sunny tomorrow.8. The job requires a lot of physical _（力量）. 9. You should pay _（特别的）attention to spelling.10. The lecture _（提供）him with an opportunity to meet one of his heroes.短语翻译11. cut down_12. dig up_13. advise sb. to do sth._14. be caught in _15. as a result of _16. had better do sth. _17. one after another _18. provide sth. for sb. _19. sweep away _20. by the end of _21. _以便，因此22. _吸收，理解；欺骗，改短23. _分发，公布；耗尽24. _除了之外不做任何事25. _不可能不做某事26. _关心，关注27. _提出解决方案28. _浏览29. _简言之，概括地讲30. _做某事有困难.单项选择31. Jiu Zhaigou with a good _ attracts a lot of tourists.A. environment B. situation C. case D. position32. The new coat looks too large on Mary，so her mother had to_.A. cut it outB. cut it downC. cut it offD. cut it up33.Wearing a pair of sun-glasses is a protection_ the sun in summer.A. to B. at C. with D. from34.The _ by the road said “No Parking”.A. sceneB. signC. sightD. view35.What prevented your plan_?A. from being carried out B. form carrying outC. to carry out D. to be carried out36.What do you think _with him?A. was the matter B. the matter wasC. were the matter D. the matter were37.When I caught him _ in the exam, I stood beside him for a minute without saying anything.A. cheating B. cheat C. to cheat D. to be cheating38.It was a wonder that the old lady even _in the earthquake.A. was survived B. survived C. was surviving D. will survive39.He had his leg broken while he was playing football. _, he asked a two-month leave.A. In any case B. After all C. As a result D. In this way40.Environmental protection is a rather long _which takes the joint effort by all human beings.A. step B. process C. project D. measure41.Its too late. I cant make _possible to get to the airport on time.A. this B. that C. it D. what42.It is difficult for him to _the future.A. admit B. discuss C. forecast D. announce43.The damage that human activities have caused to the environment _ people greatly.A. surprises B. surprised C. surprising D. surprise44. Pollution is_ problem in the world that we need to do_ work to prevent it.A. a so big, so much B. such a big, such muchC. such a big, so much C. so big a, such much45. At night, plants_ carbon dioxide and at the same time_ oxygen. So, we may put some in our bedrooms to purify the air.A. take in, give out B. take up, give offC. take in, give in D. take off, give up.选词填空major urgent concerned evidencechemical recycle coastal environmental atmosphere46. A _ change takes place in any substance when it burns.47. Those small factories are causing a lot of _ pollution with all their noise and smoke.48. The _of the city is very much polluted.49. As children we should be much _about our parents health.50. A scientist must produce _support of a theory.51. Mr. Moss has some _ things to do, so the meeting will be put off.52. If we could _ 40% of our everyday waste, our environment would be improved a lot.53. Qingdao is a _ city.54. Who do you think are our _petitors, and what are their advantages over us?【综合应用 提高训练】.根据汉语意思完成句子1. In order to _ diseases _, citizens are_ to wear masks when they go to work.为了防止疾病的传播，市民们被警告去上班时要戴口罩。2. Weather experts _people _ _ _ _，because a hurricane is ing.天气专家劝人们别出去，因为飓风即将到来。3. He spoke _ loudly _ the people in the next room could hear.他说话的声音那么大以至于另一个房间的人也能听到。4. We must _ _ _the fact that this kind of animal is in danger of dying out.我们必须意识到这一事实，那就是这种动物正面临灭绝的危险。5. The hotel _ a shoe-cleaning service _ guests.这家酒店为客人提供擦鞋服务。.单句改错6.Tom was caught when he was cutting trees.7.Almost 2 000 tons of sand was brought in to creating a 10-acre beach.8.It was so fine weather that we all went out to play.9.The old lady was caught in such a frightened storm that we all worried about her.10. The bad weather makes impossible to have a picnic today.完形填空Have you seen a sandstorm? I would like to share with you my personal _11_ of the sandstorm in northern China. On April 7, 2004, we decided to _12_ a city of Jilin Province. It was supposed to be four hours drive from the place where we lived. We _13_ at about 7:00 only to see the most amazing _14_ we had ever seen. The sky was _15_ as if it was midnight. The _16_ from the few cars that dared travel in the streets were yellowish. So we had to stay at home, _17_ for a better condition for our trip.The wind was fairly _18_ and might have been stronger at night _19_ we woke up. The visibility(能见度) at this point was close to 20 m. About two hours later the _20_ increased to 50 m and stayed so 21 _ about 10:00 am. When the dust lifted(消散) a little and the visibility _22_ to 200 m, we decided to drive out. However, everybody on the road was enveloped in thick frog with dust and the sky glowed with a dark _23_ color, so we hardly see each other _24_. Sometimes, the wind suddenly _25_ up a lot of dust and sand and the visibility occasionally decreased to 20-50 m, making it very _26_ to drive.The dust _27_ in the air until the late afternoon when it slightly lifted. At last, we arrived at the city, but the trip that _28_ took about four hour, took us nearly eight hours. The dust remained in the _29_ for about two more days. On the third day a short period of rain _30_ as the cold front passed the region. So the terrible scene came to an end, and everything took on a lively and fresh appearance again. 11. A. experience B. record C. idea D. action 12. A. leave B. visit C. call D. see13. A. woke up B. sat up C. set off D. left off 14. A. storm B. snow C. rain D. wind15. A. dark B. bright C. blue D. cold16. A. walls B. glass C. covers D. lights17. A. leaving B. waiting C. taking D. calling 18. A. strong B. faint C. weak D. soft19. A. after B. when C. before D. while20. A. speed B. power C. strength D. visibility21. A. since B. before C. when D. until22. A. increased B. reduced C. decreased D. stayed23. A. red B. yellow C. green D. black24. A. faintly B. clearly C. successfully D. perfectly25. A. picked B. took C. turned D. looked 26. A. safe B. dangerous C. normal D. likely 27. A. remained B. jumped C. covered D. dropped 28. A. normally B. rarely C. frequently D. particularly29.A. city B. town C. air D. car30. A. happened B. dropped C. struck D. flew .阅读理解Water pollution affects mans health，recreational（娱乐的）use of water，industrial use of water and sense of beauty.The spread of water-carried disease is of great concern. In highly developed countries in particular，emphasis has changed from concern over bacterial disease to concern over water-carried viral（病毒性的）disease. Viral hepatitis（肝炎），for example，has been found to occur more frequently in cities whose water supplies have paratively high levels of water impurity. Poisonous chemicals found in streams that are ultimately used for water supplies also create an important public health problem.It is clear that poisonous chemicals must be excluded from water，but more and more chemicals from new pesticides（杀虫剂），fertilizers，and other new products have been found in water. Since the public health importance of these chemicals is not yet fully known，they are of increasing concern. The chemicals from fertilizers are also finding their way into water supplies from pollution.As mans desire for water-based recreation increases，greater demands are placed on the quality of water. The water must not only be attractive in appearance but also meet certain other conditions. Sports such as swimming involve direct contact with water，and so water standards are raised higher.The range of water quality necessary for industrial processes varies greatly with the intended use of water. The water used in steel mills，for example，must have a lower chloride（氧化物）level than that accepted for drinking water. Cooling water can often be of paratively low sanitary（卫生的）quality. A large part of water used in the paper-making industry can be of relatively low quality in some aspects but must contain little iron and carbon dioxide.31. The chemicals from pesticides and fertilizers found in water are of increasing concern because _.A. their importance to mans health has not been pletely knownB. they may cause groundwater pollution C. they can find their way into water supplies for farmersD. they are important factors contributing to the spread of disease32.According to the passage，water-based recreation demands that_.A. the water contain a higher level of oxygenB. the water contain little iron and carbon dioxideC. the water be attractive and of high qualityD. the water standards be appropriate for all sports33.In the last paragraph，the author mentions all of the following except_.A. water quality necessary for steel millsB. soft water and hard water for industrial useC. cooling water of low sanitary qualityD. water standards for paper mills34.As the passage is not plete，what do you think would follow in its full text？_A. The relationship between carbon dioxide and paper making.B. Water pollutions direct economic effects on man.C. Examples of continued water pollution.D. Mans views on water pollution in terms of beauty values.BBacteria(细菌) are extremely small living things. While we measure our own sizes in inches or centimeters, bacterial size is measured in micron. One micron is a thousandth of a millimeter; a pinhead is about a millimeter across, Rod-shaped bacteria are usually from two to four microns long, while rounded ones are generally one micron across. Thus, if you magnified a rounded bacterium a thousand times, it would be just the size of a pinhead, while a grown-up human enlarged by the same amount would be over a mile tall.Even with an ordinary microscope(显微镜), you must look closely to see bacteria. Using a magnification of 100 times, one can hardly find bacteria. Nor can one make out anything of their structure, of course. Only by using special colors, can one see that some bacteria have wavy-looking “hairs” called flagella（鞭毛）. Others have only one flagellum. The flagella move round a central point, pushing the bacteria through the water. Many bacteria lack flagella and cannot move about by their own power, while others can move along over surface by some little-understood “machinery”.From the bacterial point of view, the world is a very different place from
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