非谓语动词作状语.ppt

Grammarandusage Overview infinitive verb ingandverb ed II 1 定义修饰动词 形容词 副词等的句子成分叫做状语 adverbial IwasbornonJune9th1982inGuangxi Heiswritingwithapen Inordertocatchupwithmyclassmates Imuststudyhard 2 功用状语说明地点 时间 原因 目的 结果 条件 方向 程度 方式和伴随状况等 状语 Adverbial 判断下列各句中状语的功用 1 Howaboutmeetingagainatsix 2 Lastnightshedidn tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain 3 Ishallgothereifitdoesn train 4 MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor 5 Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare 时间状语 原因状语 条件状语 地点状语 方式状语 6 Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand 7 Inordertocatchupwiththeothers Imustworkharder 8 Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately 9 Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold 10 Iamtallerthanheis 11 Heoftencomeslatetoschool 伴随状语 目的状语 结果状语 让步状语 比较状语 频率状语 不定式作状语常用来表目的 结果 原因 条件等 1 目的状语TolearnEnglishwell hewenttoEngland Inordertoachievetheaim wemustlearnfromothercountries 一 不定式作状语 注 表目的的不定式还常与soas或inorder连用 构成soas not todo和inorder not todo结构 其中soas not todo不能用于句首 例如 Togetthereintime wegotupveryearly Inordertogetthereintime wegotupveryearly Wegotupveryearly inorder soas togetthereintime 2 结果状语Herantothestationonlytofindthetrainhadleft 3 原因状语Weareexcitedtohearthenews Iamverysorrytohearthat 注意 有时 不定式还可修饰一个句子 表明说话人的态度 常见的这类不定式有totellyouthetruth tobehonest tobefrank tobefair等 例如 Totellyouthetruth Idon tlikethefilm Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident losehisjob A sonotastoB soasnottoC soastonotD notsoasto 解析 此题考查不定式作目的状语及其结构 所以选B Practice 现在分词作状语可表示时间 原因 结果 条件 让步 方式 伴随等 可转化为相应的状语从句 在逻辑上句子的主语与分词有主谓关系 1 表时间Walkingoutoftheroom hesawtheboystillthere Whenhewalkedoutoftheroom he 二 现在分词 V ing 作状语 2 表原因Beingill hedidn tgotoschoolyesterday Becausehewasill he Notmasteringthewayofstudying Ididn tgetagoodresult AsIdidn tmasterthewayofstudying i 3 表结果 并列谓语 Hisfatherdied leavinghimalotofmoney hisfatherdiedandlefthim Thefirelastednearlyamonth leavingnothingvaluable Thefirelastednearlyamonthandleftnothingvaluable 4 表条件Workinghardatyourlessons youwillsucceed Ifyouworkhardatyourlessons you Ifyoudon tmakeuseoftime youwillregret Notmakinguseofthetime youwill 5 表让步Knowingallthis theymademepayforthedamage Athoughtheyknewallthis they Studyingfrommorningtillnight Ididn tpasstheexam AthoughIstudiedfrommorningtillnight I 6 表方式 伴随状语 并列结构 Helayonthegrass staringattheskyforalongtime Helayonthegrassandstaredatthe Thegirlcameintotheclassroom singinganddancing Thegrilcameintotheclassroomandtheysanganddanced 注意 1 为了使现在分词作状语表达的意思更明确 可在动词ing前加上适当的连词 when while once if though unless even等 Whenwaitingforthebus hesawanoldfriend Don ttalkwhilehavingdinner Oncelosingthechance youcan teasilyfindit 2 动词ing形式做状语 其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致 Whilereadingthebook thetelephonerang Whilereadingthebook sheheardthetelephonering Lookingoutthroughthewindow thegardenwasbeautiful Lookingoutthroughthewindow wefoundabeautifulgarden 注意 3 独立成分作状语 常见的分词短语有 Franklyspeaking honestlyspeaking Judgingfrom considering totellthetruthHonestlyspeaking heisnotfitforthejob Judgingfromhisaccent heisfromthesouth 注意 典型例题 1 Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries itthemostpopularsportintheworld A makingB makesC madeD tomake 解析 此题考查 ing分词作结果状语的用法 三 过去分词 V ed 作状语 过去分词作状语可表示被动和完成的动作 表示时间 原因 条件 让步 方式等 相当于相应的状语从句 在逻辑上句子的主语与分词有动宾关系 1 表时间Seenfromthetopofthehill thecitylookedlikeabiggarden whenitisseenfromthetopofthehill thecity 2 表原因 Surroundedbyagroupofyoungpeople theoldmanfelthappy Ashewassurroundedbyagroupofyoungpeople theoldman Greatlytouchedbytheteacher swords hedidalotofthingstohelphisclassmates Becausetheboywasgreatlytouchedbytheteacher swords he 3 表条件 Givenmoretime wecoulddoitbetter Ifweweregivenmoretime we Comparedwithyourbrother youshouldmakegreatereffortstostudyEnglish ifyouarecomparedwithyourbrother you 4 表让步 Laughedatbymanypeople hecontinuedhisstudy Althoughhewaslaughedatbymanypeople he Evenifinvited Iwon ttakepartintheparty EvenifIaminvited I 5 表示方式或伴随 Supportedbyagirl theoldmangotoffthebus Hewalkedupanddowntheroom lostinthought 1 过去分词做状语时 其逻辑主语要与句子的主语保持一致 Askedwhyshewaslate herfacewentred Askedwhyshewaslate shewentredintheface 注意 2 过去分词或短语做状语时 也可在其前面加上连词when if once though unless等 以便明确作何种状语 注意 Thoughbeaten wewerenotdiscouraged Thoughwewerebeated we Oncetasted thedishishardtoforget onceitistasted thedish 3 过去分词做状语与现在分词作状语的区别 过去分词与句子主语构成动宾关系或被动关系 现在分词与句子主语构成主谓关系或主动关系 Usedforalongtime thebooklooksold Usingthebook Ifindituseful 注意 fromthetop thestadiumlookslikeabirdnest fromthespace theastronautcannotdiscovertheGreatWall AseeingBseen Seen Seeing 现在分词的时态和语态 现在分词一般式 V ing 表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在不久之前发生 现在分词的完成式 having V ed 表示的动作在谓语动词的动作前面发生 Seeingtheteacherwascoming thestudentsstoppedplaying Havingreceivedaletter Ikneweverythingisallright 1 现在分词的时态 现在分词的一般被动式 Beingdone 表示其被动动作正在进行 现在分词的完成被动式 havingbeendone 表示先于谓语动词的动作之前完成的被动动作 Theschoolbeingbuiltwillbecompletednextyear Havingbeentrappedinthetraffic hewaslateforwork 2 现在分词的语态 非谓语动词的否定 非谓语动词的否定就是在非谓语动词前面直接加not Notknowingwhattodonext shestoppedtowait 如果不定式或分词表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生 该不定式或分词用完成式 例如 I msorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble Havingnever Nothavingmetthemanbefore Icouldn trecognizehimatfirst Havingfinishedmyhomework Iwenttoplayfootball 补充 Exercises Shesetoutsoonafterdark homeanhourlater A arrivingB toarriveC havingarrivedD andarrived 2 Can tyouread Marysaid tothenotice A angrilypointingB andpointangrilyC angrilypointedD andangrilypointing3 areply hedecidedtowriteagain A NotreceivingB ReceivingnotC NothavingreceivedD Havingnotreceived 4 Sheisupstairs letters A writesB iswritingC writeD writing5 Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight alongspeechforthepresident A toprepareB preparingC preparedD waspreparing 典型例题 1 Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries itthemostpopularsportintheworld A makingB makesC madeD tomake 解析 此题考查 ing分词作结果状语的用法 2 inthought healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim A LosingB HavinglostC LostD Tolose 解析 此题考查 ed分词短语作原因状语的用法 belostinthought是一个短语 意为 陷入沉思 3 Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident losehisjob A sonotastoB soasnottoC soastonotD notsoasto 解析 此题考查不定式作目的状语及其结构 所以选B