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Module 3 Journey to space一、学习目标:A. 单词和短语：earth, moon, news, planet, reach, yet, just, model, spaceship, project, no problem, latest, on, discover, astronaut, space travel, none, environment, that, solar, system, solar system, group, galaxy, universe, light, impossible, take-took-taken, out, communicate B. 交际用语：1. What are you up to?2. Sure, no problem.3. Ive just made a model spaceship for our school project.4. I havent started yet because Im not sure how to make it.5. I havent started it yet.6. Have you heard the latest news?7. Has it arrived yet?8. Thats why its on the news.9. Astronauts have already been to the moon.10. Have we sent a spaceship to Mars?Yes, we have. But11. The spaceship has gone to Mars.12. However, we have not found life on other plants yet.二、教学目标1. Function: Talking about recent events.2. Structure: Present perfect with already, just and yet.3. Skills: 1) Listening for specific information.2) Talking about space travel; participating in a role-play.3) Reading and finding out information from simple texts and choosing the best title.4) Writing a passage to describe the picture.4. Around the world: Names of the days of the week.5. Task: Making a poster about space travel.三、重点及难点: 1. Structure: Present perfect with already, just and yet.2. To understand the difference between have been to and have gone to.四、教学设计:Unit 1 Has it arrived yet? Teaching modelListening and speaking Teaching method PWP approach Teaching aims1. To understand Present perfect with already, just and yet.2. To understand the conversation about the space mission to Mars.3. To understand the difference between have been to and have gone to. Teaching Objectives 1. Key vocabulary: earth, moon, news, planet, reach, yet, just, model, spaceship, project, no problem, latest, on, discover, astronaut, space travel2. Key structures: Present perfect with already, just and yet. Teaching aidsTape recorder, OHP, video Teaching StepsStep 1 Warming up1. Enjoy news report and watch a video.2. Show some pictures to introduce the new words.3. Learn the new words.4. Read the new words.Step 2 Listen and number the words as you hear them.1. Ask the students to read the words in Activity 1.earth, land, message, moon, news, planet, reach, scientist2. Play the recording.3. Listen and number the words as you hear them.4. Ask the students to check their answer with a partner.5. Call back the answer from the whole class and check the answer.Step 3 Listen again and complete the notes.1. Ask the students to read the notes in Activity 2.news about the trip to (1) _journey of (2) _ monthshas not sent back any (3) _ yethope to find (4) _ on Mars2. Listen again and complete the notes.3. Ask the students to check their answer with a partner.4. Call back the answer from the whole class and check the answer. keys: Mars eight messages lifeStep 4 Listen and read.1. Show some pictures, and ask the students to talk about them.2. Ask the students to read the conversation silently.3. Play the recording and ask the students to listen and read the conversation.4. Read the conversation.5. Act it out.6. Learn “Everyday English”1) What are you up to?2) Sure, no problem.Step 5 Now answer the questions.1. Ask the students to read through the questions in Activity3.1) What school project have Daming and Tony got?2) How does Daming feel about the school project?3) What news has Tony heard?4) Has anyone been to Mars? Why?2. Ask the students to read through the conversation in Activity 3 again.3. Answer the questions.4. Check with a partner.5. Call back the answers from the whole class.Keys: They have got a project on spaceships.Hes not sure how to make the model.The spaceship to Mars has reached there.No one has been to Mars yet, because Mars is very far away, much farther than the moon.Step 6 Complete the passage in Activity 4.1. Ask the students to read the words in the box in Activity 4.arrive, discover, planet, send, yet2. Ask the students to read through the passage in Activity 4.On todays news, Tony has heard that scientists have (1) _ a spaceship to Mars and it has (2) _ on the (3) _ after a journey of several months from the earth. Scientists have not (4) _ life on Mars (5) _. And no astronaut has ever been to Mars because it is very far away.3. Complete the passage with the correct form of the words in the box.4. Check with a partner.5. Call back the answers from the whole class.Keys: 1. sent 2. arrived 3. planet 4. discovered 5. yet6. Read the passage together.Step 7 Language points.1. reach v. 到达，抵达 后可以直接跟地点名词 e.g. When will your parents reachAmerica? 你爸妈什么时候到美国？get, arrive & reachget, arrive和reach都可以表示“到达”，但它们的用法有区别。get是不及物动词，其后若跟地点名词，需要借助于介词toe.g. Please call me when you get toEngland.arrive也是不及物动词，其后若跟地点名词，需要借助于介词in或ate.g. The train arrived at the station in the morning. Do you know when your father arrived inFrance?注意：当get, arrive后面接here, there和home等表示地点的副词时，不使用介词。e.g. We got / arrived here last night.根据句意选用get, arrive或reach填空，有的需要变换形式。1) The children will _Beijingthis afternoon.2) Tim _ toLondonlast week.3) Yesterday the man _ at the airport on time.4) They _ here at five oclock yesterday.2. What are you up to? 你在做什么呢？be up to 表示“正在做某事，忙于某事”。常用在非正式场合中。e.g. Whats he up to with all those books on the floor?地上放那么多书，他在干什么呢？What were you up to yesterday? You didnt answer my phone. 昨天你干什么呢？不接我电话。当我们说be up to sb.时，表示“由决定”。e.g. Do you want to stay or go? Its up to you. 你是要留下还是要走？你自己定。3. Ive just made this model of the space station.这是我刚做的宇宙空间站的模型。just 常用在现在完成时的肯定句中，常放在助动词 have/has 的后面。e.g. Weve just seen/watched the film. 我们刚看了电影。3. I havent started it yet. 我还没有开始做呢。yet用于疑问句和否定句中，通常位于句末。在否定句中意为“还；尚未” ；在疑问句中意为“已经” e.g. We havent finished our homework yet. 我们还没有完成作业。 Have you locked the garage yet? 你已经把车库锁了吗？ already & yet already意为“已经”，常用于肯定句中；有时也可用于疑问句中，表示惊讶或想得到对方肯定回答。 e.g. I have already finished my homework. 我已经完成我的作业了。 Have you seen the film already? 你已经看过电影了？请根据句意用already或yet填空。1) The students havent finished their homework _.2) We have _ seen this book.3) Lisa has _ finished her lunch, but she hasnt washed the bowls _.4) Have you returned the book to the library _? You never told me!Keys:yet already already yet alreadyjust/already/yet用法小结just “刚刚”；already “已经”，一般置于have/has之后，两者都用于肯定句；yet 用在否定句和疑问句，表示“还未”。5. Have you heard the latest news? 你听说过这个最新消息吗？ latest adj. 最近的；最新的e.g. The news is all about the latest meeting. 这条消息是关于最近的会议的。latest还是late的最高级形式，意为“最晚的” e.g. Jenny was the latest student to come to school in the class this morning. 6. Thats why its on the news. 这就是它为什么出现在新闻报导的原因。Thats why 这就是的原因e.g. Thats why they didnt like the music. 这就是他们不喜欢这个音乐的原因。 on prep. 在(播放)中；关于 e.g. Whats on the TV? 电视正在播放什么节目？7. So have they discovered life on Mars? 所以他们在火星上发现生命了吗？discover v. 发现；找到其后可以跟名作宾语，指的是那些原来已存在的，但不为人知的事物 e.g. Ive discovered a super restaurant near here! 我发现这附近有一家超棒的餐厅。discover作“发现某些事实、真相”讲时，与find out意思相近e.g. These examples will help us discover the ways that words are used. 这些例子可以帮助我们发现单词的使用方法。discover还有“发觉”的意思e.g. She discovered the pleasure of reading. 她发觉到阅读的乐趣。8. Astronauts have already been to the moon. 宇航员已经去过月球了。already表示“已经”，常放在have/ has之后，通常用于肯定句中。e.g. Jack has already finished his homework. have/ has been to表示曾经去过某地，但现在已经回到他的生活所在地。e.g. Theyve already been to Suzhou twice. 他们已经去过苏州两次了。have been to 表示“去过某地”，但现在已经回来了； have gone to 表示“去了某地”，现在不在这里（说话人所在地）。Step 8 Pronunciation and speaking1. Play the recording once without stopping.2. Play the recording again and ask the whole class to repeat.1) Ive just made a model spaceship for our school project.2) I havent started yet because Im not sure how to make it.3) Has it arrived yet?4) Astronauts have already been to the moon.3. Ask the students to listen and underline the words the speaker stresses.4. Now listen again and repeat.Step 9 Work in pairs.1. Make lists of what we have and have not done in space travel.We have We have not_ _ _ _ _ _Key: We have A dog has travelled in space. Men have travelled to the moon. Spaceships have taken photographs on Mars.We have not We have not built houses in space. Astronauts have not been to Mercury. Scientists have not visited Venus.2. Talk about space travel with the lists in Activity 6.Have we sent a spaceship to Mars?Yes, we have. But3. Work in pairs.Step 10 Exercises ( ) 1. Wheres Ben? He_ to the teachers office. Hell be back soon. A. go B. has gone C. has been ( ) 2. Will you please go to see the movie Guanyinshan with me ? No, I wont. I _ it already. A. saw B. have seen C. see D. will see ( ) 3. She isnt at the cinema now because she _the library. A. has been to B. have been to C. have gone to D. has gone to( ) 4. Jim isnt in the classroom. Where is he? He _to the teachers office. A. will go B. has gone C. had gone D. is going ( ) 5. Id like you to tell me something about Shen Nongjia.Im sorry, but neither Jack nor I _ there.A. have been B. has been C. have gone D. has goneKeys: 1. B 2. B 3. D 4.B 5. AB. 完成句子:1. 我们已经到达上海。 We _ Shanghai.2. 他刚刚做完这个模型。 He _ this model.3. 这个女孩在干什么？ What _ this girl _?4. 你曾经去过香港吗？是的。 _ you _ Hong Kong? Yes, I _.5. 他们听说过这个最近的新闻吗？ Have they _?Keys: 1. have already reached 2. has just made 3. is, up to 4. Have, ever been to, have 5. heard this latest newsStep 11 Homework1. Remember the words and phrases in this lesson.2. Review the next lesson.Unit 2 We have not found life on any other planets yet.Teaching modelReading and writing. Teaching method Top-down approach Teaching aims1. Listen for specific information.2. Talk about space travel; participating in a role-play.3. Read and find out information from simple texts and choose the best title.4. Write a passage to describe the picture.Teaching Objectives Key vocabulary: none, environment, that, solar, system, solar system, group, galaxy, universe, light, impossible, take-took-taken, out, communicate Teaching aidsRecorder, OHP, video Teaching StepsStep 1 Warming-up1. Show some pictures to review the text of Unit 1.2. Show some pictures.3. Talk about the pictures.4. Introduce the new words.5. Read the words after the teacher.Step 2 Work in pairs. 1. Enjoy News Report.2. Show some pictures to talk about something about Shenzhou-93. Ask the students to look at the picture in Activity 1.4. Work in pairs. Shenzhou-9 is a manned spaceship.Step 3 Reading1. Play the recording and listen to the tape carefully.2. Ask the students to read through the passage.3. Choose the best title for it.1) Anyone out there? 2) Life on the earth 3) The sun and other stars 4) The stars at night4. Check with a partner.5. Call back the answers from the whole class.6. Read the text together.Step 4 Check ( ) the true sentences.1. Ask the students to read the sentences in Activity 3.1) The earth is a star. 2) The sun is a star.3) There is more than one galaxy in the universe.4) The light from the stars in other galaxies has travelled for a long time to reach us.5) Scientists have received many messages from space.6) Spaceships have visited most of the universe.2. Read the passage again.3. Check ( ) the true sentences.4. Check with a partner.5. Call back the answers from the whole class.Keys: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Step 5 Complete the passage.1. Ask the students to read the words in the box in Activity 4.communicate environment none solar system universe2. Ask the students to read through the passage in Activity 4.Is there life on other planets? There are seven other planets in our (1) _, but (2) _ of them has a(n) (3) _ like that of the earth. Spaceships from the earth have done surveys of the other planets, but they have not found ant life there. Why has no one from other planets tried to (4) _ with us? It is true that scientists have not discovered life on other planets in the (5) _ yet, but some scientists believe that they will find it some day.3. Complete the passage with the words and expression in the box.4. Check with a partner.5. Call back the answers from the whole class.Keys: 1. solar system 2. none 3. environment 4. communicate 5. universe6. Read the passage together.Step 6 Language points1. Scientists think that there has been life on Earth for hundreds of millions of years. 科学家认为地球上的生命已经有亿万年了。millions of数百万，hundreds of 数百，thousands of 成千上万，billions of 数十亿e.g. There are billions of stars in the Galaxy, and our sun is only one of them.银河系中有数十亿颗恒星，我们的太阳只是其中的一个。2. The Earth is a planet and it goes around the Sun. Seven other planets also go around the sun. 地球是颗行星，它围绕着太阳转。还有其他七颗行星也围绕着太阳转。太阳系的其他七颗行星：水星(Mercury)、金星(Venus)、火星(Mars)、木星(Jupiter)、土星(Saturn)、天王星(Uranus)、海王星(Neptune)。3. None of them has an environment like that of the earth, so scientists do not think they will find life on them.他们中没有一个有像地球这样的环境，因此科学家认为在他们上面找不到生命。none pron. 没有一人；没有一个；一点儿也没none of 表示（三个以上）一个也没有。做主语时，谓语动词可用单数或复数。e.g. None of us _ interested in the story. 我们中没有人对这个故事感兴趣。 None of us _ been to the Mars. 我们中没一个去过火星。4. our solar system is a small part of a much larger group of stars and planets, called the Galaxy or the Milky Way.我们的太阳系只是一个由恒星和行星组成的星系的一小部分，这个星系比太阳系大得多，称作银河系或银河。这里的the Galaxy专指“银河系”，也可以称作 the Milky Way。而galaxy则泛指“星系”。例如：Scientists have discovered a distant galaxy. 科学家们发现了一个遥远的星系。5. So how large is the universe? Its impossible to imagine.所以宇宙有多大？我们无从想象。句型: It is +形容词 + to +动词原形，意思是“做某事很”It is difficult to read these words. 读这些单词很难。6. With so many stars in the universe, are we alone, or is there life out there in space? 宇宙中有这么多恒星，我们是孤独的吗？抑或太空中还有其他生命存在呢？with + 名词 + 介词短语，表示伴随情况，意思是“带着”。 例如：Mr. Zhang is coming with a book in his hands.张老师手里带着一书进来了。alone 在句中作形容词，不作定语只做表语，也可作副词。意思是“独自地”。例如：She was alone in that dark room. 她独自一人呆在那黑屋子里。7. Why has no one communicated with us?为什么没人和我们联系？no one意为“没有人”，多用来指人。当它用作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 e.g. No one came here yesterday. 昨天没人来这。 none可用来回答how many或how much的提问，no one可用来回答who的提问e.g. How many birds can you see in the picture? _. Who is in the room? _.请从括号内选择适当的一项填空，使句意完整通顺。1) How many cakes are there in the fridge? _ (None / No one).2)_ (None / No one) writes to me but you.communicate既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。作及物动词时，意为“表达，传达”；作不及物动词时，意为“沟通，交流”，常与介词with连用。e.g. I asked your sister to communicate my wishes to you. I shall communicate with you directly.根据汉语意思完成英语句子。1) 玛丽(Mary)经常与她的老师们交流。 Mary often _ her teachers.2) 在他的帮助下，我们试着向父母表达了我们的感情。 With his help, we tried to _ our feelings to our parents.Step 7 Look and answer the questions.1. Look at the picture from a science story for children in Activity 5. 2. Read through the example sentencesWhat have the scientists just received? (a message from one of our spaceships)They have just received a message from one of our spaceships.3. Ask the students to answer the questions.1) Where has the spaceship landed? (Mars)2) What has the spaceship discovered? (people on Mars)3) Why have the people on Mars not sent us a message? (do not know how to)4) Why have the people on Mars not visited us on the earth? (do not know how to)4. Check with a partner.5. Call back the answers from the whole class.Keys:1. It has landed on Mars.2. It has discovered people on Mars.3. They do not know how to send us a message.4. They do not know how to visit us on the earth.Step 8 Writing.Write a passage to describe the picture. Use your answers to the questions in Activity 5 to help you.We have just received a message from our spaceship to MarsStep 9 Do exercises:下列各题划线部分中均有一处错误，请指出并改正。1. No one of his friends has been to Paris. _2. I havent found my new basketball already. _3. There are million of people in the stadium. _Keys:1. No one None2. already yet 3. million of millions ofStep 10 Homework:Finish the Activity 6 on page 21.Unit 3 Language in use Teaching modelRevision and application Teaching method Formal and interactive practice Teaching aims1. Function: Talking about recent events.2. Structure: Present perfect with already, just and yet.2. Around the world: Names of the days of the week.4. Task: Making a poster about space travel. Teaching aidsTape recorder, OHP, handouts Teaching StepsStep 1 RevisionShow some pictures to review the text of Unit 1 and Unit 2 Step 2 Language practice1. Read through the example sentences in the box with the whole class.1. Ive just made a model spaceship. 2. Has it arrived yet? 3. Astronauts have already been to the moon.4. We have not found life on any other planets yet.2. Ask the students to repeat the sentences in the box.Step 3 Grammar: 现在完成时(2)1. 当表示动作已经完成，并对现在有一定影响时，我们一般用现在完成时。同时，可分用just, already或yet加以强调或说明。例如：I have just heard the news.我刚听到消息。Astronauts have already been to the moon.宇航员已经去过月球了。He has just started to explore other planets.我们才刚刚开始探索其他行星。可以看出，just 用来表示“刚刚”， already 用来表示“已经”，两者都用于肯定句中，一般是置于have / has 之后。在否定句中则可用yet, 表示“还未”， 有“以后可以会”的含义。例如：The scientists have not heard from it yet. 科学家还没有收到它发出的信息。Man has not discovered any life in space yet. 人类尚未在太空中发现生命。另外，在使用现在完成时的时候，要注意与一般过去时的区别。现在完成时在表达经历时只表示该事件是在现在之前的某一个时间里发生的，重点在于已完成动作对现在的影响。而一般过去时则表示在过去某一具体时间发生的事情。例如：I have just been to London. I went there last month.我刚去过伦敦，上个月去的。I have already finished my homework. I finished it an hour ago. 我已经完成家庭作业了，一小时前完成的。在没有明确的过去时间状语时，如何判断该用现在完成时还是该用过去时呢？判断的标准是看该行为是否对现在有影响，也就是说该句强调的是什么。试看以下对话：A: Where have you put my book? I cant find it.你把我的书放哪儿去了？我找不到。B: I put it on your desk yesterday. 我昨天放你桌子上了。该对话中，当A 问对方把自己的书放在何处时，A 感兴趣的是现在的状态，因此用现在完成时。但是B 回答时只是说明当时放的位置，所以用一般过去时。再看下面的对话：A: Would you like to go and see the film with me tonight ? 你今晚想和我去看电影吗？B: Sorry, I have seen it already. 不好意思，我已经看过那部电影了。对话中的现在完成时表示对结果的强调：“电影看过了，所以不想再看了。在现在完成时的句子中，already(已经)、just(已刚刚)常用于肯定句，放在have和has的后面，yet(还、尚、仍然)常用于否定句和疑问句，（放在have和has的后面也可放在句末）。2. Complete the news with already, just and yet.Spaceship on Mars !Astronauts have (1) _ been to the moon but they have not been to any other planets. However, a spaceship (2) _ arrived on Mars and it has (3) _ sent back photos of the red planet. Is there life on Mars? We do not know (4) _.3. Ask the students to check with a partner.4. Check the answers: Keys: 1. alrea
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