纽马克语义翻译与交际翻译.ppt

Communicative SemanticTranslation PeterNewmark MainContent BackgroundCommunicative SemanticTranslationComments Background Pre linguisticsperiodoftranslationOppositiontothemonistictheoryLinguisticsbases Pre linguisticsperiodoftranslation Conflictbetweenfreeandliteraltranslation Noattempttodistinguishtypesorqualityoftexts Strongontheory butshortonmethodandpracticalexamples Unawareofeachother swork Themonistictheoryoftranslation Thetwoconcepts CTthattranslationislikelanguage ispurelyasocialphenomenon Newmark 2001 62 e g Nida Translatingiscommunicating Linguisticsbases Translationtheoryderivesfromcomparativelinguistics andwithlinguistics itismainlyanaspectofsemantics allquestionsofsemanticrelatetotranslationtheory Vygotsky Innerspeechisnottheinterioraspectofexternalspeech itisafunctioninitself Itistoalargeextentthinkinginpuringmeanings Thinkingprecedesspeechandwriting CommunicativeandSemantictranslation DefinitionComparisonofCT STSimilaritiesbetweenCT ST DefinitionofCTandST Communicativetranslationattemptstoproduceonitsreadersaneffectascloseaspossibletothatobtainedonthereadersoftheoriginal Semantictranslationattemptstorender ascloselyasthesemanticandsyntacticstructuresofthesecondlanguageallow theexactcontextualmeaningoftheoriginal SemanticTranslationVS LiteralTranslation Literaltranslation theprimarysensesofthelexicalwordsoftheoriginalaretranslatedasthoughoutofcontext butthesyntacticstructuresofthetargetlanguagearerespected ThebasicdifferenceisthatSTrespectscontext butliteraltranslationdoesnot Flat V diagram SourceLanguageBiasTargetLanguageBiasLiteralFreeFaithfulIdiomaticSemantic Communicative Conclusion STcombinestheadvantagesofword for word literal faithfultranslation whileCTcombinestheadvantagesofadaption freeandidiomatictranslation Itcanbecountedasthemostdesiredtranslationmethod ComparisonofCT ST Transmitter addresseefocusRelationtoSTUseofformofSLFormofTLAppropriateness Transmitter addresseefocus ST Focusonthethoughtprocessesofthetransmitterasanindividual shouldonlyhelpTTreaderwithconnotationsiftheyareacrucialpartofmessage CT Subjective TTreaderfocused orientedtowardsanspecificlanguageandculture RelationtoSourceText ST Always inferior toST lossofmeaning CT Maybe better thantheST gain offorceandclarityeveniflossofsemanticcontent UseofformofSL ST IfSTlanguagenormsdeviate thenthismustbereplicatedinTT loyaltytoSTauthor CT RespectfortheformoftheSL butoverriding loyalty toTLnorms FormofTargetLanguage ST morecomplex moreawkward moredetailed moreconcentrated ittendstoovertranslateCT smoother simpler clearer moredirect moreconventional conformingtoaparticularregisteroflanguage tendingtoundertranslate Appropriateness ST forseriousliterature autobiography personaleffusion anyimportantpolitical orother statement CT forthevastmajorityoftexts e g non literarywriting technicalandinformativetexts publicity standardizedtypes popularfiction TextTypes ExpressivetextsInformativetextsVocativetexts Wetpaint A 湿油漆 ST B 油漆未干 请勿触摸 CT 西游记 A JourneytotheWest ST B PilgrimagetotheWest CT 谋事在人 成事在天 A Manproposes Heavendisposes ST B Manproposes Goddisposes CT 这是七月下旬 合中国旧历的三伏 一年最热的时候 Ch ienChung shu 2010 1 ItwastowardtheendofJuly equivalenttothe san fu periodofthelunarcalendar thehottestdaysoftheyear KellyandMao 2003 1 ThroughtheLooking Glass 爱丽丝镜中奇遇记 Feather Isay Whydoyousay Feather sooften Aliceaskedatlast rathervexed I mnotabird Youare saidthesheep youarealittlegoose CT 撇桨呀 我说 阿丽思有点儿觉得她频气了 她就说 你干嘛老说 别讲 啊 我也没讲啊 什么没桨 那绵羊说 你手里摇的是什么 你简直是个笨猪 赵元任 ST 我说 羽毛 为什么你老是说 羽毛 爱丽丝觉得烦了 终于问道 我又不是禽鸟 你是禽鸟 绵羊说 你是只小鹅 王永年 父亲是前清举人 在本乡江南一个小县里做大绅士 Hisfatherhadpassedthesecond degreeexaminationunderManchuruleandwasaprominentsquireinhisnativedistrictsouthoftheYangtze KellyandMao 2003 8 Note ThetraditionalChinesecivilexaminationsystemofferedthreeacademicdegrees whichwereconductedatthreedifferentlevels thecountry orprefecture theprovince andthenationalcapital Successfulcandidatesatthesethreelevelswereknownrespectivelyashsiu ts ai chu jen andchin shih KellyandMao 2003 353 CT ST SimilaritiesbetweenCT ST Atranslationcanbemore orless semantic more orless communicative evenaparticularsectionorsentencecanbetreatedmorecommunicativelyorsemantically PeterNewmark 2001 40 SimilaritiesbetweenCT ST BothCT STarerootedincognitivetranslation CTandSTarebothsuitablefor 1 thetextconveysgeneralratherthanaculturally temporallyandspatially boundmessageandwhenthematterisimportantasthemanner 2 commonsenseortheinformationfreefromculturalrestrictions Comments 1 拓展了传统的直译和意译的概念 但其基本思维多少囿于传统的翻译二分法 没有脱离 忠实 的樊篱 进而提出 关联翻译法 2 翻译文本观 严复 天演论 3 实用性强4 规范性太强 strongprescriptivism 5 奈达与纽马克 Nidavs Newmark 奈达可以算是个意译派 侧重点 读者反映不足 试图把动态对等译论适用范围扩大化 使之成为一切翻译的准则 这就有点失之偏颇了 纽马克多少是个直译派侧重点 依据文本类型而定涉及面太广 谈得不深 不透