天津专用2019高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破十一主旨大意-标题归纳题课件.ppt

十一 主旨大意 标题归纳题 专题三第二节分类突破 真题感悟 名师点津 内容索引 随堂限时练 真题感悟 2018 6月天津 C There sanewfrontierin3Dprintingthat sbeginningtoeintofocus food Recentdevelopmenthasmadepossiblemachinesthatprint cook andservefoodsonamassscale Andtheindustryisn tstoppingthere FoodproductionWitha3Dprinter acookcanprintplicatedchocolatesculpturesandbeautifulpiecesfordecorationonaweddingcake Noteverybodycandothat ittakesyearsofexperience butaprintermakesiteasy ArestaurantinSpainusesaFoodinito re createformsandpieces offoodthatare exactlythesame freeingcookstopleteothertasks Inanotherrestaurant allofthedishesanddessertsitservesare3D printed ratherthanfarmtotable Sustainability 可持续性 Theglobalpopulationisexpectedtogrowto9 6billionby2050 andsomeanalystsestimatethatfoodproductionwillneedtoberaisedby50percenttomaintaincurrentlevels Sustainabilityisbeinganecessity 3Dfoodprintingcouldprobablycontributetothesolution Someexpertsbelieveprinterscouldusehydrocolloids 水解胶体 fromplentifulrenewableslikealgae 藻类 andgrasstoreplacethefamiliaringredients 烹饪原料 3Dprintingcanreducefueluseandemissions Grocerystoresofthefuturemightstock food thatlastsyearsonend freeingupshelfspaceandreducingtransportationandstoragerequirements NutritionFuture3Dfoodprinterscouldmakeprocessedfoodhealthier HodLipson aprofessoratColumbiaUniversity said Foodprintingcouldallowconsumerstoprintfoodwithcustomizednutritionalcontent likevitamins Soinsteadofeatingapieceofyesterday sbreadfromthesupermarket you deatsomethingbakedjustforyouondemand ChallengesDespiterecentadvancementsin3Dfoodprinting theindustryhasmanychallengestoovere Currently mostingredientsmustbechangedtoapaste 糊状物 beforeaprintercanusethem andtheprintingprocessisquitetime consuming becauseingredientsinteractwitheachotherinveryplexways Ontopofthat mostofthe3Dfoodprintersnowarerestrictedtodryingredients becausemeatandmilkproductsmayeasilygobad Someexpertsareskepticalabout3Dfoodprinters believingtheyarebettersuitedforfastfoodrestaurantsthanhomesandhigh endrestaurants 语篇解读 语篇解读本文是一篇科普说明文 主要介绍了3D食物打印机的优点和缺点 46 Whatbenefitdoes3Dprintingbringtofoodproduction A Ithelpscookstocreatenewdishes B Itsavestimeandeffortincooking C Itimprovesthecookingconditions D Itcontributestorestaurantdecorations 解析推理判断题 根据Foodproduction下的第二句中的 ittakesyearsofexperience butaprintermakesiteasy 可知 利用3D打印机打印食物省时省力 故答案为B 答案 解析 46 47 48 49 50 47 Whatcanwelearnabout3DfoodprintingfromParagraph3 A Itsolvesfoodshortageseasily B Itquickensthetransportationoffood C Itneedsnospaceforthestorageoffood D Itusesrenewablematerialsassourcesoffood 解析推理判断题 根据第三段中的 Someexpertsbelieveprinterscouldusehydrocolloids 水解胶体 fromplentifulrenewableslikealgae 藻类 andgrasstoreplacethefamiliaringredients 烹饪原料 可知 3D打印机用的是可再生材料 故D项正确 答案 解析 46 47 48 49 50 48 AccordingtoParagraph4 3D printedfood A ismoreavailabletoconsumersB canmeetindividualnutritionalneedsC ismoretastythanfoodinsupermarketsD cankeepallthenutritioninrawmaterials 解析推理判断题 根据第四段中的 Foodprintingcouldallowconsumerstoprintfoodwithcustomizednutritionalcontent likevitamins 可知 3D打印机打印食物可以满足个人的营养需求 故答案为B 答案 解析 46 47 48 49 50 49 Whatisthemainfactorthatprevents3Dfoodprintingfromspreadingwidely A Theprintingprocessisplicated B 3Dfoodprintersaretooexpensive C Foodmaterialshavetobedry D Someexpertsdoubt3Dfoodprinting 解析细节理解题 根据Challenges下的 Ontopofthat mostofthe3Dfoodprintersnowarerestrictedtodryingredients 可知 选项C正确 答案 解析 46 47 48 49 50 解析标题归纳题 本文介绍了一种美味的新科技 3D食物打印 故A项适合作文章标题 50 Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage A 3DFoodPrinting DeliciousNewTechnologyB ANewWaytoImprove3DFoodPrintingC TheChallengesfor3DFoodProductionD 3DFoodPrinting FromFarmtoTable 答案 解析 46 47 48 49 50 名师点津 一 题型解读记叙文 说明文和议论文三种文体所涉及的不同话题的阅读材料都会考查到标题归纳题 设问形式常有 1 Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage 2 Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage text 3 Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage 4 Themostsuitabletitleofthispassageis 一个好的标题应具备三大特点 概括 准确而又简短 针对性 标题外延正好与文章内容相符 醒目 能引发读者的阅读欲望 二 解题技巧1 高度概括 定标题 1 所选文章标题须能概括全文的中心内容 标题是文章的点睛之笔 是文章的灵魂和门面 为吸引读者的注意 标题往往比较醒目 2 一般文章的标题可根据主题句来判断 但在某些文章中 如记叙文 没有明确的主题句 需要根据文中的事实细节 查找文章的 主线 归纳出文章的主题 2 文章标题三特点 1 形式一般为单词 短语或句子 短语居多 2 短小精悍 精确性强 3 涵盖性强 能覆盖全文大意 例如 真题感悟 中第50题 要求概括标题 文章主要介绍了3D打印技术在食物上的应用取得了进展 但目前仍面临着许多方面的挑战 所以用标题 3DFoodPrinting DeliciousNewTechnology 考生做此题时一定要注意选项的内容必须要能概括整个文章的内容 不能以偏概全 如B C D选项的内容在文章中都有所涉及 但不足以概括全文 所以需要考生正确概括全文的主旨大意 随堂限时练 A 2018 天津十二区县二模 TearsofreliefandshoutsofjoyrangoutattheSanJoseMineinnorthernChilewhen33minerswereliftedtofreedom onebyone Themen rangingfrom19to63yearsold havebeenburiedalivesinceacaveinthecopperandgoldminetheywereworkingcollapsedonAugust5 2010 Itisthelongesttimeanyonehaseversurvivedbeingtrappedunderground Afterthecollapse themenfoundanemergencyshelteroffoneofthemine stunnels Thetemperatureinthedarkshelterwasaround90degreesFahrenheit Formorethantwoweeks theminers watercamefromthetanksontheirworkvehicles Theysharedasupplyoffoodthatwasmeanttolastforonly48hours TheminersweretotallyisolateduntilrescueteamsmadecontactwiththemenonAugust22 Theysentanotetothesurfaceexplainingtheirsituation Rescuersdrilledsmallholestoreachthecaveandsentdownsupplytubescontainingfood water clothes medicine freshairandothersupplies Theyalsoreceivedlettersfromtheirfamilies atelevisionsetandgames Additionalcollapsessloweddownrescueefforts Finally atunnelwasbuiltthatcouldfita13 footrescuecapsule 救生舱 calledthePheonix Theescapeholemeasures28inchesacross atightfitforthetwisting20minutes 2 041 footride ThefirstminerreachedthesurfacejustaftermidnightonOctober 13 Therescuemissionwasfasterthanexpected andall33menhadbeenbroughttosafetybylatethesameday TheminersweremetbyfamilymemberswhowerewaitingatCampHope asettlementoftentsnearthemine Chile spresident SebastianPinera cheeredatthesceneandhuggedtheminers Wemadeapromisenevertogiveup andwekeptit hesaid Afteranimmediatemedicalexam themenwereairliftedtothenearesthospitalfor48hoursofobservation 1 Howlongweretherescuedminerstrappedinthemine A About48hours B Abouttwoweeks C Onemonthandahalf D Morethantwomonths 解析细节理解题 根据第一段中的 acaveinthecopperandgoldminetheywereworkingcollapsed 倒塌 onAugust5 2010 和倒数第二段第四 五句 ThefirstminerreachedthesurfacejustaftermidnightonOctober 13 all33menhadbeenbroughttosafetybylatethesameday 可知 所有被营救出来的矿工已被困了两个多月 答案 解析 1 2 3 4 5 解析细节理解题 根据第二段第三句 Formorethantwoweeks theminers watercamefromthetanksontheirworkvehicles 可知 矿工们起初两个多星期饮用的水是作业车辆水箱中原先就有的 不属于救援工作 故选A 2 Whichofthefollowingdoesn tbelongtotherescuework A Thewaterfromthetanks B Smallholesdrilledtoreachthecave C Atunnelbuilttofixarescuecapsule D Letters gamesandaTVsetfromthesurface 答案 解析 1 2 3 4 5 解析推理判断题 根据最后一段第二句 Chile spresident SebastianPinera cheeredatthesceneandhuggedtheminers Wemadeapromisenevertogiveup andwekeptit hesaid 可知 智利总统对矿难非常关切 故选D 3 Whatcanwelearnfromthetext A AllminersreachedthesurfacejustaftermidnightonOctober13 B Thelossoftheminecollapse C Thehealthconditionofthetrappedminers D TheconcernofChile spresidentabouttheminecollapse 答案 解析 1 2 3 4 5 解析细节理解题 根据最后一段末句 Afteranimmediatemedicalexam themenwereairliftedtothenearesthospitalfor48hoursofobservation 可知矿工获救后被送往最近的医院进行为期两天的观察 故选C 4 Accordingtothetext therescuedminers A receivedmedicalexaminationinahospitalatfirstB couldgohomeimmediatelytheygotoutofthemineC hadtostayinahospitalfortwodaysbeforegoinghomeD feltrelievedtoseetheirfamilymemberstakengoodcareof 答案 解析 1 2 3 4 5 解析标题归纳题 本文主要描述了在营救者不懈的努力以及矿工们的顽强毅力下 智利矿难的营救工作取得了圆满成功 33名矿工在困于矿井两个多月后终于获救 这可以说是一个生命的奇迹 5 Thebesttitleforthetextshouldbe A DisasterattheMineB AMiracleattheMineC EffortsofGreatChileansD MiserableLifeofChileanMiners 答案 解析 1 2 3 4 5 B 2018 和平区二模 Sincethe1970s scientistshavebeensearchingforwaystolinkthebrainwithputers Brain puterinterface 界面 BCI technologycouldhelppeoplewithdisabilitiessendmandstomachines Recently tworesearchers JoseMilanandMicheleTavellafromtheFederalPolytechnicschoolinLausanne Switzerland demonstrated 展示 asmallroboticwheelchairdirectedbyaperson sthoughts Inthelaboratory Tavellaoperatedthewheelchairjustbythinkingaboutmovinghisleftorrighthand Hecouldeventalkashewatchedthevehicleandguideditwithhisthoughts Ourbrainhasbillionsofnerveceils Thesesendsignalsthroughthespinalcord 脊髓 tothemusclestogiveustheabilitytomove Butspinalcordinjuriesorotherconditionscanpreventtheseweakelectricalsignalsfromreachingthemuscles Tavellasays Oursystemallowsdisabledpeopletomunicatewithexternalworldandalsotocontroldevices Theresearchersdesignedaspecialcapfortheuser Thisheadcoverpicksupthesignalsfromthescalp 头皮 andsendsthemtoaputer Theputerinterpretsthesignalsandmandsthemotorizedwheelchair Thewheelchairalsohastwocamerasthatidentifyobjectsinitspath Theyhelptheputerreacttomandsfromthebrain Prof Milan theteamleader saysscientistskeepimprovingtheputersoftwarethatinterpretsbrainsignalsandturnsthemintosimplemands ThepracticalpossibilitiesthatBCItechnologyofferstodisabledpeoplecanbegroupedintwocategories munication andcontrollingdevices Oneexampleisthiswheelchair Hesayshisteamhassettwogoals Oneistestingwithrealpatients soastoprovethatthisisatechnologytheycanbenefitfrom Andtheotheristoguaranteethattheycanusethetechnologyoverlongperiodsoftime 解析细节理解题 根据第一段可知 人类一直在寻找把人脑和电脑联系在一起的方法 BCI可以帮助残疾人向机器发布命令 由此可知 BCI是一种可以连接人脑和电脑的技术 6 BCIistechnologythatcan A helptoupdateputersystemsB linkthehumanbrainwithputersC helpthedisabledtorecoverD controlaperson sthoughts 答案 解析 6 7 8 9 10 7 HowdidTavellaoperatethewheelchairinthelaboratory A Bycontrollinghismuscles B Bytalkingtothemachine C Bymovinghishand D Byusinghismind 解析细节理解题 根据第三段第一句 Inthelaboratory Tavellaoperatedthewheelchairjustbythinkingaboutmovinghisleftorrighthand 可知 特维拉通过想着移动左手或右手 就可以操作轮椅了 说明他通过思维来控制轮椅 答案 解析 6 7 8 9 10 8 WhichofthefollowingshowsthepathofthesignalsdescribedinParagraph5 A scalp puter cap wheelchairBputer cap scalp wheelchairC scalp cap puter wheelchairD cap puter scalp wheelchair 答案 解析 6 7 8 9 10 解析细节理解题 根据第五段第前三句 Theresearchersdesignedaspecialcapfortheuser Thisheadcoverpicksupthesignalsfromthescalp 头皮 andsendsthemtoaputer Theputerinterpretsthesignalsandmandsthemotorizedwheelchair 可知 首先头皮接收人的思想信号 接着特殊的帽子从头皮上获取信息 再传到计算机上 最终计算机操作轮椅移动 6 7 8 9 10 9 Theteamwilltestwithrealpatientsto A makeprofitsfromthemB provethetechnologyusefultothemC makethemlivelongerD learnabouttheirphysicalcondition 解析细节理解题 根据最后一段第二句 Oneistestingwithrealpatients soastoprovethatthisisatechnologytheycanbenefitfrom 可知 他们把这个技术运用于真正的病人身上是为了证明这个技术对病人有用 答案 解析 6 7 8 9 10 解析标题归纳题 文章第一段第二句 Brain puterinterface 界面 BCI technologycouldhelppeoplewithdisabilitiessendmandstomachines 指出BCI是一种可以连接人脑和电脑的技术 未来它能够帮助残疾人自由活动 文章的其他部分则叙述了与之相关的研究信息 故C项为最佳标题 10 Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext A Switzerland theBCIResearchCenterB NewFindingsAboutHowtheHumanBrainWorksC BCICouldMeanMoreFreedomfortheDisabledD RoboticVehiclesCouldHelptoCureBrainInjuries 答案 解析 6 7 8 9 10