天津专用2019高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破六推理判断-写作意图题课件.ppt

六 推理判断 写作意图题 专题三第二节分类突破 真题感悟 名师点津 内容索引 随堂限时练 真题感悟 2018 北京 C Plastic EatingWormsHumansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills 垃圾填埋场 andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene whichaccountsfor40 ofplastics Theteamleft100waxwormsonamercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams oralmost3 ofit Toconfirmthattheworms chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste 糊状物 andappliedittoplasticfilms 14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13 oftheirmass apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes 酶 fromtheworms stomachs TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin2017 FedericaBertocchini co authorofthestudy saystheworms abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood beeswax alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic Waxisaplexmixture butthebasicbondinpolyethylene thecarbon carbonbond isthereaswell sheexplains Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond JenniferDeBruyn amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene Butparedwithpreviousstudies shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting Thenextstep DeBruynsays willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes 肠道微生物 语篇解读本文是一篇说明文 作者介绍了一项科学发现 一种吃塑料的虫子 大蜡螟 它胃中的酶能够降解塑料 从而为人们解决塑料污染问题提供新的途径 Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteam sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess notsimply millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic 语篇解读 解析推理判断题 根据第二段第一句 foundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene 和第二句中的 thewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams 可知 研究人员在研究中发现大蜡螟蠕虫可以分解塑料中的聚乙烯 显然也可以分解垃圾中的塑料 与选项C中提到的 吃塑料 吻合 43 Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy A Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood B Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures C Theycanconsumeplastics D Theywindupinlandfills 答案 解析 44 AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn thenextstepofthestudyisto A identifyothermeansofthebreakdownB findoutthesourceoftheenzymeC confirmtheresearchfindingsD increasethebreakdownspeed 解析细节理解题 根据第四段最后两句 Thenextstep Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes 肠道微生物 可知 接下来人们需要证实的就是酶是从哪里产生的 选项B 查明酶的来源 与此吻合 答案 解析 解析推理判断题 根据最后一段第二句 Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess notsimply millionsofworms 可知 研究人员期望在某种工业流程中使用这种化学制品 而不仅仅是把数百万的虫子扔到塑料上 这与选项D中提到的 今后工厂可能生产这种化学制品 吻合 45 Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthechemicalmight A helptoraisewormsB helpmakeplasticbagsC beusedtocleantheoceansD beproducedinfactoriesinfuture 答案 解析 解析写作意图题 作者通过本文介绍了一项消除塑料垃圾的研究 显然是为人们提供了一条清除塑料垃圾的新途径 选项C与此意吻合 46 Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage A Toexplainastudymethodonworms B Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm C Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics D Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco balance 答案 解析 名师点津 一 题型解读各种话题的阅读材料都可能考查写作目的 意图题 设问形式常有 1 整篇文章的写作目的 意图 1 Thewriterwritesthispassageinorderto 2 Thepurposeofthetextisto 3 Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage 4 Thewriterofthestorywantstotellusthat 2 某处细节的写作目的 意图 1 Thewriteruses inthefirstparagraphto 2 Thewriterusestheexampleof to 3 Theauthorwritesthelastparagraphinorderto 二 解题技巧1 文体特点推意图 1 记叙文 一般会在首段或尾段出现高度概括的总结性语言 且往往有一定的哲理性 所有的叙述都是围绕该哲理展开的 2 应用文 文章中有对某种物品或服务的详尽介绍 使用具有明显支持倾向的语言 3 说明文 写作目的有赖于对文章主旨的把握 阅读时需要找准主题句 4 议论文 提出论点 进行论证 得出结论 作者的意图往往隐含于最后一部分中 2 看写作手法找答案 1 在文章开头提出问题或介绍与主题有关的其他事物时答案中往往会含有tobringin tointroducethetopic等字眼 2 举例或引用某人的话时答案中往往会含有tosupport toshow 例如 真题感悟 中的第46题 文章为说明文 主要介绍了一项新的研究发现 蠕虫可以分解塑料 因此可以推断该篇文章的写作意图是告诉读者一种新的分解塑料的方法 随堂限时练 A 2018 天津部分区县二模 Areyousickofgoingtobedlateandwakinguptired Thengrabyourhikingbootsandatent Anewstudysuggeststhatacoupledaysofcampinginthegreatoutdoorscanresetyourcircadianclockandhelpyougetmoresleep Thecircadianclock moremonlyknownasthebodyclock isaninternalsystemthattellsourbodieswhenit stimetogotosleepandwhenit stimetogotowakeup Scientiststrackthisclockbymeasuringtheamountofmelatonin 褪黑激素 circulatinginaperson sbloodatanygiventime Inahealthysleeper melatoninlevelsriseafewhoursbeforebedtime stayhighthroughthenight andthensettlebackdownwhenit stimetowakeup Inourmodernsociety however mostofusstayupmanyhourspastsunsetandwouldprobablysleepinmanyhoursaftersunriseifwecould Andthetroubleis yourmelatoninlevelsmaystillbehighwhenyouralarmclockgoesoffinthemorning whichleadstogrogginess Itmayalsohaveotherhealthconsequencesaswell suchasdiabetes 糖尿病 overweightandheartdisease ProfessorKennethWrightoftheUniversityofColoradointheUSwantedtoseeifourbodyclockscanberesetbyashortstayinnature Histeamrecruited14physicallyactivevolunteersintheir20sand30s Ninewentonaweekendcampingtrip whiletheotherfivestayedhome Attheendoftheweekend theresearchersreportedthatinjusttwodays thecampers bodyclockshadshiftedsothattheirmelatoninlevelsbegantorisemorethananhourearlierthantheydidbeforetheyleftonthetrip Bycontrast thebodyclocksofthegroupthatstayedhomeshiftedevenlateroverthecourseoftheweekend Thistellsuswecanresetourclocksfast Wrightsaid Therefore ifyouwanttochangeyoursleeppatterns youcouldtrytoincreaseyourexposuretonaturelightduringthedayanddecreasetheamountofartificiallightyouseeatnight Andifthatdoesn twork there salwayscamping 1 Theauthorwrotethisarticlemainlyto A explainwhyitisbadforourhealthnottosleepenoughB informusofapossiblewaytoadjustthecircadianclockC analyzehowthecircadianclockinfluencesoursleepinghabitsD explorehowthecircadianclockisconnectedwithmelatoninlevels 解析写作意图题 根据文章内容 Anewstudysuggeststhatacoupledaysofcampinginthegreatoutdoorscanresetyourcircadianclockandhelpyougetmoresleep 可知 作者写作本文主要是告诉我们一种调整生物钟的可行的方法 答案 解析 1 2 3 4 5 解析词义猜测题 根据画线词所在句 Andthetroubleis yourmelatoninlevelsmaystillbehighwhenyouralarmclockgoesoffinthemorning whichleadstogrogginess 和第三段内容可知 褪黑激素是促进睡眠的 如果早上闹钟响起而体内褪黑激素依然保持较高水平 那么人应该是会感到疲劳的 故可推知 grogginess 指的是 疲劳 2 Theunderlinedword grogginess inParagraph4probablymeans A tirednessB excitementC refreshmentD pressure 答案 解析 1 2 3 4 5 解析篇章结构题 根据文章内容可知 作者是将待在室内与待在室外的人进行比较 得出的结论 bycategorization归类 byparison比较 bytheorderoftime按时间顺序 bytheorderofspace按空间顺序 3 Howdoestheauthordevelopthepassage A Bycategorization B Byparison C Bytheorderoftime D Bytheorderofspace 答案 解析 1 2 3 4 5 解析细节理解题 根据文章第六段的内容可知 通过对比两组人群的睡眠表现发现 那些待在户外的人可以在短时间内调整好生物钟 4 WhatdidWright steamdiscoverfromtheirexperiment A Thebodyclocksofthetwogroupsdidn tshowmuchdifference B Thebodyclocksofthosewhostayedhomeremainedthesame C Thosestayingoutdoorsresettheclockinsidetheirbodiesoverashortperiod D Changestothecircadianclockdon tnecessarilyaffectmelatoninlevelsinourbodies 答案 解析 1 2 3 4 5 解析细节理解题 根据最后一段可知 我们可以通过待在户外 接触更多的自然光以及夜晚减少照射人造光来改变我们的睡眠习惯 5 Accordingtothearticle we dbettertoimproveoursleepinghabit A spendweekssleepingoutdoorsB trytoreducemelatoninlevelsatnightC setanalarmclocktogooffeverymorningD exposeourselvestomorenaturelightinthedayandlessartificiallightatnight 答案 解析 1 2 3 4 5 B 2018 河西区一模 OneeveningIwentoutandleftmy17 year oldsoninchargeofhis8 year oldbrotherand4 year oldsister Onthisoccasion theworkwasmadelesstroublesomebythepresenceofhisgirlfriend Ileftwithpleteconfidencethattheolderchildrenwoulddoawonderfuljobofbabysittingtheyoungerchildren Later IdiscoveredthatpleteconfidencewasthelastthingIshouldhavelefthomewith Ihaddecidedtoreturnhomeearlierthanplannedsothatmysonandhisgirlfriendcouldgoout Icalledhomewiththishappynews Butinsteadofhearinghischeerful gratefulvoiceontheotherendoftheline allIheardwasthesoundofatelephoneringing Itwas Ishouldpointout after10p m whenthetwoyoungerchildrenshouldhavebeeninbed andwhenthetwoolderchildrenshouldhavebeenansweringthephone I llgivehimalesson Isaid Idecidedtheymustbeoutside Whytheymightbeoutsideat10 30onawinternight Ihadnoidea butitwastheonlyexplanationIcouldeupwith Finally indesperation Icalledhisgirlfriend shouse Afterwhatseemedlikecountlessrings hisgirlfriendanswered Yes shesaidbrightly He srighthere Hecametothephone Iwasnotmyusualcalm rationalself Afterall oneoftherulesofsurvivalformodernparentsisthatyoucan ttrustmodernteenagers Wherearethechildren Isaid Hesaidtheywerewithhim Theyhaddonenothingwrong Mysonhadtakentheyoungerchildrenovertohisgirlfriend shousejustforicecreamandcake Thiswastoogoodtobebelieved Well itturnedoutthatIshouldn thavebelievedit Itwasonlypartofthetruth ThefollowingSaturdayeveningwewereatmyparents home celebratingmybirthday Myoldestsongavemethechildren sgifts Mountedandframedwereaseriesoflovelycolorphotographsofmychildren dressedintheirbestclothes andwearingtheirmostwonderfulexpressions Theyarepicturestotreasurealifetime alltakenbythefatherofmyson sgirlfriend 6 Theauthorwentoutandlefthereldestsoninchargeoftheyoungerchildrenbecause A sheknewthathereldestsonwasagoodbaby sitterB shethoughtitnohardworktotakecareoftheyoungeronesC shebelievedhecoulddowellwithhisgirlfriend shelpD shecouldnotfindababy sitteronthatwinternight 答案 解析 6 7 8 9 10 解析细节理解题 根据第一段第二 三句 Onthisoccasion theworkwasmadelesstroublesomebythepresenceofhisgirlfriend Ileftwithpleteconfidencethattheolderchildrenwoulddoawonderfuljobofbabysittingtheyoungerchildren 可知 作者离开时非常自信 认为在他女朋友的帮助下 年纪大的孩子可以照顾好小孩子 6 7 8 9 10 7 Whentheauthorcalledhomethatevening shefoundthat A therewasnooneansweringthetelephoneB thechildrenwerepreparingabirthdaygiftforherC hersonwasquarrellingwithhisgirlfriendD hersonhadbroughthisgirlfriendhome 解析细节理解题 由第二段最后一句 allIheardwasthesoundofatelephoneringing 可知 作者听到的只有电话铃声 家里没人接电话 答案 解析 6 7 8 9 10 8 AccordingtoParagraph3 it means A thetwoyoungerchildrenhavebeeninbedB theolderchildrenhavebeenansweringthephoneC theauthorwillgiveheroldersonalessonD theoldersonwentoutsidewithhisgirlfriend 解析代词指代题 根据第三段中的 Idecidedtheymustbeoutside Whytheymightbeoutsideat10 30onawinternight 可知 it指的是作者的大儿子和他的女朋友出去了 答案 解析 6 7 8 9 10 9 Whatmightthechildrendothatevening A Theyhadabirthdayparty B Theyhadtheirpicturestaken C Theyframedsomephotographs D Theymadesomebeautifulclothes 解析推理判断题 根据文章最后一段 作者收到的孩子们的礼物是一些照片 alltakenbythefatherofmyson sgirlfriend 而且这些照片都是儿子女朋友的爸爸拍的 可见吃冰淇淋和蛋糕并不是孩子们做的所有的事情 他们还给妈妈准备了生日礼物 答案 解析 6 7 8 9 10 10 Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusbythestory A Modernteenagersarenotworthtrusting B Itisnoeasyjobtolookafteryoungchildren C Itisnogoodtohaveagirlfriendatanearlyage D Herchildrenhaveacaringandtenderheart 解析写作目的题 文章通过描述了孩子们为妈妈精心准备珍贵的照片作为生日礼物 说明孩子们的关心和体贴 答案 解析 6 7 8 9 10