2019年高考英语总复习 第一部分 教材梳理 Unit 5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero课件 新人教版必修1.ppt

Unit5 NelsonMandela amodernhero 核心单词 mean meaning meaningful 1 adj 吝啬的 自私的 卑鄙的 vt 意思是 意 味着 n 意义 含义 adj 有意义的 意味深长的 active actively activity 2 adj 积极的 活跃的 adv 积极地 n 活动 generous generously generosity 3 adj 慷慨的 大方的 adv 慷慨地 大方地 n 慷慨 大方 4 vt 与to连用 献身 专心于 adj 忠实的 深爱的 n 忠诚 热爱5 vt 建立 建设 n 建立 奠基 基础 devote devoted devotion found 6 adj 和平的 平静的 安宁的 n 和平 foundation peaceful peace guidance 7 n 指导 领导 vt 指导 指挥 n 导游 指南 guide hopeful hopefully hope hopeless 8 adj 怀有希望的 有希望的 adv 有希望地 v n 希望 adj 没希望的 9 vt vi 投票 选举 n 投票 选票 表决 10 vt 进攻 攻击 抨击 vote attack 11 adj 相等的 平等的 adv 平等地 公平地 n 平等 equal equally equality 12 adj 乐意的 自愿的 n 愿意 乐意 willing willingness unfair fair escape 13 adj 不公正的 不公平的 adj 公平的 14 vi vt 逃脱 逃走 避开 educate 15 vt 教育 训练 adj 受过教育的 有教养的 n 教育 educated education beg beggar terror terrible 16 vi 请求 乞求 n 乞丐17 n 恐怖 可怕的人 恐怖时期 恐怖活动 adj 可怕的 cruelty cruel 18 n 残忍 残酷 adj 残忍的 残酷的 reward rewarding sentence 19 n 报酬 奖金 vt 酬劳 奖赏 adj 有回报的 president 20 vt 判决 宣判21 n 总统 会长 校长 行长 常考短语 work League matter fact 1 outof 失业 blow trouble 2 Youth 青年团3 asa of 事实上 4 up使充气 爆炸 turn heart 5 in 在危险 受罚 痛苦 忧虑等的处境中 e power 6 to求助于 致力于7 lose 丧失勇气或信心 set 8 to 当权 上台 9 up设立 建立 sentenced 10 be to被判处 徒刑 11 inone s 在某人看来 opinion 经典佳句 as soon as I could 1 WhenheorganizedtheANCYouthLeague Ijoinedit 当他组织了非国大青年联盟时 我马上就参加了这个组织 2 onlythen toanswer violencewithviolence 只有到那个时候 我们才决定用暴力 反抗暴力 did we decide should have been asleep 3 Hetaughtusduringthelunchbreaksandtheeveningswhenwe 他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上本来该睡觉的时间教我们学习 4 Ifeltbad Italkedtoagroup 第一次给旅行团作讲解时 我的心情很不好 the first time 课文回顾 fought equal to out that DoyouknowtheformerpresidentofSouthAfrica NelsonMandela He1 fight fortheblackpeopleandwasinprisonforthirtyyears Hehelpedtheblackpeopletoget 2 equality rightsasthewhitepeople advise Eliaswasastudentinaschool Becausehisfamilycouldn tcontinue3 paytheschoolfees hehadtodropoutofschool Thenhefoundajobinagoldmineandhewasworriedwhetherhewouldbe4 ofwork Itwasduringthisdifficultperiodoftime5 hemetNelsonMandelaforthefirsttime whohadopenedalawfirmto6 advice poor tovote wereput violence blow blackpeopleontheirproblems Atthattime blackpeoplehadnorights7 vote andtheirlifewasdecidedbythewhites NelsonMandelasaidtoEliasthatthey8 put intoapositioninwhichtheyhadeithertoaccepttheywerelessimportant orfightthegovernment Sohedecidedtouse9 violent ThoughEliasdidn tlikeviolence hehelpedNelsonMandela10 blow upgovernmentbuildings Heknewitwasdangeroustodoit buthealsoknewitwouldhelptorealizetheirdreamofmakingblackandwhitepeopleequal 单句语法填空1 2017年北京卷 完形填空 ShestartedtheLadybug found anorganizationaimingatgettingridof homelessness Foundation beingpunished educated 2 Whoeverbreaksthelawwon tescape punish 3 Thepeoplewhoworkherearewell educate andopen minded attacking 4 Thereisanewspaperarticle attack thePrimeMinister violence haveseen of 5 The violent andbadlanguageintheprogram shockedmanyoftheviewers selfless 6 Thelast10years see greatchangesinChina 7 Weliketodealwiththatpanyfortheirproductsare highquality for Devoting 8 Asasoldier heshowed self devotiontoduty 9 Isenthimabookinreward histimelyhelp 10 devote herselftoteachingthedeafchildren theyoungladyhaslittletimetocareforherowndaughter vt 意思是 意味 1 meanadj 吝啬的 自私的 卑鄙的着 打算bemeanwith oversth 对某物吝啬bemeantosb 对某人吝啬 自私meantodosth 打算做某事meandoingsth 意味着做某事 联想发散 meansn 方式 手段 单复数形式相同 bymeansof用 的办法 byallmeans一定 尽一切办法bynomeans决不 byanymeans无论如何 toadd asking 运用 单句语法填空 1 Sheisalwaysselfishandismean others 2 Hewasborninapoorfamilyandhasalwaysbeenmean money 3 Sorry Ididn tmean add toyourtrouble 4 Hisingmeans ask formoremoneyfromme to with over 2 devotevt 与to连用 献身 专心于 devoteoneself one slife time money energy to doing sth 把 献给 把 用在 上 bedevotedto doing sth 专心致志于 忠于 devotionn 深爱 热爱 与for连用 忠实 专心 与to连 用 devotedadj 忠实的 深爱的 联想发散 以下短语中to是介词 后接名词或动名词 lookforwardtosth doingsth 期盼做某事objecttosth doingsth 反对做某事 be getusedtosth doingsth 习惯做某事payattentiontosth doingsth 注意做某事getdowntosth doingsth 开始做某事beaccustomedtosth doingsth 习惯某事 preparing Devoted devotion 运用 单句语法填空 1 Beforetheexam Idevotedmyselfto prepare forit 2 devote tohisteaching hehasnotimetospendaweekendwithhisfamily 3 Frommyfirstjobattherestaurant Ilearnedteamworkand devote 3 escapevi vt 逃脱 逃走 避开 被遗忘escape doing sth 逃避 做 某事escapefrom从 逃脱 逃离fireescape安全通口 太平门 narrowescape死里逃生 九死一生 名师指津 escape表示 逃避 时 一般是及物动词 后常接抽象名词或动名词 表示 从 逃走 时 后接地点名词 一般要加from 后面接某人时 表示 被遗忘 beingkilled from beingpunished 运用 单句语法填空 1 Itissaidthathenarrowlyescaped kill intheaccidenttheotherday 2 Atlast heescaped histroubleanddepression 3 Whoeverbreaksthelawwon tescape punish 4 rewardn 报酬 资金 回报vt 酬劳 奖赏 奖励inrewardfor为奖赏 为报答 asarewardfor作为对 的奖赏 回报rewardsb forsth 因某事而奖赏 酬谢某人rewardsb withsth 用某物回报某人rewardingadj 值得做的 有益的 有回报的 辨析 reward和award 1 reward指奖金或一些非金钱类的报酬 多指因对方的工作 服务 帮助而给予的报酬或奖赏 做动词时常用搭配 rewardsb for doing sth 因 做 某事奖励某人 2 award指奖品 奖金 与prize用法相同 做动词时意为 授予 颁发 常用搭配 awardsb sth awardsth tosb 向某人颁发某物 运用 单句语法填空 1 Shestartedsingingtothebabyand reward withasmile wasrewarded 2 I dliketodosomethinginreward herkindness 3 Whenaskedforhisviewsaboutteachingjob Mikesaidhefounditinterestingand reward for rewarding 1 outofwork失业 outofbreath上气不接下气outofcontrol失去控制 outoforder次序颠倒 发生故障outofbalance失去平衡outofdate过时 outofquestion毫无疑问outofpatience不耐烦 outoforder outofquestion 名师指津 以上词组中的名词前都没有冠词 运用 用outof相关短语填空 1 Themachinewent becauseofimproperuse 2 Itis thatIwillwritetoyou 3 Hehasbeen fortwoyearsandhasnomoneytosupporthisfamilynow outofwork 2 introuble在危险 受罚 痛苦 忧虑等的处境中getintotrouble遇到麻烦 出事 陷入困境havetroubleindoingsth 做某事有困难 havetroublewithsth 有 麻烦 有 疾病takethetroubletodosth 不怕困难尽力做某事 写作佳句 Pleasedon thesitatetoturntousforhelpwheneveryouhave troublewithyourstudy 无论什么时候在学习中遇到困难 请马上找我们帮忙 using in 运用 单句语法填空 1 Weoftenhavetroublein use neutralpensbecauseofitslimitedinkandotherinconvenience 2 Itisagoodfeelingtohelpsomeone trouble 3 turnto求助于 致力于 转向 变成 开始行动 着 手工作 turnaway不让进入 把脸转开 turndown调低 温度 音量等 拒绝turnup调高 温度 音量等 露面 出现turnoff关掉 开关等 turnon打开 开关等 turnout tobe 结果是turnover翻身 翻转 一词多义 1 However whenitissomethingbeyondmypetence I turntomyclassmatesorteachersforhelp 求助于 2 Afterheleftuniversity hebecameateacher butlater turnedtojournalism 开始从事 3 Youshouldn talwaysturntothedictionarywhenyoumeet newwordsinreading 查阅 4 PleaseturntoPage40 翻到 up away down out to 运用 用适当的介词或副词填空 1 Weinvitedhertodinnerbutshedidn tevenbothertoturn 2 Howcanyouturn fromasoldierwhowaswounded 3 Idon tunderstandwhytheyturn mysuggestion 4 Thoughitlookedlikerainthismorning ithasturned afineday 5 Wecanturn himforhelp 4 loseheart丧失勇气或信心 灰心 泄气putone sheartinto一心扑在 上learnsth byheart背诵 记牢 strike intoone sheart使 刻骨铭心heartandsoul全心全意地 fromthebottomofone sheart从某人的心底 名师指津 loseheart中的heart前不能加the或one s之类的限定词 from 运用 单句语法填空 1 Thoughbeatenbytheoppositeteam theydidn t loss heart 2 Asamatteroffact nothingistoodifficultifyouputyourheart it 3 Thankyou thebottomofmyheartforyourgenerousdonations lose into 原句1 Thelastthirtyyearshaveseenthegreatestnumberof lawsstoppingourrightsandprogress untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall 过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利 阻挡了我们的进步 一直到今天 我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段 在该句中stage表示抽象的地点 在定语从句中做地点状语 故用where来引导 类似的名词还有case point situation occasion position等 运用 完成句子 每空一词 1 我们处在一个可能会损失大量金钱的境地 Wearein wemaylosealarge sumofmoney a position where 2 他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面 Hegotinto itwashardto decidewhatwasrightandwrong a situation where 3 事情已发展到双方家长必须被叫来的程度 Theaccidenthasreachedto bothoftheirparentsaretobecalledin a stage where 原句2 onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewith violence 只有到这个时候 我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力 该句为only引导的倒装句 only置于句首修饰做状语的副词或介词短语时 句子要倒装 only置于句首修饰状语从句时 主句要用倒装语序 从句不用倒装语序 运用 同义句转换 每空一词 1 IrealizedknowledgeisvaluableonlywhenIhadanother failureinmyjob seeking did I realize It is that OnlywhenIhadanotherfailureinmyjob seeking knowledgeisvaluable onlywhenIhadanotherfailureinmyjob seeking Irealizedknowledgeisvaluable 2 Thechildrencangrowupmentallyandphysicallyhealthy onlyinthisway can the children Onlyinthisway growupmentallyandphysicallyhealthy 原句3 IfeltbadthefirsttimeItalkedtoagroup 第一次给 旅行团作讲解时 我的心情很不好 句中的thefirsttime是名词短语 在此做从属连词 引导时间状语从句 意为 第一次 时 名词短语或副词用作从属连词的还有 themoment theminute theinstant immediately directly instantly一 就 eachtime everytime每当 的时候 运用 完成句子 每空一词 1 第一次看这本书时 我感动得热泪盈眶 Ireadthebook Iwasmoved totears The first time Immediately 2 电影一结束 他们就走出了电影院 thefilmwasover theywentoutofthecinema 3 每次在公园里看到这位老人时 他都在专注地看报 Iseetheoldmaninthepark heisabsorbedinreadingnewspapers Every Each time 运用所学语言基础知识 补充完整下面短文 并背诵下来Wehave1 reach astage2 wemusttakeeffective3 measure toprotecttheenvironmentfrom4 go badto5 bad Now anyonewhodoesharm6 ourenvironmentwon tescape7 punish Andourjointefforts8 witness quiteafewchangesinrecentyears Theairquality 9 isshowninthereport hasimproved10 gradual reached where measures going worse to beingpunished havewitnessed as gradually 阅读理解 一 阅读理解八个常考点解读之1 2 1 篇首尾 段首尾 文章的主题句经常出现在首段 段落的主题句经常出现在段首 另外 首段的末句或第二段的首句也是文章主题句的常设处 文章的尾段或段落的结尾一般会是概括或总结性的陈述 经常会得出某种结论或提出某项建议 因此 文章的篇首 篇尾 段首和段尾处经常被作为篇章阅读设题的主要题眼 而且大多是考查对文章或段落主旨的理解 考生需要特别注意的是 一段之尾 如果有 however but 等表转折的词语 后面往往是作者要强调的内容 即有可能是文章的主题句 例 2016年四川卷 InthedepthsoftheFrenchGuianeserainforest therestill remainunusualgroupsofindigenous 土著的 people Surprisingly thesepeoplelivelargelybytheirownlawsandtheirownsocialcustoms Andyet peopleinthisareaareinfactFrenchcitizens becauseithasbeenacolony 殖民地 oftheFrenchRepublicsince 1946 Intheory theyshouldlivebytheFrenchlaw However theirremotelocationsmeanthattheFrenchlawisoftenignoredorunknown thusmakingthemintoaninterestingareaof lawlessness intheworld ThelivesofthesepeoplehavefinallybeenrecordedthankstotheeffortsofaFrenchmanfromPariscalledGin Ginspentfivemonthsinearly2015exploringthemostremotecornersofthisarea whichsitsontheedgeoftheAmazonrainforest withhalfitspopulationofonly250 000livinginitscapital Cayenne IhaveaspeciallovefortheFrenchGuianesepeople Ihaveworkedthereonandoffforalmosttenyears saysGin I ve beenabletokeepfirmfriendshipswiththem ThusIhavebeenallowedtogainaccesstotheirlivingenvironment Idon tseeitasalawlessland ButratherIseeitasanareaoffreedom Iwantedtoshowtheaudienceaphotographicrecordtouchingupontheuncivilizedlife continuesGin Ipreferto workinblackandwhite whichallowsmetoshowdifferentspecificworldsmoreclearly Hisblack and whitepicturespresentaworldalmostlostintime Thesepicturesshowpeopleseeminglypushedintoaworldthattheywereunpreparedfor Theselocalcitizensnowhavetobalancetheirtraditionalself supportinghuntinglifestylewiththelifestyleofferedbythemodernFrenchRepublic whichbringswithitnotonlynecessarystatewelfare butalsoalcoholism betrayalandevensuicide 29 GinintroducedthespecialworldoftheindigenousGuianeseas A atourguideC afilmdirector B ageographerD aphotographer 解析 D 推理判断题 根据第四段第一句 Iwantedto showtheaudienceaphotographicrecordtouchingupontheuncivilizedlife 我想展示给观众一个摄影记录 让他们触摸到不文明的生活 和第五段第一句 Hisblack and whitepicturespresentaworldalmostlostintime 他的黑白照片呈现了一个几乎消失在时间里的世界 可知他是一个摄影师 故选D AnideathatstartedinSeattle spubliclibraryhasspreadthroughoutAmericaandbeyond Theconceptissimple helptobuildasenseofmunityinacitybygettingeveryonetoreadthesamebookatthesametime Inadditiontoencouragingreadingasapursuit 追求 tobe enjoyedbyall theprogramallowedstrangerstomunicatebydiscussingthebookonthebus aswellaspromotingreadingasanexperiencetobesharedinfamiliesandschools TheideacamefromSeattlelibrarianNancyPearlwholaunchedthe IfAllofSeattleReadtheSameBook projectin1998 Heroriginalprogramused authorvisits studyguidesandbookdiscussiongroupstobringpeopletogetherwithabook buttheideahassinceexpandedtomanyotherAmericancities andeventoHongKong InChicago themayorappearedontelevisiontoannouncethechoiceofToKillaMockingbirdasthefirstbookinthe OneBook One Chicago program As a result reading clubs and neighborhoodgroupsspranguparoundthecity AcrosstheU S storiesemergedofparentsandchildrenreadingtoeachotheratnightandstrangerschattingawayonthebusaboutplotsandcharacters TheonlyproblemaroseinNewYork wherelocalreaderscouldnotdecideononebooktorepresentthehugeanddiversepopulation Thismayshowthattheideaworksbestinmedium sizedcitiesorlargetowns whereagreatersenseofunity 一致 canbeachieved OritmayshowthatNewYorkersrather missedthepoint puttingalltheirenergyandpassionintothechoiceofthebookratherthandiscussionaboutabookitself Ultimately asNancypointedout thelevelofsuccesswasnotmeasuredbyhowmanypeoplereadabook butbyhowmanypeoplewereenrichedbytheprocess orenjoyedspeakingtosomeonewithwhomtheywouldnototherwisehavesharedaword 1 WhatisthepurposeoftheprojectlaunchedbyNancy A Toinviteauthorstoguidereaders B Toencouragepeopletoreadandshare C Toinvolvepeopleinmunityservice D Topromotethefriendshipbetweencities 解析 B 细节理解题 根据文章第二段的第一句可知 Nancy发起这个项目的目的是鼓励人们阅读并进行分享 故选B 2 转折 作者常常会借用转折连词或副词来引出某项重要的事实或观点 转折词之后的内容往往表达的是作者真实的写作目的 观点或态度 因此出题人经常会围绕转折词前后内容来设题 常见的表示转折关系的连词或副词有however but yet nevertheless whereas while though although等 另外 indeed infact也常常用来表示前后语义的转折 很显然 转折词后的句子 与文章的写作意图 目的及主题关系极大 例 2016年浙江卷 Ascientistworkingatherlabbenchandasix month oldbabyplayingwithhisfoodmightseemtohavelittleinmon After all thescientistisengagedinseriousresearchtouncovertheverynatureofthephysicalworld andthebabyis well justplaying right Perhaps butsomedevelopmentalpsychologists 心理学家 havearguedthatthis play ismorelikeascientific investigationthanonemightthink Takeacloserlookatthebabyplayingatthetable Eachtimethebowlofriceispushedoverthetableedge itfallstotheground and intheprocess itbringsoutimportantevidenceabout howphysicalobjectsinteract 相互作用 bowlsofricedonotfloat inmid air butrequiresupporttoremainstable Itislikelythatbabiesarenotbornknowingthisbasicfactoftheuniverse noraretheyeverclearlytaughtit Instead babiesmayformanunderstandingofobjectsupportthroughrepeatedexperimentsandthenbuildonthisknowledgetolearnevenmoreabouthowobjectsinteract Thoughtheirrangesandtoolsdiffer thebaby sinvestigationandthescientist sexperimentappeartosharethesameaim tolearnaboutthenaturalworld overallapproach gatheringdirectevidencefromtheworld andlogic aremy observationswhatIexpected Somepsychologistssuggestthatyoungchildrenlearnaboutmorethanjustthephysicalworldinthisway thattheyinvestigatehumanpsychologyandtherulesoflanguageusingsimilarmeans Forexample itmayonlybethroughrepeatedexperiments evidencegathering andfinallyoverturningatheory thatababywilletoaccepttheideathatotherpeoplecanhavedifferentviewsanddesiresfromwhatheorshehas forexample unlikethechild Mommyactuallydoesn tlikeDovechocolate Viewingchildhooddevelopmentasascientificinvestigationthrowslightonhowchildrenlearn butitalsooffersaninspiringlookatscienceandscientists Whydoyoungchildrenandscientistsseemtobesomuchalike Psychologistshavesuggestedthatscienceasaneffort thedesiretoexplore explain andunderstandourworld issimplysomethingthatesfromourbabyhood Perhapsevolutionprovidedhumanbabieswithcuriosityandanaturaldrivetoexplaintheirworlds andadultscientistssimplymakeuseofthesamedrivethatservedthemaschildren Thesamecognitivesystemsthatmakeyoungchildrenfeelgoodaboutfiguringsomethingoutmayhavebeenadoptedbyadultscientists Assomepsychologistsputit Itisnotthatchildrenarelittlescientistsbutthatscientistsarebigchildren 50 Accordingtosomedevelopmentalpsychologists A ababy splayisnothingmorethanagameB scientificresearchintobabies gamesispossibleC thenatureofbabies playhasbeenthoroughlyinvestigatedD ababy splayissomehowsimilartoascientist sexperiment 解析 D 细节理解题 根据文章第一段最后一句的 but somedevelopmentalpsychologistshavearguedthatthis play ismorelikeascientificinvestigationthanonemightthink 可知 心理学家觉得孩子的玩耍和科学家的研究有些相似 故选D Blindimitationisself destruction Tothosewhodonotrecognizetheiruniqueworth imitationappearsattractive tothosewhoknowtheirstrength imitationisunacceptable Intheearlystagesofskillorcharacterdevelopment imitationishelpful WhenIfirstlearnedtocook Iusedrecipesandturnedoutsometastydishes ButsoonIgrewbored WhymustIfollowsomeoneelse swayofcookingwhenIcouldcreatemyown Imitatingrolemodelislikeusingtrainingwheelsonachild sbicycle theyhelpyougetgoing butonceyoufindyourownbalance youflyfasterandfartherwithoutrelyingonthem Indailylife imitationcanhurtusifwesubconsciously 下意识地 holdpoorrolemodels If asachild youobservedpeoplewhoseliveswerebad youmayhaveacceptedtheirfearandpainasnormalandgoneontofollowwhattheydid Ifyoudonotmakestrongchoicesforyourself youwillgettheresultsoftheweakchoicesofothers In the field of entertainment our culture glorifies celebrities Thosestarslookgreatonscreen Butwhentheystepoffscreen theirpersonallivesmaybedisastrous Ifyouaregoingtofollowsomeone focusontheirtalent nottheirbadcharacterorunacceptablebehaviors Blessedisthepersonwillingtoactontheirsuddendesiretocreatesomethingunique Thinkofthemovies books teachers andfriendsthathaveaffectedyoumostdeeply Theytouchedyoubecausetheircreationsweremotivatedbyinspiration notdesperation Theworldischangednotbythosewhodowhathasbeendonebeforethem butbythosewhodowhathasbeendoneinsidethem Creativepeoplehaveanendlessresourceofideas Theproblemacreatorfacesisnotrunningoutofmaterial itiswhattodowithallthematerialknockingatthedoorofimagination Studyyourrolemodels acceptthegiftstheyhavegiven andleavebehindwhatdoesnotserveyou Thenyoucansay Istandontheshouldersofmyancestors tragediesanddeclarevictory andknowthattheyarecheeringmeon 2 Accordingtotheauthor theworldmovesonbecauseofthosewhoare A desperatetoinfluenceotherswiththeirknowledgeB readytoturntheiroriginalideasintorealityC eagertodiscoverwhattheirancestorsdidD willingtoacceptothers ideas 解析 B 细节理解题 根据文章第五段的第四句 The worldischangednotby butbythosewhodowhathasbeendoneinsidethem 可推知选B