高中英语 3名师指津语法 构词法课件.ppt

第二部分重要语法 构词法包括派生法 转化法和合成法 懂得构词法 对扩大词汇量 扫清阅读中的障碍都非常有益 但在语法填空中方便考的只能是派生法 词语派生是语法填空的必考点 这一考点涉及句子结构分析 充当各种成分的典型词类 构词法特别是派生法等多个知识点 是综合性较强的一道题 构词法 请做下列高考真题 1 2013 Thatwouldbeavery reason thingtodoinabigcity 思路点拨 reasonable在名词前作定语要用形容词 真题再练 2 2013 Butsuchasmallthingcouldn t possible destroyavillage 思路点拨 possibly修饰谓语动词destroy作状语 用副词 注意 以 ble接尾的形容词 其副词形式通常是将ble改为bly 3 2012 ForsomereasonhesatbesideMary Maryfelt please becausethereweremanyemptyseatsintheroom Butshequicklyrealizedthatitwasn ther 思路点拨 pleased在系动词felt后作表语 用形容词 表示 高兴的 4 2011 Hemustbe mental disabled 思路点拨 mentally修饰分词形容词作状语 用副词 5 2010 Histeachertookadeepdrink smiled warm andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater 思路点拨 warmly修饰动词smiled作状语 用副词形式 6 2009 ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather choose oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather 思路点拨 choice在形容词性物主代词后一定是用名词形式 7 2008 Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir nature course 思路点拨 natural在名词course前作定语 用形容词 8 2007 Wedranktogetherandtalked merry tillfarintothenight 思路点拨 merrily修饰动词talked作状语 用副词 考情分析 从上表可看出 每年必考1题 其中2013年考了2题 共涉及四种情况 1 adj adv 有4个小题 2 n adj 有2个小题 3 vt n 有1个小题 4 vt adj 有1个小题 解答这类题 首先要分析句子结构 看空格处要填的词在句子充当什么成分 然后回顾思考充当这一成分需要哪类词 再看括号中所给词是什么词类 应如何将其转换成所需词类 关于充当句中各成分的最典型的词类 请记住以下三条 1 作主语或宾语要用名词 如上述第6题 2 作定语 表语或补足语一般用形容词 如上述第1 3 7题 解题技巧 3 修饰动词 形容词或另一副词 作状语 用副词 如上述第2 4 5 8题 注意 1 有时不但要注意词性转换 而且还要考虑用表示相反意义的前缀或后缀 其逻辑意义才通顺 如 Hefailedhismathsexaminationbecauseofhis care work 解析 在形容词性物主代词与名词之间必定是填形容词作定语 如填careful 细心的 句子的逻辑意义不通 要填careless 粗心的 才通顺 2 当所给词的词性与空格处所需词的词性相同时 无需改变词性 就可能是只改变词义但不改变词性的前缀或后缀了 如 InAlaska thewolfalmost appear afewyearsagobecausehunterswerekillinghundredsofthemforsport 解析 主句中没有其他谓语动词 appear应为谓语动词 由后面从句的谓语动词的时态可知 用一般过去时 若填appeared 与后面的原因状语从句意义相矛盾 应填disappeared 才通顺 一 形容词 副词二 动词 名词变形容词的常见后缀三 动词变为名词的后缀四 形容词变名词的后缀五 表示 人 的后缀六 表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀七 变动词的前缀和后缀八 其他前缀的意义九 合成法十 转换法 考点归纳 见学生用书P185 187 一 单句填空用括号中所给词语的正确形式填空 1 2014佛山一模 Afterthey continue improvedituponearlierdesigns thebrotherssuccessfullyreceivedapatent 专利 in1906 continuously修饰动词improved作状语 用副词 实战演练 2 2014广州调研 Thesepoemswerewellreceived local andin1786theywerepublishedinthevolume Poems Chiefly locally副词作状语 意为 在当地 3 2014广州一模 Icouldn timaginewhatitisliketoloseyourhomeandeverythingthatyouknowandthe power effectthehurricanehadonthosepeople powerful形容词作定语修饰effect 4 2014惠州三模 Delighted thecountrymouseacceptedthe invite andcametothecitymouse shouse invitation名词作accept的宾语 5 2014惠州三模 EvenifIeatnothingbutbeans Icanlive peace peacefully副词作状语 修饰动词live 6 2014茂名一模 However theworst impress isthatIwasfeelinghungryallthetime impression作主语或说者在 冠词 形容词 之后 一定是填名词 7 2014茂名二模 Itookthatbeautifulmomentandstoredit safe inmysoulwhereIknewitwouldremainforever safely修饰动词stored 故用副词 8 2014梅州一模 Intheeyesoftheseforeigners Chinglishisthe wonder resultofanEnglishdictionarymixingwithChinesegrammar wonderful修饰其后名词result 应转换成形容词wonderful 作定语 9 2014韶关一模 Andifyouhaveagood appear andalsooriginalorexpensiveclothestoshowoffatyourconcertsappearance名词作have的宾语 用名词 10 2014深圳一模 Bobwent returnedandsaid gentle Boss onlyonepersonissellingwatermelon gently修饰谓语动词said要用副词 11 2014肇庆期末 Foranother itisausefulwaytoreleasetheir press pressure作release的宾语用名词 或在形容词性物主代词后没有名词时一定要填名词 12 2014肇庆期末 ThereforeashighschoolstudentsoftheInformationAge weneedtolearntomakeuseofthis mean tooltocommunicateanddisplayourselves meaningful形容词作定语修饰后面的tool 13 2014佛山一模 Theyflyfaster aremuchlarger andhavetelevisionsetsbuiltinforpassengers enjoy enjoyment所有格后面用名词形式 或者说作介词for的宾语要用名词 14 2013广州一模 Withthe arrive ofspring theDorritystookthechildrenforanouting arrival定冠词后面是名词 arrive的名词是arrival而不是arriving 15 Iwassupposedtoarriveattheairportontime fortunate Iwasheldupbytheheavytrafficjam 16 Therefore whentheybecomeoldertheyare able todoanyotherkindofwork 17 Veryearlythenextmorning amazingly wegotcompletelysatisfiedinatotally expect way Unfortunately unable unexpected 18 Iwon tdothepurchasebecausethepriceofthisdressis reason 19 Job apply needtoshowtheirabilitytobebothorganizedandflexibleintakingonmanytasksatthesametime 20 Allfactsarethesourceof conclude 21 However most science agreethatEQhasalottodowith educate unreasonable applicants conclusions scientists education 22 Excellentoralandwritten communicate skillsinChineseandEnglishareof important 23 Freshfruitsandvegetablescanprovidemuchofourdaily require 24 Itisyour free todowhatyouwantafterclass 25 Asisknowntousall theEntranceExamisagreat andthestudentsare compete communication importance requirement freedom competition competitors 26 Iam grate toyouforyourhelp 27 Hegavemesome construct suggestions 28 Ajury sdecisioninacourtcasemustbeabsolutely object 29 Hedevotedmuchmoneytobuildingschoolsin mountain areas 30 Unfortunately mycarbrokedownona mud road grateful constructive objective mountainous muddy 31 Everyoneshouldplayhispartinbuildinga harmony society 32 The mystery lettersentfromTaiwanmadetheprofessorlostinthought 33 Tomakemyself Iwoulddosomeexerciseafterwork relax 34 Allthechildrenfelt whentheyheardthenews discourage harmonious mysterious relaxed relaxing discouraged discouraging 35 We apology forthelatedepartureofthisflight 36 Thearticlecan long outalittlebyaddingsomeexamples 37 Hisillness worse duringthenight 38 Lettingthatanimalescapewasnoaccident youdidit intention 39 Theblackpeoplewereagainstslaveryandfoughtfortheirfreedom brave apologized lengthen worsened intentionally bravely 40 Ourproductsaresold world 41 Hewentoutoftheoffice hurry torunafterher 42 Ilostmybalanceandfell back 43 Theyliveinthe west partofthevillage 44 It sveryimportanttoeat health worldwide hurriedly backward western healthily 二 语篇填空阅读下列短文 按照句子结构的语法性 用括号中所给词语的正确形式填空 Afathersatathisdesklookingatandcarefullystudyinghis1 month billswhenhisyoungsonrushedinandannounced Dad becausethisisyourbirthdayandyou re55yearsold I mgoingtogiveyou55kisses oneforeachyear Butthefatherexclaimed Oh Andrew don tdoitnow I mtoobusy monthly Theyoungsterimmediatelyfell2 silence astearsflewdownfromhisbigblueeyes 3 apologetical thefathersaid Youcanfinishlater Theboysaidnothingbut4 quiet walkedaway 5 disappoint writtenoverhisface Thateveningthefathersaid Comeandfinishthekissesnow Andrew Buttheboydidn trespond silent Apologetically quietly disappointment 6 fortunate theboyhadanaccidentandwasdrowned Hisheartbrokenfatherwrote IfonlyIcouldtellhimhowmuchIregretmy7 thought words andcouldbeassuredthatheknowshowmuchmyheartisaching Unfortunately thoughtless Loveisatwo waystreet Anylovingactmustbe8 warm acceptedoritwillbetakenas9 reject andcanleaveascar Nothingismore10 importance thanrespondingwithlovetothecryforlovefromthosewhoarenearandprecioustous Because theremaybenochanceatallasinthecaseofthelittleboy warmly rejection important 一个小孩在父亲55岁生日时想给父亲55个吻 但这位父亲因太忙叫儿子等以后有空再吻 几天后这个小男孩不幸溺水身亡 父亲伤心欲绝 故事告诫我们 对于那些在我们身边 对我们弥足珍贵的人 用爱去回应他们爱的渴望 这最重要不过了 1 monthly在名词前作定语用形容词 表示 每月的 填monthly 2 silent在系动词felt后作表语用形容词 3 Apologetically 修饰谓语动词作状语用副词 4 quietly 修饰谓语动词作状语用副词 5 disappointment 后面有过去分词短语作定语 应是名词 6 Unfortunately 修饰全句作状语用副词 溺水身亡是 不幸 7 thoughtless 在名词前作定语用形容词 根据文意 加表示否定意义的后缀less 8 warmly 修饰谓语作状语用副词 9 rejection 在介词后作宾语用名词 10 important 在系动词is后作表语用形容词