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Unit 13 We are trying to save the earth! 词句精讲精词汇精讲 1. advantage advantage是名词，意为“优点；好处；有利条件 ”。例如： This bicycle has many advantages. 这辆自行车有许多优点。 Studying English has many advantages. 学习英语有许多好处。【拓展】 disadvantage是advantage的反义词，意为“缺点；弊端；不利条件”。例如：When you visit France, it is a disadvantage if you cannot speak French.当你访问法国时，如果你不会讲法语，那可是个不利条件。2. instead of instead of是介词短语，意为“代替，而不是”，后面可以跟与前面并列成分相应的名词、代词、动词-ing形式等作为介词宾语。例如： He went to the cinema instead of going to school. 他去了电影院而不是学校。【拓展】(1) instead作副词，意为“代替，而不是”，常用作状语。例如： He is tired. Let me go instead. 他累了，让我替他去吧。 She never studies. Instead, she plays tennis all day. 她从不学习，而是整天打网球。(2)instead和instead of的辨析： instead是副词，后面不接其他的词，一般情况下可不译出，通常放在句首或句末，在句首时常用逗号隔开，表示前面的事没做，而做了后面的事。例如：He didnt go to school. Instead, he went to the cinema. 他没有去学校，相反他去了电影院。Instead of lending a hand, he laughed at us.他不仅没有帮我们一把，反而嘲笑我们。3. cut offcut off是固定搭配，意为“切除；切掉”。例如： The slide cut off the valley from the rest of the world. 山崩切断了这个山谷与外界的联系。 【拓展】“动词 + off”构成的短语有： take off 起飞，脱下 put off 推迟 turn off 关闭 get off 下车 fall off从掉下来 break off终止 pay off 付清 4. make a difference make a difference意为“起作用，有影响”。例如： The fact that I can now organize my own time makes a big difference. 现在我能自己安排时间了，这对我有很大的作用。 Whatever you can do can make a difference. 无论你能做什么，都会带来不同。5. the number of the number of意为“的数量”，后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： The number of people speaking Chinese is larger than that of those speaking English. 说汉语的人数要大于说英语的人数。【拓展】 a number of 意为“许多”，后面接可数名词的复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。number前面可以用large，great，small等修饰，构成a large number of; a small number of等。例如： I have a number of letters to write. 我有许多信件要写。 A large number of students in our school are from the countryside. 我们学校许多学生来自农村。 A small number of students in our class went swimming yesterday. 昨天我们班一小部分学生去游泳了。6. although although的意思相当于though，意为“尽管，虽然”，用来引导让步状语从句。它所引导的从句不能与并列连词but; and; so等连用，但可以和yet; still等词连用。例如： Although he lives alone, he doesnt feel lonely.= He lives alone, but he doesnt feel lonely. 虽然他一个人住，但他并不感到孤独。There is air all around us, although we cannot see it. 虽然我们看不见空气，但空气却存在于我们的周围。【拓展】although与though的辨析：(1) 用作连词，表示“虽然”，二者可以互换使用，但although比though更为正式。例如： Though/Although it was raining, we still went there. 虽然下着雨，但我们还是去了那里。(2) although一般不用作副词，而though可用作副词，且一般放在句末（不放在句首），意为“可是，不过”。例如：Its hard work; I enjoy it, though. 工作很辛苦，可是我很喜欢。We all tried our best. We lost the game, though. 我们都尽力最大努力，但我们还是输了。(3) 在as though(好像，仿佛)，even though(即使，纵然)等固定短语中不能用although。例如： He talks as though he knew everything. 他夸夸其谈，好像无所不知。7. take part in take part in意为“参加”，常指参加群众性的活动、会议、劳动、游行等，往往指参加者持有积极的态度，起一定作用。take part in之后接名词或动名词。例如：I didnt take part in the sports meeting yesterday because I was ill. 我没有参加昨天的运动会，因为我病了。Everyone can take part in gardening. 每个人都可以参加到园艺活动中来。【拓展】join是动词，意为“加入”。指加入某一党派、组织或社会团体，以及参军等，并成为其中一员。其后常出现club, army, team, group以及人称代词宾格等。例如：join the swimming club 参加游泳俱乐部join the army 参军 join us 加入到我们的行列8. afford afford常用作及物动词，意为“买(经受)得起；给予，提供”，其后常接名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语，afford后还可接双宾语。 This kind of puter is too expensive and I cant afford it这种电脑太贵了，我买不起。At last I can afford a watch我终于买得起一只手表了。 I could not afford so much money for a bicycle我出不起那么多钱买一辆自行车。 Ill afford you a chance我将给你提供一个机会。词汇精练I. 英汉互译。 1. make a difference _ 2. cut off _ 3. lead to_ 4. be full of _ 5. take part in_6. 关闭_ 7. hear of _ 8. 扔掉_9. 对有害_ 10. be made of _II. 根据句意及首字母和汉语提示写出所缺单词。1. I have a simple and easy m_ to solve the problem. 2. We shouldnt be _ (残忍的) to animals. 3. Its h_ to your health to drink too much. 4. The city is the _ (工业) center of the country. 5. The car is too expensive, I cant a_ it.6.Dontthrow_(垃圾)everywhere.7.Inwinter,manypeopleburnc_tokeepwarm.8.Thepolicefoundabodyatthe_(底部)ofthelake.9.The_(费用)oflivinginbigcitiesisveryhigh.10.Hekeepsarabbitinabig_(木制的)box.III. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Theoldmanused_(be)ateacher.2.Weshould_(clean)theroomeveryday.3.Look!Tom_(sleep)inhisroom.4.Lotsoftrees_(plant)onthehilleveryyear.5.He_(live)herefor20years.参考答案I. 英汉互译。 1. 起作用，有影响 2. 切除，切掉 3. 导致 4. 充满 5. 参加 6. turn off 7. 听说 8. throw away 9. be harmful to 10. 由制成II. 根据句意及首字母和汉语提示写出所缺单词。 1. method 2. cruel 3. harmful 4. industry 5. afford 6. litter 7. coal 8. bottom 9. cost 10. woodenIII. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. to be 2. clean 3. is sleeping 4. are planted 5. has lived句式精讲1. And remember to throw rubbish in the bins and keep public places clean and beautiful for everyone. remember作动词，意为“记得”。与forget意思相反。例如：Please remember his name. 请记得他的名字。【拓展】（1）remember to do sth.表示“记得要做某事”，事情还没有做。例如：Remember to turn off the light when you leave. 离开时记得关灯。（2）remember doing sth.表示“记得曾经做过某事”，事情已经做过了。例如： He remembered going to Shanghai with his parents when he was five years old. 他记得五岁时曾经和父母去过上海。2. Many have heard of shark fin soup. hear of意为“听说，听到”，相当于hear about。 例如： I have never heard of him. 我从来没听人说起过他。【拓展】hear; hear of与hear from的辨析： (1) hear“听见，听说”。当“听见”讲时，强调结果，可直接带宾语或用于hear sb. / sth. do/ doing sth.意为“听见某人/某物（在）做某事”，当“听说”时，后面常接从句。例如： Can you hear a bird singing in the tree now? 你现在能听见鸟在树上唱歌吗？ I heard that she passed the exam. 我听说她通过考试了。 (2) hear of“听说，得知”，后面接名词或代词，指听到某人或某事的存在或消息。例如： Jim disappeared and nobody heard of him. Jim不知去向，没有人再听到他的消息。 (3) hear from“收到来信”，后面常接人作宾语。例如： Have you ever heard from your pen pal? 你是否收到过笔友的来信。3. Its good for health and it doesnt cost anything. cost是动词，意为“花费”。它的主语一般是事物，其后接表示金钱的名词作宾语。例如：The coat cost me 200 yuan. 那件外套花了我200元。【拓展】表示“花费”的spend、take、cost和pay的辨析：词语主语结构spend人(sb.)sb. spends + 时间或金钱+ (in) doing sth. /on sth.takeit作形式主语It takes sb. some time to do sth.(真正主语)pay人(sb.)sb. pays + 金钱+ for sth.coststh.(物)sth. costs sb. + 金钱例如： I spent 3 hours (in) doing /on my homework yesterday. 昨天我花了三个小时做作业。 It took me four hours to go to Wuhan by bus. 乘公共汽车去武汉花了我四个小时。 I paid six yuan for the pen. 我花了六元钱买这支笔。 My English book cost me five yuan. 我的英语书花了我五元钱。4. What about waste pollution? What about意为“怎么样？”，可用来询问有关情况、提出建议或征求意见等。about是介词，后面接名词、代词或动名词，即：what about + sb./sth. (可接表示人或物的名词及代词)what about + doing sth. 例如： What about sitting in the garden? 在花园里坐坐怎么样？ Im going to the park. What about you? 我要去公园，你呢？ What about your exam last week, Tom? Tom，你上周考试怎么样？【拓展】 What about?与How about通常可以互换，后接名词、代词或动名词，但不能接动词不定式或动词原形。5. They have even asked governments to develop laws to stop the sale of shark fins. ask sb. to do sth.为固定结构，意为“要求某人做某事”，其否定形式为ask sb. not to do sth.，意为“要求某人别做某事”。例如：He asks Tom to stay with him. 他要求汤姆跟他一起留下。Miss Zhang asks Jack not to e late again. 张老师要求杰克不要再迟到了。【拓展】ask的常见搭配：(1) 与介词 for 连用，有“要求得到”的意思。例如： Mary asks her father for money. 玛丽向她父亲要钱。(2) 与about 连用，表示询问或打听关于某事的情况。例如： Uncle Hill asked about you the other day. 前些日子希尔大叔问起过你。句式精练I. 根据汉语提示，完成英语句子（每空一词）。1.多一个人少一个人无所谓。 Onepersonwouldnt_.2.这个木箱装满了书。The_box_ _ _ books.3.这条小路通向公园。Thepath_ _thepark.4.我错拿了你的包。Itookyourbag_ _minebymistake.5. 我从没听说过这个人。 I have never _ _such a man. 6. 到目前为止，我已经交了二十个朋友。 _ _, I have made twenty friends. 7. 我们必须采取行动来阻止他们。 We must _ _ to stop them.8.她扔掉了昨天的报纸。She_yesterdaysnewspaper.9.请别将杯子倒置。Pleasedontturnthecup_.10.我在新的工作中充分地利用了我的经验。I_myexperience_ _ _inmynewwork.II.将下面的句子改为同义句。1.BothTomandIwereintheschoollibraryyesterday._ _ Tom_Iwasintheschoollibraryyesterday.2.Readinginbeddoesharmtoyoureyes.Readinginbed_ _ _youreyes.3.Theoldcarcausedmelotsoftrouble.Theoldcarcaused_trouble_me.4.Hespenttenyuanonthebook. He_tenyuan_thebook.5.Myhairneedscutting.Myhairneeds_.III. 补全对话。请阅读下面对话，从方框内7个选项中选择5个恰当的句子完成对话。其中有两个句子是多余的。（D=Darren, C= Carol）D: Hi, Carol! 1 C: Oh, hi, Darren. Im just getting ready for the Red Nose Day concert tomorrow.D: Oh, really? Well, Im free this afternoon. 2 C: Actually, Ive nearly finished. Jim and I are going to put up some ads later, though. Could you please help us with that?D: 3 C: Thats wonderful! Oh, theres one more thing. Would you mind ing early tomorrow to help sell tickets at the door?D: Not at all, 4 C: Around six would be great.D: OK. 5 C: Great. Thanks, Darren. A. No problem.B. See you then.C. Of course not.D. What are you doing?E. Can I give you a hand?F. What time shall I be there?G. Have you finished your homework?参考答案I. 根据汉语提示，完成英语句子（每空一词）。 1. make a difference 2. wooden; is full of/filled with 3. leads to 4. instead of 5. heard of/about 6. So far 7. take actions 8. threw away 9. upside down 10. put; to good useII. 句型转换，每空一词。 1. Not only; but also 2. is harmful to 3. lots of; to 4. paid; for 5. to be cutIII. 补全对话。 1-5 DEAFB
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