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被动语态一、语态：是动词的一种形式，用于说明主语与谓语之间的关系。 英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示：主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示：主语是动作的承受者。 只有及物动词才有被动语态。 被动语态谓语动词的结构为：be done（过去分词）。 汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义。二、八大时态的主动语态和被动语态对照：主动语态被动语态助动词一般现在时do/doesam/is/are doneam/is/are一般过去时didwas/were donewas/were一般将来时will doam/is/are going to dowill be doneam/is/are going to be donewillam/is/are过去将来时would dowas/were going to dowould be donewas/were going to be donewouldwas/were现在进行时am/is/are doingam/is/are being doneam/is/are过去进行时was were doingwas/were being donewas/were现在完成时have/has donehave/has been donehave/has过去完成时had donehad been donehad情态动词can/may/mus t docan/may/must be donecan/may/must三、用法1、一般现在时的被动语态（am/is/are done）Children love these songs. 主 谓 宾These songs are loved by children. 主 谓 状Jane looks after the cat. 主 谓 宾The cat is looked after by Jane. 主 谓 状注：主动语态的宾语 被动语态的主语只有及物动词（组）才有被动语态；不及物动词（组）没有宾语，即没有被动语态。主动语态的主语在被动语态中，前面需加by“被”。2、主动变被动的几个重点（1）短语动词短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变被动语态时，不可丢掉介词或副词。People speak to old men politely here. 这里的人们对老人讲话有礼貌。Old men are spoken to politely here by people.（2）带双宾语的动词带双宾语的动词变被动语态时有两种方式，可分别将间接宾语和直接宾语转化为被动语态的主语。We often give him a nice present at Christmas.He is often given a nice present at Christmas by us. A nice present is often given to him at Christmas by us.（3）带复合宾语的动词宾语加宾补构成复合宾语。变被动语态时，把宾语变主语，原来的宾语补足语成为被动语态的主语补足语。The teacher calls him Peter.He is called Peter by the teacher.感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice等及使役动词let, make, have等后跟省略to的动词不定式作宾补，在变为被动语态时，应加上不定式符号to。He makes the girl stay at home.The girl is made to stay at home by him.（4）表达情感的动词如：interest(使感兴趣)，worry(使烦忧)，surprise(使惊讶)，tire(使疲劳)，bore(使无聊)，move(使感动)等，可用被动形式。He always surprises us.We are always surprised by him.练习（一）将主动语态改为被动语态1. We all love our motherland deeply. _2. This factory makes mobile phones._3. My parents dont allow me to smoke. _4. They often hear her sing songs after class._5. My mother always makes me a cake on my birthday._6. Do you grow rice in the south?_7. The police man makes the young man move his car._8. Why do they call him Mr. Know-all?_9. Most girls dont like football._（二）单项选择1. Can you tell me how to make apple juice?Sure. Please watch carefully and you will see how it _.A. is madeB. is makingC. makesD. will make2. What a clean and bright classroom, isnt it?Yes, its always clean and bright because it _ every day.A. cleansB. cleanedC. is cleanedD. was cleaned3. What a beautiful factory!Well, workers _ very much here.A. needB. are needingC. are neededD. will need4. How often _ your school sports meeting _?Every two years.A. were; heldB. are; heldC. was heldD. is; held5. We learn how to surf the Internet because it _ widely _ in the world.A. is; usedB. is; usingC. does; useD. was; used6. English _ in many countries, but Chinese _ their own language.A. is spoken; speaksB. speaks; is spokenC. is spoken; speakD. is spoken; is spoken（三）用所给词的适当形式填空1. Parents _（respect）by Chinese people.2. Shakespeares greatest play _（call）Hamlet.3. I am looking for a man _（name）Tom.4. Lunyu _（think）to be one of the greatest Chinese books.5. Betty is often seen _（help）the old man with his housework.6. The Great Wall _（know）all over the world.7. Neither of them _（make）in China.8. He _（make）_（work）over twelve hours a day by the boss.9. This kind of shoes _（sell）well.10. The pen _（write）well.3、一般过去时和一般将来时的被动语态（was/were done; will be done; am/is/are going to be done）We beat Class Two last time. Class Two was beaten by us last time.People will ask Liu Xiang to appear in films. Liu Xiang will be asked to appear in films.The floor will be swept soon. 地不久就会扫的。The knives will be sharpened soon. 到不久就会磨的。练习（一）将主动语态改为被动语态1. We built the bridge three years ago._2. They will publish his new book next month._3. Did they build a bridge a year ago?_4. We saw the monkey jump off the tree._（二）将被动语态改为主动语态1. The school sports meeting wont be held by them next week._2. The story was told to us by my grandpa._3. Who was the book written by?_4. The yearbooks were taken out of the reading room by somebody._（三）单项选择1. You are _ on the phone, Tony.Yes, mum, _.A. wanted; Im ingB. called; Im ingC. needed; Ill eD. asked; Ill e2. Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start.Im sorry, but I _ when to leave.A. dont tellB. didnt tellC. wasnt told3. I _ to take part in the English speech contest last week.A. askB. askedC. am askedD. was asked4. Are you going to the party _ at Smiths home this evening?I will if I am free.A. holdingB. heldC. to holdD. to be held5. Long time no see!Ive just returned. I _ to Zhengzhou for a meeting last month.A. am sentB. was sentC. am sendingD. was sending6. The play _ at the theatre next Sunday.A. is going to be shownB. will shownC. will showD. is shown7. Whos the little baby in the photo, Susan?Its me. This photo _ ten years ago.A. takesB. is takenC. tookD. was taken8. Betty is often seen _ the old man with his housework.A. helpB. to helpC. helpedD. helps9. It is reported that more new teaching buildings _ in our school in the next term.A. will be builtB. was builtC. has builtD. will build10. Why didnt you go to the party last night?Because I _.A. wasnt invitedB. didnt inviteC. havent invitedD. dont invited（四）用所给词的适当形式填空1. Where did you go last night?I _（ask）to go to Li Lei2. At the party, you _（introduce）to the president tomorrow.3. A talk on science _（give）in our school next year.4. The children _（teach）to swim last month.5. We all like reading the books _（write）by Chi Li.6. The recorder _（repair）yesterday. It works well now.4、现在完成时和情态动词的被动语态（have/has been done; can be done）The basket has already been emptied. 篮子已经被腾空了。They have already been invited. 他们已被邀请。5、现在进行时的被动语态（am/is/are being done）The trees are being cut down now. 现在正有人在砍树。练习（一）句型转换1. The police have caught the thieves.（改为被动语态）_2. We cant take books out of the reading room.（改为被动语态）_3. May I take a photo in the zoo?（改为被动语态）_4. How long have the puter been used by you?（改为主动语态）_5. Has the big tree been cut down by him?（改为主动语态）_6. All the information has been used for writing the article.（对画线部分提问）_（二）用所给动词的适当形式填空1. I think one day books may _（replace代替）pletely（完全地）.2. Paper should not _（throw）away.3. Books and other materials（材料）can _（borrow）from the library.4. The box _（fill）with shoes already.5. These books _（must, take）good care of by us.（三）单项选择1. Chinas sports stars Yao Ming and Liu Xiang _ Goodwill Ambassadors（亲善大使）for Shanghai.A. has been namedB. have been namedC. has namedD. have named2. To make our city more beautiful, rubbish _ into the river.A. cant throwB. mustnt be thrownC. neednt be thrownD. must be thrown3. How beautiful our hometown is!Yes, trees and flowers _ everywhere.A. can be seenB. can seeC. be seenD. cant see4. _ your homework _?Not yet.A. Has; finishB. Has; been finishedC. Did; finishD. Did; finished5. The tickets _ well and half of the tickets _ out by now.A. sell; soldB. were sold; soldC. were sold; have soldD. sell; have been sold
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