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Unit 22 Environmental Protection一、课前基础自查 (一)分类记单词省时高效.阅读单词(知其意)1ecology n 生态2botanical adj. 植物的3consultant n. _顾问4corrupt adj. 贪污受贿的，腐败的5conservation n. 保护6consensus n. 一致的意见7drought n. 旱灾8hurricane n. 飓风9species n. (动植物的)物种10habitat n. 栖息地11enforce vt. 实施，执行12scale n. 规模，范围13thunderstorm n. 雷暴，雷雨14rainfall n. 降雨量15irrigation n. 灌溉16evolution n. (生物)进化17mountainous adj. 多山的18valid adj. 有充分理由的19fragile adj. 易毁的；脆弱的20negative adj. 消极的，负面的.重点单词(写其形)1endanger vt. 危害2trap vt. 使困住3principle n. 原则，道德准则4beyond prep. 超出5relevant adj. 有关的6coincidence n. 巧合7condemn vt. 迫使(某人)陷于不幸的境地8sacrifice vt. & vi. 牺牲；献出9advocate vt. 主张，提倡10recycle vt. 回收利用11substitute n. 代替品，代用品12seize vt. 依法没收；(用武力)夺取13behalf n. 代表14means n. 方法15flee vt.&vi. 逃走16potential n. 可能性，潜在性17claim vt. 声称18threaten vt. 威胁19arm vt. 武装20finance n. 资金.拓展单词(通其变)1extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的extinction n灭绝，绝种2fashionable adj.流行的，时髦的fashion n流行，时尚3separation n分离，分开separate adj.分开的v.分离，分开4construct vt.建造construction n建造5considerate adj.想得周到的，体贴的consider vt.考虑consideration n考虑considering prep.考虑到；鉴于6adopt vt.采用；收养adoption n收养；采用adopted adj.收养的7reservation n预订；保留；保护；疑惑reserve n保护区 vt.保留；预订reserved adj.预订的，保留的8agriculture n农业agricultural adj.农业的9changeable adj.多变的change n. & v变化10allocate vt.分配，配给allocation n分配，配给11sharpen vt.削尖sharp adj.锋利的sharpener n卷笔刀12calculate vt.计算，算出calculation n计算calculator n计算器语境活用1The old man considers his daughterinlaw considerate because she always takes everything into consideration when she deals with family affairs.(consider)2After a long separation,_ they both lived a separate life and in the end they separated peacefully.(separate)3A new bridge is being constructed over the river and its construction will be finished next year.(construct)4It is not safe to let the child sharpen his pencil using the sharp sharpener.(sharp)5Mr.White is the adopted son of Mrs.Green, who adopted him when his parents died 20 years ago. Thanks to her adoption,_Mr.White could receive a good education and became an engineer.(adopt)6The world is changeable,_ and everything is changing.(change)7If necessary, students are allowed to calculate the volume (容积) of the container using a calculator,_ which will make the calculation simpler.(calculate) (二)练中记短语记牢用活写准记牢语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)1.a_number_of 一些2in_turn 依次，轮流；反过来3take_action 采取行动4lead_to 引起，导致5ahead_of 在前面6apart_from 除以外7answer_for (对已产生的不良后果)负责任8carry_off 掠去，夺走9call_for_an_end_to_sth. 要求结束10refer_to 指，意即11all_in_all 总的来说12earn_ones_living 谋生13as_a_matter_of_fact 实际上14look_ahead 展望未来，向前看15result_in 导致16on_somebodys_behalf 代表17break_away_from 摆脱，脱离(团体、组织、 某种思想体系)18sum_up 总结，概括19or_else 否则，不然20beyond_ones_control 超出的控制，不受的控制1.He spends too much time on maths, and this_in_turn affects the progress of his other subjects.2You must be more moderate in your drinking. Too much wine can lead_to serious trouble.3If we human beings dont take_action to protect the earth from now on, well have nowhere to live in the future.4If you stick to that, you shall answer_for the consequences.5As_a_matter_of_fact,_parents dont want their children to be in trouble.6Its a good position, apart_from a few spelling mistakes.7The thief broke_away_from the policeman and ran away.8Young people often_look_ahead to the future while the elderly look back on the past.9Jobs earned_his_living_by selling puters when he was 19 years old.10A_number_of world famous paintings are on show in this exhibition.11I didnt know that he was a cheat; or_else I wouldnt have believed him.(三)仿写明句式以用为本教材原句句式解读句式仿写1.Without these naturally occurring gases, the suns rays would bounce back into space leaving the Earth cold and impossible to live on.如果没有这些自然产生的气体，太阳光将会被反射回太空中去，使地球处于寒冷之中，不适合生命的存在。含蓄条件句的虚拟。要是没有你的帮助，我不可能在英语演讲比赛中获得第一名。Without your help, I couldnt_have_won_the_first_place in the English Speaking petition.2.Given this data, it seems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.鉴于这些数据，好像人类活动与正在升高的地球温度之间的联系并不仅仅只是巧合而已。given用作介词或连词，表示“鉴于；考虑到；倘若”。考虑到目前的条件，我认为他已做得相当出色了。Given_the_present_conditions,_I think he has done rather well.3.The last few years have seen environmental disasters on a grand scale, and experts are predicting far worse to e.近几年一些环境灾难大规模地出现，专家们预测更坏的局面即将来临。拟人修辞手法。天安门前的这两只石狮见证了许多重大的历史事件。The_two_stone_lions_standing_in_front_of_Tiananmen_saw/witnessed many great historic events.二、课堂重点深化1reserve vt.储备；保存；保留；预订，预约n.保护区；储备自主体验写出下列句中reserve的词性及含义I reserve my favorable ments for my former monitor.vt.保留I can not get the book I want but can I reserve it？vt.预订It is advisable to keep some food in reserve in case of emergency.n.储备Lucy searched out elephant families in Samburu National Reserve in northern Kenya.n.保护区单句语法填空Have you reserved a room for your friends traveling in your city ahead of time, Mary?Oh, I forgot to tell you I have made a reservation for them.They will have a reserved room whenever they get there.(reserve)完成句子We always keep some money_in_reserve,_just in case.我们总是存些钱，以防万一。They supported the measures without_reserve/reservation.他们毫无保留地支持这些措施。一句多译你必须提前订票吗？Do you have to reserve_tickets in advance? (reserve)Do you have to make_a_reservation_of_tickets in advance? (reservation)系统归纳(1)reserve sth.for sb./sth. 为某人/某物保留、预订某物(2)in reserve 贮存；备用(3)reservation n. 保留；预订(房间、座位等)make a reservation 预订(座位、房间等)without reserve/reservation 毫无保留地 (4)reserved adj. 预订的，保留的be reserved for 留作，(专)供之用重点强化易错对对碰(reserve/preserve)Moran hopes to make the music more accessible and preserve its history and culture.We were told that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week.佳句时时写(2018北京高考书面表达)我突然意识到传统文化如茶文化具有巨大的魅力和价值。我们应该保留并且向全世界的人们传播我们的文化。It_suddenly_hit_me_that_traditional_culture_like_tea_culture_was_of_great_charm_and_huge_value.And_we_should_reserve_and_spread_our_own_culture_to_people_all_over_the_world.名师指津preserve与reserve词形相似，但二者意思不同，preserve意为“保护，保存；维护”；reserve意为“保留；预订”。2seize vt.抓住；捉住；(用武力)夺取；依法没收自主体验单句语法填空She jumped up and seized him by the arm.Our teacher forbade us to seize on/upon our dictionaries during the test.完成句子We should seize_the_chance/opportunity_to_work_hard to achieve our goals.我们应抓住机会努力实现我们的目标。Tom_seized_the_letter_from_her and began to read out loud.汤姆从她手上把信抢过去，开始大声朗读。系统归纳seize sth. from sb. 从某人那里夺过某物seize sb. by the . 抓住某人的seize on/upon 抓住，利用seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住机会重点强化易错处处防Before he could run away, she seized him by his collar.histhe 佳句时时写(2015广东高考书面表达)我们可以利用唾液样本来检测人们是否患有主要的疾病。We_can_seize_on/upon_saliva_sample_to_detect_whether_people_have_major_illnesses. 3substitute vt.& vi.(用)替代；取代n.代替品，代用品自主体验完成句子Nothing can substitute_for_hard_work because life is a process of struggle for success.没有什么可以代替努力工作，因为生活是一个为成功而奋斗的过程。The scientists are studying to develop a_substitute_for this kind of medicine.科学家们正在研究开发这种药物的替代品。一句多译这台旧电脑坏了。我们必须用新的代替它。The_old_puter_doesnt_work.We_must_substitute_a_new_one_for_it.(substitute sth. for sth.)The_old_puter_doesnt_work.We_must_substitute_it_with/by_a_new_one.(substitute sth. with/by sth.)系统归纳(1)substitute A for Bsubstitute B with/by A用A代替/取代Bsubstitute for 代替，取代(2)a substitute for . 的替代品重点强化易错处处防Professor Wang was ill, so she substituted him.substituted后加for佳句时时写(2014上海高考书面表达)我了解到我们的英语栏目正在进行改革，三个栏目中的一个将被一个新的栏目所取代。Ive_learned_that_our_English_Post_is_being_reformed_and_a_new_one_will_substitute_for_one_of_the_three_columns.4trap vt.使困住；诱捕；诱骗；使陷入困境n.陷阱；圈套自主体验写出下列句中trap的词性及含义They had been trapped in the cave for 20 days before rescued.vt.使困住Were you just trying to trap her into making a mistaken decision？vt.诱骗You can escape from these traps by making the right choice.n.陷阱The police set a trap to catch the thief.n.圈套单句语法填空The shopkeeper trapped me into buying (buy) his poor quality milk. Once you fall into a trap, it will not be easy to get out of it.完成句子He set/laid_a_trap_for_her and she walked straight into it.他给她设了个圈套，她就径直走了进去。The brave soldiers were determined to save all the people who_were_trapped_in_the_flood.勇敢的战士们决心拯救所有被困在洪水中的人。Parents often fall_into_the_trap_of_trying_to_do_everything for their children.父母经常一厢情愿地试图为子女操办一切。系统归纳(1)trap sb. into (doing) sth. 使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套；诱骗某人(做)某事be/get trapped in 被困在中(2)fall into a trap 落入陷阱/圈套fall into the trap of doing sth. 落入的圈套；做某事不明智set/lay a trap for 为设圈套重点强化易错处处防Trapping in the ruins, the girl still wore a smile, waiting to be rescued.TrappingTrapped佳句时时写(2015江苏高考书面表达)更糟糕的是，因为近年来越来越多的汽车，一些司机、骑自行车的人和行人被困在交通堵塞中。Whats_worse,_some_drivers,_cyclists_and_pedestrians_are_trapped_in_the_traffic_jams_because_of_the_ever_increasing_number_of_cars_these_years.联想发散表示“被困于中”的短语还有：be/get locked inbe/get stuck inbe/get caught in be/get blocked in5threaten vt.威胁，恐吓自主体验单句语法填空He tied her up and threatened her with a sixinch knife.Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment.David threatened to_report (report) his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid.句式升级He was threatened by terrorists and didnt dare to vote for the president.(过去分词短语作状语)Threatened_by_terrorists,_he_didnt_dare_to_vote_for_the_president.系统归纳(1)threaten sb.with . 用威胁某人threaten to do sth. 威胁要做某事threaten that . 威胁(2)threat n. 威胁，恐吓a threat to sb./sth. 对某人或某事的威胁重点强化易错处处防Some pedestrians are threat to road safety.are_后加a佳句时时写(2017浙江高考书面表达)就在那个时候，狼可能感觉到来自人的威胁，开始撤退了。Just_at_that_time,_the_wolf_might_feel_the_threats_from_the_people,_starting_to_withdraw.6advocate vt.主张，提倡n.提倡者，拥护者自主体验单句语法填空He advocated that the children (should)_be_taken (take) good care of in the charity house.Many experts in education advocated encouraging (encourage) children for good behavior.She has always been an advocate of/for changes to the local economic reform.系统归纳(1)advocate (doing) sth. 提倡/拥护/支持(做)某事advocate that . 主张从句谓语动词用 (should)动词原形(2)an advocate of/for 的提倡者/拥护者重点强化易错处处防They advocated that everyone donated some money to the earthquakestricken area.donateddonate佳句时时写(2017北京高考书面表达)毕业典礼终于到了，我和同学们都主张做一些有意义的事情。经过激烈的讨论，我们同意制作一个视频来记录我们在学校的经历。Graduation ceremony finally came.My classmates and I advocated doing something meaningful.After a heated discussion, we agreed on making a video to record our experiences at school.7adopt vt.采用，采纳；收养自主体验单句语法填空His adopted (adopt) son was said to be admitted into the key university, which made him very happy.If you cant have children of your own, why not consider adoption (adopt)?完成句子After a heated discussion, we all decided to adopt_measures_to_deal_with_the_contemporary_situation (采取措施来处理当前的情况)After much consideration, we all decided to adopt_my_deskmates_suggestion (采纳我同桌的建议)系统归纳(1)adopt a policy/habit 采用某项政策/某种习惯adopt ones suggestion/plan/idea 采纳某人的建议/计划/想法adopt a method/measures 采用某种方法/采取措施adopt an orphan 收养孤儿(2)adopted adj. 收养的(3)adoption n. 收养；采纳重点强化易错对对碰(adopt/adapt)They remended that we (should)_adopt the plan.Not only has she adapted herself to the fast pace of city life, but she is being more and more outgoing.佳句时时写(2014天津高考书面表达)首先，我们应采取科学的饮食，它能提供身体所需。First_of_all,_we_should_adopt_a_scientific_diet,_which_provides_the_necessities_for_our_body.名师指津adopt与adapt词形相近，但意思不同，adapt 意为“适应；改编，改写”。8means n方式，方法；手段自主体验选词填空(by means of/by all means/by no means/by this means)By_no_means can teaching in school be separated from practice.We will by_all_means realize our dreams as long as we stick to them and work hard.By_means_of the Internet, we can gain plenty of useful information.Only by_this_means can you get in touch with your classmates.一句多译各种可能的办法都尝试了，但没有一种奏效。Every_possible_means_has_been_tried,_but none worked.(means 为单数名词)All_possible_means_have_been_tried,_but none worked.(means 为复数名词)系统归纳means of (doing) sth. (做)某事的方法、途径by means of 借助的手段by all means 可以，当然行；务必，一定by no means 决不(置于句首，句子倒装)by this means 用这种方法重点强化易错对对碰(way/method/means/approach)We can work out the problem by this means.We can work out the problem in this way.We can work out the problem with this method.We have found a new approach to this problem.佳句时时写(2015重庆高考书面表达)通过定向分享，我只需要把书传递给其他参与者。书不仅能够共享，还可以搭建一座连接世界各地读者的桥梁。By_means_of_controlled_release,_I_only_need_to_deliver_books_to_other_participants.Not_only_are_books_shared_but_they_can_build_up_a_bridge_connecting_readers_from_different_parts_of_the_world.名师指津(1)当means表示“方法，方式，手段”时，单复数同形。means作主语且有every, each, one等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数；有some, several, many, few, all等词修饰时谓语动词用复数。(2)“(做)的方法”的表达还有：the approach to (doing) sth.; the way to do/of (doing) sth.; the method of (doing) sth.等。(3)“用这种方法”的表达还有：in this way, with this method, an approach to .。9coincidence n巧合；同时发生；一致，相符自主体验单句语法填空By coincidence, my husband and I have the same birthday.The result of the game was coincident (coincidence) with our expectation.完成句子What_a_coincidence! I never dreamed of meeting you here.真巧！我从没想到会在这里遇见你。一句多译当他受伤时，碰巧有辆救护车经过。It_was_a_coincidence_that_an ambulance was passing by when he got injured.By_coincidence,_an ambulance was passing by when he got injured.系统归纳(1)by coincidence 碰巧，巧合的是It is/was a coincidence that . 是巧合的What a coincidence! 真巧！(2)coincident adj. 巧合的，重合的；一致的，相符的重点强化易错处处防In coincidence, they met again after losing contact for twenty years.InBy佳句时时写(2016全国卷书面表达)任何有兴趣的同学都能参加。巧合的是，你拍照好而且一直想为环保做些事情。Any_student_who_is_interested_is_wele_to_participate.By_coincidence,_you_take_good_pictures_and_youve_always_wanted_to_do_something_for_environmental_protection.10considerate adj.体贴的，想得周到的 自主体验单句语法填空Considering what she has done for us, we consider her as a very considerate person.(consider)Mothers Day is ing, and Im considering purchasing (purchase) a gift for mum, one that is to her taste.Changing this situation requires considerable (consider)effort on the part of everyone.Everything taken into consideration (consider), they believed themselves more qualified for the job.The plan he put forward at the meeting is under consideration now and the result will be put up soon.句式升级He took all the aspects into consideration and decided to study abroad.Taking_all_the_aspects_into_consideration,_he_decided_to_study_abroad.(现在分词短语作状语)All_the_aspects_taken_into_consideration,_he_decided_to_study_abroad.(独立主格)系统归纳(1)consideration n 考虑；体谅，关心，体贴under consideration 在考虑中take . into consideration 把考虑在内；考虑(2)considerable adj. 相当大的；相当多的(3)considering prep. 考虑到(4)consider v. 考虑；认为consider sb./sth. to be/as . 认为是；把看作 consider doing sth. 考虑做某事重点强化易错处处防Since youre tired of the present job, why not consider change one？changechanging佳句时时写(2012江苏高考书面表达)不要以自我为中心，尽量要想得周到。我们一定要学会冷静而理智地处理争执。Dont_be_selfcentered_and_try_to_be_considerate.We_must_learn_to_handle_conflicts_calmly_and_wisely.11sacrifice v& n牺牲；献出 自主体验单句语法填空Would you sacrifice a football game to_go (go) out with me?As a mother, she was ready to sacrifice everything for her family.完成句子She made_many_sacrifices_to get her son a good education.为了让儿子接受好的教育，她做出了很多牺牲。He sacrificed_a_promising_career_to_look_after his kids.他为了照顾孩子牺牲了很有前途的事业。系统归纳(1)sacrifice .for . 为而牺牲；牺牲而换得sacrifice . to do sth. 为做某事而牺牲(2)make sacrifices/a sacrifice 做出牺牲重点强化僻义牢牢记People often offered cattle or sheep as a sacrifice in ancient time.祭品佳句时时写(2015浙江高考书面表达)为了集体利益，我倾向于牺牲自己的利益。I_tend_to_sacrifice_my_own_interest_for_the_group_benefit.1refer to涉及，提及；谈到；参考；查阅自主体验写出下列句中refer to的含义If you dont understand some words, you can refer to the dictionary.查阅Your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test.参考We have reached an agreement that we will not refer to the matter again.提及单句语法填空Johnson referred to the discovery as a major breakthrough in medical science yesterday.The girl always refers to the reference books as her good friends and helpers.(refer)完成句子He should call 8022479999 for the information in/with_reference_to his delayed baggage.关于行李延误情况，他应该打电话8022479999询问。You may refer_the_matter_to_him if necessary.必要的话你可以把这件事委托给他。系统归纳(1)refer to . as . 把称作refer . to . 把提交给(以求获得帮助)(2)reference n. 提及；参考；查阅in/with reference to 关于重点强化易错对对碰(refer to/look up)Let me refer_to my notes for the exact figure.Once I look_up something on the Internet, I dont need to keep all the details for future use. 佳句时时写(2018江苏高考书面表达)例如，有大量的参考书，我经常不知如何选择。For_example,_there_are_huge_amounts_of_reference_books_which_I_am_often_confused_to_choose_from.名师指津look up与refer to都有“查找”之意，但look up的宾语是“要查找的具体内容”，refer to的宾语是“查阅使用的工具、资料等”。2lead to引起，导致，造成(后果)；通向自主体验单句语法填空His illness led to his not being able to attend the meeting.I want to know what led you to_take (take) up Japanese when you are in your fifties.完成句子The receptionist led_the_way to the managers office.接待员领路来到经理办公室。Only in peaceful countries can the people lead_a_happy_life.只有在和平的国家，人民才能过上幸福的生活。系统归纳lead sb. to . 引导某人去；带领某人通往lead sb. to do sth. 使得某人做某事lead a(n) .life 过的生活lead the way 领路重点强化易错处处防Studies show that too much multitasking can lead to increase stress, anxiety and memory loss.increaseincreasing佳句时时写(2015湖北高考书面表达)质疑会导致寻找答案。如果我们对于所告知的是否是真的养成提出疑问的习惯，我们就能发现正确答案并学到更多。Questioning_can_lead_to_searching_for_an_answer.If_we_are_in_the_habit_of_raising_doubts_as_to_whether_what_we_are_told_is_true,_we_can_find_the_correct_answer_and_learn_more.3apart from除之外(都)；除之外(尚有)自主体验完成句子Apart_from this, the air and rivers have been heavily polluted.除此之外，空气和河流都被严重污染了。Please take_the_TV_apart to see whats the matter with it.请拆开电视看看出了什么毛病。You can tell_the_two_books_apart by their covers.你可以根据封面把这两本书区分开。He had a deep voice, which set_him_apart_from_others in our small
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