中医院校外语教学改革的实践与探索-上海师范大学.ppt

中庸TheUniversalOrderandConductofLife 上海师范大学外国语学院李照国 何谓 中庸 子程子曰 不偏之谓中 不易之谓庸 中者 天下之正道 庸者 天下之定理 此篇乃孔门传授心法 子思恐其久而差也 故笔之於书 以授孟子 其书始言一理 中散为万事 末复合为一理 放之 则弭六合 卷之 则退藏於密 其味无穷 皆实学也 善读者 玩索而有得焉 则终身用之 有不能尽者矣 第一章 天命之谓性 率性之谓道 修道之谓教 Theordinanceofheaveniswhatwecallthelawofourbeing Tofulfillthelawofourbeingiswhatwecallthemorallaw Themorallawwhenreducedtoasystemiswhatwecalleducation 道也者 不可须臾离也 可离 非道也 Themorallawisalawfromwhoseoperationwecannotforoneinstantinourexistenceescape Alawfromwhichwemayescapeisnotthemorallaw 是故君子戒慎乎其所不睹 恐惧乎其所不闻 Whereforeitisthatthemoralman 君子 watchesdiligentlyoverwhathiseyescannotseeandisinfearandaweofwhathisearscannothear 莫见乎隐 莫显乎微 故君子慎其独也 Thereisnothingmoreevidentthanwhatcannotbeseenbytheeyesandnothingmorepalpablethanwhatcannotbeperceivedbythesenses Whereforethemoralmanwatchesdiligentlyoverhissecretthoughts 喜 怒 哀 乐之未发 谓之中 发而皆中节 谓之和 中也者 天下之大本也 和也者 天下之达道也 Whenthepassions suchasjoy anger griefandpleasure havenotawakened thatisourtrueself 中 ormoralbeing Whenthesepassionsawakenandeachandallattainduemeasureanddegree thatisthemoralorder 和 Ourtrueselformoralbeingisthegreatreality 大本lit greatroot ofexistence andmoralorderistheuniversallawintheworld 致中和 天地位焉 万物育焉 Whentruemoralbeingandmoralorderarerealized theuniversethenbecomesacosmosandallthingsattaintheirfullgrowthanddevelopment 第二章 仲尼曰 君子中庸 小人反中庸 Confuciusremarked Thelifeofthemoralmanisanexemplificationoftheuniversalmoralorder Thelifeofthevulgarperson ontheotherhand isacontradictionoftheuniversalmoralorder 君子之中庸也 君子而时中 小人之反中庸也 小人而无忌惮也 Themoralman slifeisanexemplificationoftheuniversalorder becauseheisamoralpersonwhoconstantlyliveshistrueselformoralbeing Thevulgarperson slifeisacontradictionoftheuniversalorder becauseheisavulgarpersonwhoinhishearthasnoregardfor orfearof themorallaw 第三章 子曰 中庸其至矣乎 民鲜能久矣 Confuciusremarked Tofindandgetintothetruecentral 中 balanceofourmoralbeing i e ourtruemoralordinary 庸 self thatindeedisthehighesthumanattainment Peopleareseldomcapableofitforlong 第四章 子曰 道之不行也 我知之矣 知者过之 愚者不及也 道之不明也 我知之矣 贤者过之 不肖者不及也 Confuciusremarked Iknownowwhythereisnorealmorallife Thewisemistakemorallawtobesomethinghigherthanwhatitreallyis andthefoolishdonotknowenoughwhatmorallawreallyis Iknownowwhythemorallawisnotunderstood Thenoblenatureswanttolivetoohigh highabovetheirmoralordinaryself andignoblenaturesdonotlivehighenough i e notuptotheirmoralordinarytrueself 人莫不饮食也 鲜能知味也 Thereisnoonewhodoesnoteatanddrink Butfewtherearewhoreallyknowthetasteofwhattheyeatanddrink 第五章 子曰 道其不行矣夫 Confuciusremarked Thereisinthisworldnowreallynomoralsocialorderatall 第六章 子曰 舜其大知也与 舜好问以好察迩言 Confuciusremarked TherewastheEmperorShun Hewasperhapswhatmaybeconsideredatrulygreatintellect Shunhadanaturalcuriosityofmindandhelovedtoinquireintonearfacts literally nearwords meaninghereordinarytopicsofconversationineverydaylife 隐恶而扬善 执其两端 用其中於民 其斯以为舜乎 Helookeduponevilmerelyassomethingnegative andherecognizedonlywhatwasgoodashavingapositiveexistence takingthetwoextremesofnegativeandpositive heappliedthemeanbetweenthetwoextremesinhisjudgment employmentanddealingswithpeople ThiswasthecharacteristicofShun sgreatintellect 第七章 子曰 人皆曰 予知 驱而纳诸罟陷阱之中 而莫之知辟也 Confuciusremarked Menallsay wearewise butwhendrivenforwardandtakeninanet atraporapit fall thereisnotonewhoknowshowtofindawayofescape 人皆曰 予知 择乎中庸 而不能期月守也 Menallsay wearewise butinfindingthetruecentralclueandbalanceintheirmoralbeing i e theirnormal ordinary trueself andfollowingthelineofconductwhichisinaccordancewithit theyarenotabletokeepitforaroundmonth 第八章 子曰 回之为人也 择乎中庸 得一善 则拳拳服膺 而弗失之矣 Confuciusremarkedofhisfavorabledisciple YenHui Huiwasamanwhoallhislifesoughtthecentralclueinhismoralbeingandwhenhegotholdofonethingthatwasgoodheembraceditwithallhismightandneverlostitagain 第九章 子曰 天下国家 可均也 爵禄 可辞也 白刃 可蹈也 中庸 不可能也 Confuciusremarked AmanmaybeabletorenouncethepossessionofKingdomsandEmpires beabletospurn 摈弃 thehonorsandemoluments 薪水 ofoffice beabletotrampleuponbare nakedweapons withallthatheshallnotbeabletofindthecentralclueinhismoralbeing 第十章 子路问强 子曰 南方之强与 北方之强与 抑而强与 Tzu luaskedwhatconstitutedforceofcharacter Confuciussaid Doyoumeanforceofcharacterofthepeopleofthesoutherncountries ordoyoumeanforceofcharacterinanabsolutesense 宽柔以教 不报无道 南方之强也 君子居之 Tobepatientandgentle readytoteach returningnotevilforevil thatistheforceofcharacterofthepeopleofthesoutherncountries Itistheidealofthemoralman 衽金革 死而不厌 北方之强也 而强者居之 Tolieunderarmsandmeetdeathwithoutregret thatistheforceofcharacterofthepeopleofthenortherncountries Itistheidealofthebraveman 故君子和而不流 强哉矫 Butforceofcharacterinanabsolutesenseisanotherthing Whereforethemanwiththetrueforceofmoralcharacterisonewhoiseasyandaccommodatingandyetwithoutweaknessorindiscrimination Howunflinchinglyfirmhehisinhisstrength 中立而不倚 强哉矫 Heisindependentwithoutanybias Howunflinchinglyfirmheisinhisstrength 国有道 不变塞焉 强哉矫 Whenthereismoralsocialorderinthecountry ifheenterspubliclife hedoesnotchangefromwhathewaswhenheinretirement 国无道 至死不变 强哉矫 Whenthereisnomoralsocialorderinthecountryheholdsonhiswaywithoutchangingevenuntodeath Howunflinchinglyfirmheisinhisstrength 信箱 zhooushi 博客 谢谢