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第4讲情态动词与虚拟语气1.Its strange that he have taken the books without the owners permission.(2018江苏，24)A.would B.shouldC.could D.might答案B解析句意为：很奇怪，他竟然未经主人同意就拿走了那些书。此处should作情态动词，表示“竟然”，符合句意，故选B。2.There is a good social life in the village，and I wish I a second chance to bee more involved.(2018江苏，27)A.had B.will haveC.would have had D.have had答案A解析句意为：在这个村子里社交生活良好，我希望我能再有机会更多地参与其中。I wish后接从句，从句要用虚拟语气。叙述与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语用did(be动词用were)；叙述与过去事实相反的假设，从句谓语用had done；叙述与将来事实相反的假设，从句谓语用would/could do。由语境可知，此处叙述与现在事实相反的假设，故选A。3.In todays information age，the loss of data cause serious problems for a pany.(2018北京，12)A.need B.shouldC.can D.must答案C解析根据句意可知应该选C项。can在此表示可能性，意为“可能，会”。need需要；should应该；must必须，以上三者均不符合句意。句意为：在如今这个信息时代，数据的丢失可能会给一个公司带来严重的问题。4.They might have found a better hotel if they a few more kilometers.(2018北京，13)A.drove B.would driveC.were to drive D.had driven答案D解析根据主句的谓语形式以及语境可知，if条件句应该用过去完成时，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的结构：主句谓语用“should/would/could/mighthave done”，从句谓语用“had过去分词”。5.I cant find my purse.I it in the supermarket yesterday，but Im not sure.(2018天津，10)A.should leave B.must have leftC.might leave D.could have left答案D解析句意为：我找不到我的钱包了。我昨天可能把它落在了超市里，但我不确定。根据句中的时间状语yesterday可知空格处是对过去发生事情的推测，需用“情态动词have done”，B、D两项符合；再根据句中的but Im not sure排除B项“一定落在”，故选D项。若C项改为might have left，也是正确的。6.If we the flight yesterday，we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.(2018天津，15)A.had caught B.caughtC.have caught D.would catch答案A解析句意为：如果我们昨天赶上了航班的话，我们现在就在海滩上享受假期了。根据前半句中的时间状语yesterday以及后半部分中的would be enjoying及时间状语now可知，这是一个错综时间条件句。从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，故用“had动词的过去分词”。7.Do you have Bettys phone number?Yes.Otherwise，I able to reach her yesterday.(2017天津，15)A.hadnt been B.wouldnt have beenC.werent D.wouldnt be答案B解析句意为：你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？有。不然我昨天就联系不上她了。由空前的otherwise及句意可知应用虚拟语气，此处表示与过去事实相反的情况，谓语动词用would have done，故选B项。8.If it for his invitation the other day，I should not be here now.(2016江苏，27)A.had not been B.should not beC.were not to be D.should not have been答案A解析句意为：如果不是他前几天邀请我，我现在就不会在这里了。根据句子结构和句意可知，此处为虚拟语气，再结合时间状语the other day可知，这是对过去行为的虚拟，故if从句要用过去完成时。诊断报告考向对应题号我的薄弱环节情态动词1,3,5虚拟语气2,4,6,7,8解题方法方法1意义判断法所谓意义判断法就是分析语境并确定应填情态动词的含义。因此熟练掌握每个情态动词的意义和用法是做题的前提。方法2句型判断法有些情态动词需要用在特定的句型中，如may表示推测时，往往用在肯定或否定句中；must表示推测时只能用于肯定句中。运用此法就是通过分析所给句子的句型特点，选用具有特定句型特点的情态动词。方法3语气判断法情态动词主要表示说话人的语气、情感或态度，所以在解答此类试题时，一定要注意说话者的语气(这也是解题的难点)，这就要求正确理解句子，从说话者的角度去考虑问题，结合具体的语境来分析和判断，最后确定所需情态动词是否符合特定的情感需要。方法4人称判断法有些情态动词在表达某个意义时，要与特定的人称连用，这为我们选择正确答案提供了方向。方法5特定词汇、句型提示法虚拟语气可以用在状语从句、名词性从句、定语从句中，在不同的从句中，虚拟语气用不同的动词形式来体现，如if非真实条件句(分三种情形)，wish后的宾语从句等。所以，掌握了各类从句中虚拟语气的动词形式，就基本上掌握了虚拟语气的用法。另外，某些词、句如if it were not for/had not been for，but for.，if only.，without等，往往也要采用虚拟语气。考点1情态动词的基本用法 1.My book，The House of Hades，is missing.Who have taken it? A.need B.mustC.should D.could答案D解析第二句句意为：可能是谁把它拿走了呢？could可表示说话者主观猜测的“可能”，此时用于否定句和疑问句中，符合题意。need需要；must一定，肯定，表猜测时通常只用于肯定句；should多指预期的事，常译为“按道理说应该”。2.They are said to have been familiar with each other.But they .They were introduced only hours ago.A.may not have been B.couldnt have beenC.mustnt have been D.neednt have been答案B解析句意为：据说他们互相之间已经非常熟悉了。但是不可能啊。他们几小时前才被介绍认识的。根据句意可知这是对过去情况的否定推测，应用couldnt have done表示“过去不可能做了某事”。3.Life is unpredictable；even the poorest bee the richest.A.shall B.mustC.need D.might答案D解析句意为：生活是难以预料的，甚至是最穷的人都有可能变成最富的人。might表示比较小的可能性，常用于肯定句和否定句中，符合题意，故选D项。shall表示将来时态，或命令、允诺、威胁等强烈语气；must一定；need需要，均不合题意。4.Samuel，the tallest boy in our class， easily reach the books on the top shelf.(2017北京，21)A.must B.should C.can D.need答案C解析句意为：我们班最高的男孩塞缪尔能(can)轻松地够到顶层架子上的书。此处表示能力，要用can。must必须；should应当，应该；need需要。5.It was really annoying；I get access to the data bank you had remended.A.wouldnt B.couldntC.shouldnt D.neednt答案B解析句意为：真烦人，我无权使用你推荐的资料库。couldnt意为“不能”，符合语境。wouldnt不愿意；shouldnt不应该；neednt没必要。6.My room is a mess，but I clean it before I go out tonight.I can do it in the morning.(2017天津，2)A.darent B.shouldntC.neednt D.mustnt答案C解析句意为：我的房间很乱，不过今晚在我出去之前，我没必要(neednt)打扫它。我可以在(明天)早晨打扫。darent不敢；shouldnt不应该；mustnt不准。7.I have worried before I came to the new school，for my classmates here are very friendly to me.A.mightnt B.mustntC.neednt D.couldnt答案C解析句意为：在来到新学校前我本不必担心，因为在新学校我的同班同学对我很友好。neednt have done sth. 本没必要做某事，符合题意。考点归纳(一)基本用法1.表示肯定推测时mustwillwouldought toshouldcancouldmaymight。2.表示否定推测时cant语气最强，意为“不可能”；may/might/could not的语气较弱，意为“可能不”。(mustnt不表示否定推测，而表示“禁止，不能”。)3.表示推测时，must只能用在肯定句中；may和might往往用在肯定句和否定句中；can和could可用于各种句式，can用于肯定句中时，有时表示“一时的可能性或暂时的可能性”。4.“情态动词do”表示对目前动作的推测；“情态动词be doing”表示对正在发生的动作的推测；“情态动词have done”表示对过去发生的动作的推测。(二)may和might的用法1.表示许可。表示请求允许时，might比may的语气更委婉一些，否定回答时要用mustnt，表示“不可以”“禁止”。(1)You may drive the car.你可以驾驶这辆车。(2)Might I use your pen?No，you mustnt.我能用你的钢笔吗？不，你不能。2.表示推测、可能(常用于肯定句中)。 He may be very busy now.现在他可能很忙。3.用于祈使句中表示祝愿。May you succeed!祝你成功！(三)can和could的用法1.表示能力，could 是 can 的过去式。(1)Can you speak English? 你会说英语吗？(2)Could you speak English then?那时候你会说英语吗？2.表示请求允许，可用 can或 could，could语气较委婉；表示给予允许，一般只用 can，而不能用 could。Could/Can I use your pen?Yes，of course you can.我可以借用你的钢笔吗？当然可以。3.can表推测时，通常只用于否定句或疑问句；有时也用于肯定句中，表示理论上的可能性，或表示“有时可能会”之意。(1)Why does he know this? Can someone have told him about it？他怎么知道？会是哪个人告诉他了吗？(2)It can be very cold in Scotland.苏格兰天气有时会很冷的。(四)need，dare的用法1.need表示“需要”，作情态动词时，常用于否定句或疑问句中。用于疑问句中时，肯定回答要用must。“neednt have过去分词”结构表示“本来不必做某事而实际上做了”。(1)You neednt e so early.你不必来这么早。(2)You neednt have waited for me.你本来没有必要等我的。2.dare作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，过去式形式为dared。(1)How dare you say Im unfair!你怎么敢说我不公平！(2)He darent speak English before such a crowd.他不敢在这么多人面前说英语。3.dare和 need作实义动词用时， 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。考点2情态动词的特殊用法1.I still remember my happy childhood when my mother take me to Disneyland at weekends.A.might B.must C.would D.should答案C解析此题考查的是would表示过去的习惯性动作，可译为“过去常常”。句意为：我仍旧记得我快乐的童年，那时我的母亲常在周末带我去迪士尼乐园。2.Just as we were sitting down to have dinner，the telephone ring.A.must B.could C.might D.need答案A解析must在此表示说话人的愿望或感到不耐烦，意为“偏要”。句意为：正当我们要坐下来吃饭时，偏偏电话铃响了。3.It was sad to me that they，so poor themselves， bring me food.A.might B.would C.should D.could答案C解析句意为：让我难为情的是，他们自己那么穷，竟然还要给我带吃的。should可表示说话人的惊奇、愤怒、失望等特殊情感，此处意为“竟然”，表惊讶。4.According to the new school regulations，the students be forbidden to go out beyond 1030 at night.A.must B.shall C.may D.can 答案B解析句意为：根据新的校规，晚上超过十点半学生禁止外出。shall表示法律条约、规章制度等规定的内容。意为“应该，必须”。考点归纳(一)would的用法would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。(1)He would e to have a chat with us when he was free.他有空时，常会过来跟我们聊天。(2)He used to live in a cottage near the river.他过去常住在河边的一座小木房里。(二)must的用法must用在条件句或疑问句中，有时表示固执坚持，意为“一定要，非得要”。(1)Must you make that dreadful noise?你非要弄出这讨厌的噪音吗？(2)If you must go，take my umbrella.如果你非要走，就带上我的伞。(三)shall的用法1.shall用于主语为第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示说话者(而非句子主语)给对方的一种允诺、威胁、命令、警告等。(1)You shall have a lot of money.你会有很多钱的。(允诺)(2)You shall arrive there before sunset.你们要在日落前到达那里。(命令)(3)She shall get what she deserves.她会有报应的。(警告)2.shall用于主语为第三人称的陈述句中，表示条约、规章、法令等中的义务或规定，常译为“应，必须”。(1)All members shall contribute to the fund needed for carrying on such activities.所有成员都要捐助进行这一类活动所需要的经费。(2)Visitors shall not pick flowers.游客不得攀折花木。3.在下列句型中的that从句里常用should，把that从句的情景看成是可能存在的，也就是说，对从句表达的情景表示怀疑、惊讶、忧虑、惋惜、欢喜等，翻译时，常加上“竟然”两字。Im surprised/sorry/satisfied/glad/afraid/anxious/worried.that.I think it important/a pity.that.I cannot imagine/believe.that.It worries me/astonishes me.that.It is proper/likely/probable/possible.that.(1)Im surprised that he should feel lonely.他竟然会感到孤独，真使我惊讶。(2)It is astonishing that he should have mitted the same mistake.他竟犯了相同的错误，真令人吃惊。考点3考查固定结构中情态动词的用法His way of addressing one hard problem last Friday lead to the rise of another.A.would rather B.may wellC.shall D.need答案B解析句意为：他上周五处理一个难题的方法很有可能导致另一个难题的出现。may well do sth. 很可能做某事，为固定搭配。考点归纳1.cannot/never.too/enough.再也不过分，越越好2.cant help/choose but do.只好做3.cant but do.不得不做4.cant help doing.情不自禁做5.it cant be helped实在没办法；无法避免6.more than sb. can.非某人所能7.may/might well do.很有可能做某事8.may/might as well do.不妨做；还是做的好考点4虚拟语气1.If the new safety system to use，the accident would never have happened.(2017北京，34)A.had been put B.were putC.should be put D.would be put答案A解析句意为：要是新的安全系统被投入使用了的话，这起事故就不会发生了。此处表示与过去事实相反的情况，所以从句谓语用过去完成时，选A项。2. not for the support of the teachers，the student could not overe her difficulty.(2017江苏，22)A.It were B.Were itC.It was D.Was it答案B解析句意为：如果没有老师们的支持，这名学生不可能战胜困难。此处表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语用were；在非真实条件句中，如果有should，had或were时，可以省略if，而把should，had或were提至主语前，形成部分倒装，故选B项。3.Without his wartime experiences，Hemingway his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.A.didnt write B.hadnt written C.wouldnt write D.wouldnt have written答案D解析句意为：要是没有战争时的经历，海明威就不会写出他的著名小说永别了，武器。该句使用了含有without的含蓄虚拟语气，由语境知，这里是对过去情况的假设，因此主句谓语用“would/could/should/mighthave done”，故D项正确。4.It is lucky we booked a room，or we nowhere to stay now.A.had B.had hadC.would have D.would have had答案C解析句意为：很幸运我们订了一个房间，否则我们现在将无处可住。or引导含蓄虚拟条件句，根据“now”可知，是对现在的情况进行虚拟，因此用“would动词原形”，故选C。5.Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I as well as her.A.dance B.will danceC.had danced D.danced答案D解析句意为：埃伦是一位了不起的舞蹈家。要是我能跳得像她一样好那该有多好啊！I wish后接从句，从句用虚拟语气。叙述与现在事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用过去式(be用were)；叙述与将来事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用could/should/would/might do；叙述与过去事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用had done。由语境可知，此处叙述的是与现在事实相反的情况，故谓语动词用过去式，选D项。6.We would rather our daughter at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer.A.would stay B.has stayedC.stayed D.stay答案C解析would rather后跟宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来事实相反；用“had过去分词”表示与过去事实相反。根据后一句中的is可知，此处表示与现在或将来事实相反，故此处动词应用过去式，故选C项。7.It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I it?A.had done B.have doneC.did D.am doing答案A解析句意为：是约翰打坏了窗户。为什么你说得好像是我打坏了似的？题中broke表示“打坏窗户”发生在“过去”。as if/though后面的从句用had done表示对“过去”的虚拟。故A项正确。考点归纳(一)if条件句的虚拟语气时间 虚拟条件句谓语动词主句谓语动词与过去事实相反 had done would/could/should/might have done与现在事实相反 did/werewould/could/should/might do与将来事实相反 did/were were to doshould dowould/could/should/might do(二)if省略句1.当if引导的虚拟条件句中的谓语动词含有had，should，were时，可将if省略，而将had，should，were置于句首，采用倒装结构。If you had left home earlier，you would have caught the bus.Had you left home earlier，you would have caught the bus.如果你早点从家中出门，你就能赶上汽车了。 2.若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用谓语动词的省略形式。 Were it not for the expense，I would go abroad now.要不是考虑到花销，我现在可能都出国了。(三)含蓄条件句用介词(短语)代替条件状语从句，常用的介词(短语)有without，but for，but that，otherwise，or，but等。 (1)Without your help，we could not have succeeded.没有你的帮助，我们不可能取得成功。 (2)But for electricity，there would be no modern industry.要是没有电，就没有现代产业。 (3)He felt very tired yesterday，or he would have attended the party.他昨天太累了，否则他会参加派对的。 (四)wish后的宾语从句wish后的宾语从句中分别用过去式、过去完成式和“could/would动词原形”表示与现在、过去和将来情况相反。(1)I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你一样高。(2)He wished he hadnt said that.他希望他没讲过那样的话。(3)I wish it would rain tomorrow.我希望明天下雨。(五)特殊句式would rather.过去时(与现在或将来相反)/过去完成时(与过去相反)Id rather you came tomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。(六)as if 从句在as if 从句中，常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反，用过去完成式 (had done)。(1)She looks after the boy as if he were her own son.她照顾这男孩就像对自己的儿子一样。 (2)She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。拓展延伸1.当条件句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称作“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。 If you had studied hard before，you would be a college student now.如果你以前用功学习了的话，你现在就是一名大学生了。 2.虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用 demand，suggest，order，insist等表命令、建议、要求后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“(should)动词原形。We suggested that Tom (should) have a rest.我们建议汤姆去休息一下。在It is necessary/important/strange that.；It is suggested/demanded/ordered/requested that.等从句中，谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。(1)It is important that we (should) master a foreign language.掌握一门外语很重要。(2)Its suggested that the plan (should) be carried out.人们建议执行这个计划。试比较：It is strange that he had made a mistake.(陈述一个事实：他犯了错误让人感到奇怪。)It is strange that he (should) have made a mistake.(虚拟语气，说话者是在责备他本不应该犯错。)3.在idea，advice，order，demand，request等表命令、建议、要求的名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中，其谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。(1)My demand is that she (should) e to see me once a week.我要求她一周来看我一次。(2)All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory (should) be closed down.我们都支持关闭化工厂的建议。4.Its (high/about) time that主语过去时/should do(should不可省略)，意为“到了某人做的时候了”。It is high time that we went to bed/should go to bed.到了我们睡觉的时候了。1.I wish that you such a bad headache because I am sure you would have enjoyed the concert then.(2018天津一中3月考)A.wouldnt have B.did not haveC.hadnt had D.havent got答案C解析句意为：我希望你没得那场头痛，因为我相信你会喜欢那场音乐会的。wish后跟宾语从句要用虚拟语气，根据从句时态you would have enjoyed可以判断是与过去事实相反，所以用过去完成时had done。2.What does the sign over there read?“No person smoke or carry a lighted cigarette or pipe in this restaurant.”(2017河西区二模)A.will B.shall C.need D.must答案B解析句意为：那边的牌子上写着什么？“任何人不得在本餐厅吸烟或手持点燃的香烟或烟斗。” shall在此处表示“规定”。3.Im afraid theres no good news for you，Tom.Shall I tell your parents or shall I just let them know nothing about the result of this exam?Id rather they know，sir.(2017河西区二模)A.dont B.wont C.didnt D.not答案C解析句意为：恐怕你没有什么好消息，汤姆。我是应该告诉你的父母还是让他们对这次考试的结果一无所知呢？我宁愿他们不知道，老师。would rather后跟从句时，从句用虚拟语气，表示与将来相反的愿望，动词用过去时。4.Can I go now，sir?If you leave，do it quietly.(2017天津十二所重点中学一模)A.should B.must C.shall D.may答案B解析句意为：我现在可以走吗，先生？如果你非要离开，悄悄地走。must偏要，非得。5.If I time，I would certainly go to the movies with you，but I have a lot of work to do.(2017红桥区二模)A.had B.haveC.will have D.had had答案A解析句意为：如果我有时间的话，我肯定会和你一起去看电影，但是我有很多工作要做。对现在情况的虚拟，条件句谓语动词需用动词的过去式，故选A。6. the rain stop，the crops would be saved.(2017河东区二模)A.Will B.Would C.Should D.Had答案C解析句意为：如果雨停了的话，庄稼将会得救。表示对将来情况的假设，可用“should动词原形”。从句为省略if将should提前构成的倒装。7.What he said at the meeting made Mary rather embarrassed，so he felt that he differently.(2018南开区一模)A.might express B.should expressC.could have expressed D.must have expressed答案C解析could have done过去本能够做某事实际没做。句意为：在会上他的发言使得玛丽非常尴尬，因此他认为他本可以以不同的方式表达。must have done是对过去的一种肯定推测。8.George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but Id rather he more on its culture.(2018红桥区二模)A.focus B would focusC.focused D.had focused答案C解析句意为：乔治将谈论他的国家的地理，但我宁愿他更多地关注它的文化。would rather sb. did sth. “宁愿某人做某事”，是虚拟语气的固定句型，是对现在的虚拟，如果对过去虚拟则用would rather sb. had done。根据句意判断本句是对现在的虚拟。9.Im sorry. for my illness，I would have e and lent you a helping hand.(2017和平区一模)A.Were it not B.If it were notC.Had it not been D.If it has not been答案C解析句意为：我很抱歉。要不是我病了，我会来帮你一把的。从句为省略if的部分倒装结构，由主句中的would have e以及句意可知，这里是对过去情况的假设，故选C。10.The new supermarket announced that the first to purchase goods on the opening day get a big prize.(2018天津一中4月考)A.must B.will C.shall D.need答案C解析情态动词shall常常用在二、三人称的陈述句中表示“命令、警告、允诺”等；根据句意可知，超市承诺，第一个购物者会获大奖。故选C。专题强化练(四).单项填空1.He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball；otherwise，he a goal.(2018南开区二模)A.would score B.scoredC.would have scored D.had scored答案C解析句意为：他在踢球前犹豫了一会儿，否则，他会进一球。由otherwise和hesitated可知，这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，谓语动词用“wouldhave过去分词”构成。2.I phoned you yesterday morning.A girl answered，but I didnt recognize the voice.Oh，it my younger sister.She was in my room at that moment.(2017南开区二模)A.must have been B.should have beenC.could have been D.may have been答案A解析句意为：我昨天早上给你打电话了。接电话的是一个女孩子，但我没有听出是谁的声音。哦，一定是我妹妹。当时她在我的房间里。表示对过去的肯定性推测，用“musthave done”结构。3.Why didnt you call me?Oh，my cell-phone ran out of power，otherwise I you.(2017天津十二区县一模)A.would call B.had calledC.called D.would have called答案D解析英语中当表示条件时没有连词if，而是用otherwise、or、but、but for等形式来表达，这种类型的虚拟语气被称之为含蓄的虚拟条件句。本题中otherwise表示“否则”，相当于一个虚拟条件句。由“ran out of power”可知，这是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟，所以用“would/should/could/mighthave done”，故选D。4.Its no use envying others success.Its time you hard.(2016天津十二区县二联)A.must work B.were to workC.work D.should work答案D解析句意为：嫉妒别人的成功是没有用的，是该你努力工作的时候了。在Its time (that).句式中，从句的谓语用动词的过去式或“should动词原形”(should不能省略)。故选D。5.If you drive so fast，youll run the risk of losing your license for six months.(2018南开区二模)A.would B.may C.should D.must答案D解析would过去常常，将会；may可以；should应该；must必须，偏要。根据句意知，D项正确。6.What do you think would happen if the engine suddenly stop working？(2018天津部分区县二模)A.should B.mightC.could D.would答案A解析这句话使用虚拟语气，表示和将来相反的假设，if条件句用should do，were to do或did；主句用would do。might可能；could能够；would将会，都不能这样用。7.Your mother have fallen asleep.You were making so much noise so late in the yard then！(2017天津五校联考一模)A.mustnt B.cantC.mightnt D.shouldnt答案B解析mustnt禁止；cant不可能；mightnt可能没；shouldnt不应该。根据句意“你妈妈不可能睡着了，那时侯你在院子里搞出那么多的噪音！”及所给选项分析可知，选B。8.My mother angry with me，but I couldnt shut my mouth before I shouted at her！(2018天津十二区县一模)A.wasntB.wouldnt beC.wouldnt have beenD.hadnt been答案C解析由语境“我妈妈本来不会对我生气的，但在我对她大叫之前，我不能闭上嘴！”可知，此处是对过去的虚拟，所以主句用would/should/could/mighthave过去分词。9.I forgot all about the party yesterday.I ，too，if my secretary hadnt reminded me.(2018天津十二区县二模)A.did B.hadC.should D.would have答案D解析句意为：昨天我把聚会的事全忘了。如果我的秘书没有提醒我，我也会的。由此可以判断本句是对过去事实的虚拟，所以主句用情态动词have done。10.Had the governments and scientists not worked together，AIDS-related deaths since their highest in 2005.(2017南开区一模)A.had not fallen B.would not fallC.did not fall D.would not have fallen答案D解析根据题干，从句中had置于句首可知，此处为虚拟语气中省略连词if的情况。由从句中谓语动词had not worked (had done)可知，是对过去情况的假设，所以主句中的谓语动词应用would/could/might/should have done来表示对过去情况的假设，故选D。11.Some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy；they just be quiet people.(2018和平区一模)A.may B.must C.should D.would答案A解析句意为：有些不愿多讲话的人并不是真的害羞；他们可能只是安静的人。may可能，也许，表示不确定、没有把握；must必须；should理应，应该；would将要。12.But for the chances I was blessed with，my life easily a turn for the worse.(2017河东区一模)A.would；take B.will；have takenC.should；take D.could have；taken答案D解析句中but for表示条件，意为“要不是”，表示与过去事实相反的假设，要用虚拟语气；对过去的虚拟，主句要用情态动词加完成时态来构成；will不能构成虚拟，故选D。13.If only I at the party last night！But I had to prepare for the conference.(2017河西区一模)A.were B.had beenC.have been D.was答案B解析if only要是就好了，表达要用虚拟语气，根据句中的时间状语last night，可以看出是对过去的虚拟，所以时态要用过去完成时had done，故选B。14.The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students two weeks to prepare for the exams.(2016红桥区一模)A.give B.be givenC.should give D.would be given答案B解析句意为：老师赞同这个建议：给学生两周的备考时间。名词suggestion后的同位语从句要用虚拟语气，其虚拟形式为“(should)动词原形”，又因为students与give之间为被动关系，故谓语需用被动形式，选B。15.Had they known what was ing next，they second thoughts.(2018和平区三模)A.may have B.could haveC.must have had D.might have had答案D解析本句是一个倒装句。可还原为：If they had known what was ing next，they might have had second thoughts.根据had known提示可知，是与过去事实相反的假设，因此虚拟语气主句中应该用would/might have done。.完形填空(2018河北区二模)When
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