新GRE作文 Argument 自创模版

GRE Argument 模版GRE argument 作文大概可分为三个部分：开头、正文、结尾。对于不同的写作要求，只需要在开头和结尾适当呼应即可。Argument 中常用词可用同义词代替，避免重复。下面是高频词的叙词表：Claim/ view/ assumption/ assertion/ conclusion/ argument/ result/ conjecture/ prediction/ verdict/ recommendationData/ demonstration/ testimony/ evidence/ proof/ information/ confirmation/corroborationApplicant/ speaker/ XXX/ arguer/ authorPossibility/ explanation/ scenario/ reason开头A, E, Q 对应三种写作要求AssumptionEvidencequestion，可参见张雷东讲义或者GRE 写作思路剖析 说明：黄色高亮是根据材料补充的内容,绿色高亮表示上一句可以用下一句同等替换。A带 concession 结构By citing that evidence, this argument concludes that conclusion. Though concession OR Though this argument might seem reasonable at first glance, it relies on a series of assumptions/conjectures that evidence. Since these assumptions are not well supported, the conclusion reached is unpersuasive as it stands.EIn the argument, XXX asserts that conclusion. To support his /her argument, the speaker/applicant points out that evidence. However, close scrutiny of the evidences reveals that it accomplishes little toward supporting the XXXs view. Beyond this data/demonstration/testimony, more specific evidence would, however, be still in great need in solidifying the projected result.QThis argument is intended to point out that conclusion. This prediction/assertion seems strengthened by evidence. He or She also sites evidence /demonstration/ testimony that evidence. These supporting evidences, however, lends little credible support to the arguers claim, for answers to several questions should be further clarified.正文推理错误 Flaws in the reasoning line通用格式列举他因、错误类比、草率推广Even if concession, the argument rests on further assumption that fallacy. Yet this need not be the case for a variety of possible reasons. OR However this will not necessarily be the case. Perhaps example. Or perhaps example. Unless the author can rule out such possibilities/explanations/scenarios/reasons, OR In short, without ruling out other alternative reasons, the author cannot justifiably conclude that/rely on conclusion. Finally, even if /granted that the author can substantiate the foregoing assumptions, it is too hasty to conclude that fallacy. In relying on the lack of solid/robust evidence, the speaker overlooks the possibility that example. It is entirely/equally possible that example. If so, the author must solidify the prediction accordingly.充分性、因果关系、列举他因The authors position taken from the assumed prediction that fallacy preclude the possibility that example. Yet the author fails to provide assurances that no other means to achieve the predicted/desired result. Nor does the author provide clear evidence that example. OR Useful would be any information about the likelihood that example. Lacking such evidence the author cannot reasonable conclude conclusion.错误类比、 列举他因Yet another problem with the argument involves XXXs implicit claim that conclusion. OR The implication the author hints here is that conclusion. This claim relies on the unlikely assumption that fallacy. OR In order to reasonably conclude that conclusion, XXX must assume that fallacy. Nevertheless, there is no guarantee that it is necessarily the case. (Evidence are not the only factor affecting conclusion.列举他因时使用 ) Other (such) factors might include example. Furthermore, the author does not provide any information about example. Thus regardless of such evidence OR With no consideration about such evidence, the speaker cannot justify the conclusion that conclusion.此段是 conclusion + fallacy 双结构这种结构不仅提供了 concession，还可用于“为了得出某某结论 (conclusion)，作者必须假设 XX (fallacy)”的逻辑论述逻辑顺序是：结论 + fallacy + 原因 + 例子时效性、参数恒定The final questions with the argument involve the experimental process. The experiments results are reliable only if all other factor that might affect conclusion remained constant during time, and if the results of experimental subjects is statistically significant. Yet the author fails to provide assurances that no other factors that would influence the conclusion. Without evidence of the experiments methodological and statistical reliability, the speakers conclusion is unjustifiable.For additional support the author points out that fallacy. However, historical changes should not be abbreviated in this judgment. example. Only if all other factors affecting the assertion were essentially the same for time could the article rely on this assumption to support its claim.样本问题 Flaws in sample样本数量、样本质量Additionally, the Reliability of the authors study rests on its statistical integrity. The argument fails to indicate that example (what portion the example is), the smaller this portion, the less reliable the results).Moreover, it is equally likely that example. Since (the amount of 样本数量时加上 ) applicants has not adequately responded to this concern, the claim that conclusion is untenable.样本质量To begin with, the author provides no assurances that the survey on which the argument depends is statistically reliable. Unless the surveys respondents are representative of the overall XXX, the author cannot rely on it to predict conclusion. For all we know a significant percentage of the respondents was example. For this matter, the assumption that respondents are typical of XXX is unjustified.Conclusion + fallacy 双结构特殊格式三段带 example 的 conclusion 短文 ,，适用于短小论证片段In short, with no data example, the speaker cannot confidently identify what caused the subjects to conclusion.It is impossible to conclude with any confidence that conclusion without comparing/considering example.With no consideration about example, the speaker cannot justify the conclusion that conclusion.定义攻击A threshold problem involves the definition of a critical term: wrong definition. If by XXX, the author simply means: correct definition, then the claim would have merit, otherwise, it would not. Absent either a clear definition of the term or clear evidence that assumption, it is impossible to assess the strength of the argument. 结尾In summary, the recommendation relies on certain doubtful assumptions that render it unconvincing as it stands. To bolster the recommendation, XXX must provide clear evidence that Suggestion. The speaker must rule out the possibility that Suggestion. If the arguer could substantiate the critical assumption/question that Suggestion, the conclusion would be better supported.