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英语语法复习,名词,名词表示人、事物、地点的名称或者抽象概念的词。名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词两类。,名词的定义和分类,名词的种类,专有名词：,普通名词：,可数：,不可数：,个体名词nurse,house,horse,apple,pen,集体名词people,family,class,trousers,物质名词：water,paper,air,milk,抽象名词：work,housework,homework,information,news,weather,专有名词是具体的人和事物等特有名称。专有名词的第一个字母要大写，人名、地名、公共节日及月份、周日的名称等等都是属于专有名词。如：YaoMing,China,March,NewYearsDay等。,物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，为不可数名词。不可数名词前不能加冠词a或an来表示量，也没有复数形式。,名词的单数形式一般可用a来修饰acarabookauniversity在元音发音开头的单词前用ananelephantanappleaneraseranhouranhonestboyaninterestingbook.请注意：ausefulthinganunusualthing,名词的复数形式1.复数形式的构成方法(1)一般在名词后加“s”dogdogs(2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加“es”boxeswatchesbusesbrushes,(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加“es”countrycountriesfactoryfactories如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词则只须加“s”boyboysmonkeymonkeys,(4)以o结尾的名词加“s”radioradioszoozoos只有potato,tomato和hero加“es”构成复数potatopotatoestomatotomatoes(5)以f、fe结尾的名词,变f、fe为v再加“es”wifewivesshelfshelvesknifeknivesleafleaves,(6)可数名词的不规则变化。如：manmenwomanwomentoothteethfootfeetchildchildrenFrenchmanFrenchmen,(1)小马虎弹着钢琴(piano)听着收音机(radio),又到动物园(zoo)照了张相(photo),但考试得了个大鸡蛋(零分zero),一律加s。(2)黑人(Negro)英雄(hero)爱吃土豆(potato)西红柿(tomato),全部加es。,(7)单复数形式相同的名词：如：sheepsheepfishfish;ChineseChineseJapaneseJapanese(8)有些名词无单数形式。如：people(作“人们”解时)policeclothes.(9)pants,shorts,glasses(眼镜)只用复数形式。,(10)由man,woman构成的合成名词，变复数时将名词及man,woman都变成复数。如：mandrivermendriverswomanteacherwomenteachers但其他合成名词，只要把合成名词中的中心词变为复数形式。如：abananatreebananatreesashoefactoryshoefactories,不可数名词物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词如:water，rice，fish，meat等。另外还有：,worktimemusicmoneyweatherhomeworkwoodInformationnewsmedicine,1.不可数名词无复数形式，作主语时常看成单数盘子里有一些面包。Thereissomebreadontheplate.没有消息就是好消息。Nonewsisgoodnews.2.常用howmuch,much,alittle,little,alotof,some,any等来修饰不可数名词他每天花很多时间玩电脑游戏。Hespendsmuchtimeinplayingcomputergameseveryday.迈克在家几乎不做家务。Mikedoeslittlehouseworkathome.,3.常用apieceof,acupof,aglassof,abottleof等来表示不可数名词的量,单复数表现在of前面的名词上，而of后始终是单数Thereisapieceofpaperonthedesk.Wewantthreeglassesoforange.,注意：可数名词也可用量来表示，of后用复数Therearetwobagsofeggsinthebasket.,桌子上有一张纸。,我们想要三杯橙汁。,篮子里有两袋鸡蛋。,4.有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同(1)glass(玻璃)aglass(玻璃杯)paper(纸)apaper(报纸)work(工作)awork(著作)room(空间)aroom(房间),(2)fruit(水果)fruits(各种水果)fish(鱼)fishes(各种鱼)time(时间)times(时代),bird-ladyorange-ruler-cat-boy-girlcase-wife-watchtree-key-questionfriendphoto-card-family-dictionary,birds,ladies,oranges,rulers,cats,boys,girls,cases,wives,watches,trees,keys,questions,friends,families,dictionaries,photos,cards,(1)Howmany_doyouwant?Akilo,please.A.bananasB.meatC.breadD.milk(2)Takingawalkintheeveningisagood_.Soitis,itkeepushealthy.A.ruleB.hobbyC.habitD.favor(3)Thesepeoplearefrom_.Theyare_.A.Germany;GermenB.German;GermanyC.Germany;GermaniesD.Germany;Germans(4)Wouldyoupassme_?Iwanttowritealetter.A.apaperB.apieceofpaperC.twopaperD.twopieceofpaper,A,C,D,B,Choosethebestanswers.,(5)_mothersbothworkinthishospital.A.JimandBillsB.JimsandBillsC.JimandBillD.JimsandBill(6)InChina,September10this_.A.TeachersDayB.TeachersDayC.TeacherDayD.TeachersDay(7)Excuseme,whereisthe_？A.mensrestroomB.mensrestroomC.mensrestroomsD.menrestrooms(8)Thepostofficeisalittlefarfromhere.Itsabout_.A.thirtyminutesswalkB.thirtyminuteswalkC.thirtyminuteswalkD.thirtyminuteswalk(9)MissYanisafriendof_.A.MarysmothersB.MarysmotherC.mothersofMaryD.Marymothers,B,D,A,C,A,
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