资源描述
EnglishLiterature,Review,Typesofquestions,.Blankfilling(215=30).MultipleChoice(120=20).TrueorFalse(110=10).LiteraryTerms(25=10).PoemAppreciation(215=30),Whatwevelearned?,TheAnglo-SaxonPeriodTheAnglo-NormanPeriodThe14thcenturyTheRenaissanceThe17thcenturyThe18thcenturyThe19thcenturyThe20thcentury,BeowulfRomance;WilliamLangland,GeoffreyChaucer,WilliamShakespeare,JohnMiltonRealisticNovel;Sentimentalism，Pre-romanticism,Romanticism;CriticalRealism,StreamofConsciousnessModernism,IntroductiontoLiterature,Definition:Literatureistheartthatuseslanguageasamedium.Literatureistheworkofmenwhoarespeciallysensitivetothelanguageoftheirtimeandwhousesuchskilltomakepermanenttheirvisionoflife.,IntroductiontoLiterature,LiteratureForm：Fictionhavefourgenres:novels,shortstories,plays,andpoems.Fictionisreferredtoascreativeorfigurativeexpressionoflife.Non-fictionisessay,whichhastraditionallybeenclassifiedinto4categories:description,narration,exposition,andargumentation.,Anglo-Saxon:449-1066,EnglishLiteraturebeganwiththeAnglo-SaxonsettlementinEngland.Englandsnationalepic:BeowulfEpic：alongnarrativepoetrytellingthestoryofherosdeedsoftheoldtime.,Anglo-NormanPeriod,1066,TheNormanConquestThebattleofHastingsbyWilliamI,DukeofNormandy.Romance:alongcomposition,sometimesinprose,describingthelifeandadventuresofanoblehero.Theheroisusuallyaknightwhoisloyaltothekingandlord.TheculminationoftheArthurianromancesSirGawainandtheGreenKnight,WilliamLangland,DistinctClasses:TheLandlordandthePeasantPiersthePlowman:writteninaformofdreamvision,describingapictureoffeudalEngland.Allegory:usessymbolismtorelatetruth.Ballad:astorytoldinsong,usuallyin4-linestanzas,withthesecondandfourthlinesrhymed.RobinHood,GeoffreyChaucer,Themostimportantwriterinthe14thcentury.“FatherofEnglishpoetry”:ChaucerintroducedfromFrancetherhymedstanzas-heroiccouplet.Heroiccouplet:isarhymedcoupletofiambicpentameter.(每行五音部，双行押韵）ContributiontothestandardEnglish.TheRomanceoftheRose玫瑰罗曼史(translationfromFrench)TheCanterburyTales坎特伯雷故事集,EnglishRenaissance,HenryVII:theTudorDynastyHenryVIII:theReformationTheRenaissanceMovement,TheRenaissanceandhumanism,TheRenaissancewasanintellectualmovement.ItsprangfromfirstinItalyinthe14thcenturyandgraduallyspreadalloverEurope.Twofeaturesarestriking.OneisathirstingcuriosityfortheclassicalliteratureoftheGreekandLatin.Anotherfeatureisthekeeninterestintheactivitiesofhumanity.Humanismisthekey-noteoftheRenaissance.,EnglishRenaissance,Poet:EdmundSpenser;WilliamShakespeareSonnet:Afourteen-linepoeminiambicpentameterwithacarefullypatternedrhymeschemeababcdcdefefggEdmundSpenser:TheFairyQueenandsonnet75Essayist:FrancisBaconandOfStudiesWriter:ThomasMoreandUtopia,(1520s-1620s),Thehighestglory:dramaTheMiraclePlayandTheMoralityplay:Mercy-;Folly-Playwright:ChristopherMarloweWilliamShakespeareChristopherMarlowefirstmadeblankversetheprincipalvehicleofexpressionindrama.BlankVerse:rhymelessiambicpentameter.,WilliamShakespeare,Greatcomedies:AMidsummerNightsDream,TheMerchantofVenice,AsYouLikeItandTwelfthNightGreattragedies:Hamlet,KingLear,MacbethandOthelloRomeoandJulietTheTempestSonnet18:rhyme,writingtechniquesandtheme.,Sonnet18WilliamShakespeare,SonnetisaveryimportantformofEnglishmetricalpoetry.Ithas14lineswrittentoaregularrhymescheme.SonnetwasinventedbytheItalianpoet,FrancescoPetrarchintheearly14thcentury.TheShakespeareansonnetismadeupof3quatrainsfollowedbyacouplet.Itsrhymeschemeisabab,cdcd,efef,gg.,Sonnet18WilliamShakespeare,evenly-tempered;notovercomebypassion.,a,b,a,b,Sonnet18WilliamShakespeare,thesun,thebeautyofeverythingbeautifulwillfade,thenaturalchangesagebrings.,Sonnet18WilliamShakespeare,thatbeautyyoupossess.,Sonnet18WilliamShakespeare,Sonnet18WilliamShakespeare,RhymeScheme:ababcdcdefefggTheme:Inthesonnet,thepoetcompareshisbelovedtothesummerseason,andarguesthathisbelovedisbetter.Thepoetalsostatesthathisbelovedwillliveonforeverthroughthewordsofthepoem.,Sonnet75EdmundSpenser,OnedayIwrotehernameuponthestrand,Butcamethewavesandwasheditaway:,AgayneIwroteitwithasecondhand,Butcamethetyde,andmademypayneshispray.,Sonnet75,“Vayneman,”saydshe,“thatdoestinvaineassay,Amortallthingsotoimmortalize,ForImyselveshalllyketothisdecay,Andeekmynamebeewypdoutlykewize.”,giveendlesslife,mortal,thatcannotliveforever,Sonnet75,“Notso,”quodI,“letbaserthingdevize,Todyindust,butyoushalllivebyfame:,Myverseyourvertuesrareshalleternize,Andintheheavenswryteyourgloriousname.,thethingconsideredasworthless,plan,lastandexistforever,Sonnet75,Wherewhenasdeathshallalltheworldsubdew,Ourloveshalllive,andlaterliferenew.”,Sonnet75,Rhyme:ababbcbccdcdee,WritingTechnique:metaphor;contrast,Theme:Lifeistransient;Whileasakindofgenuineartcreation,poemcancontendwithtime.Allchangeexceptthetruelove,The17thCentury,ThePeriodofRevolution：theGloriousRevolutionin1688LiteraryRepresentatives:JohnDonneJohnMilton:ParadiseLostJohnBunyan:ThePilgrimProgressJohnDryden,ParadiseLost失乐园alongepicin12books,writteninblankverseImageofSatanParadiseRegain复乐园SamsonAgonistes力士参孙：apoeticaldramamodelledontheGreektragediesAreopagitica-asadeclarationofpeoplesfreedomofthepress,hasbeenaweaponinthelaterdemocraticrevolutionarystrugglesFirstusedblankverseinnon-dramaticworks,JohnMilton,JohnBunyan,ThePilgrimsProgress,areligiousallegory,tellsthejourneyofamannamedChristianVanityfair,JohnDonne,Metaphysicalpoetryisgenerallycharacterizedbyfantasticmetaphorsandconceits.Metaphysicalpoets:JohnDonne;GeorgeHerbert;AndrewMarvell;HenryVaughanJohnDonnespoemscanbedividedintotwocategories:theyouthfullovelyricsandthelatersacredverses.,JohnDryden(1631-1700),ThemostdistinguishedliteraryfigureoftheRestorationPeriod.ThePoetLaureate/TheLaureateHeestablishedtheheroiccoupletasoneoftheprincipalEnglishverseformsTheforerunneroftheEnglishclassicism.,The18thCentury:TheEnlightenment,TheEnlightenmentisaprogressiveintellectualmovementthatcelebratesreason,equality,scienceandhumanabilitytoperfectthemselvesandtheirsociety.Therisingbourgeoisieclassagainstfeudalism.TheriseoftheEnglishnovel,Literatureofthe18thcentury,Itisanageofproseratherthanpoetry.Literaltrends:Neoclassicism:Thenovel:Sentimentalism:Pre-romanticism:,Addison，Steele，Pope,Defoe,Swift,Fielding,Richardson,Goldsmith,Sterne,Gray,WilliamBlake,RobertBurns,AlexanderPope,TheRepresentativeofNeo-ClassicismClassicismemphasizesthetraditionalandtheuniversal,placesvalueonreason,clarity,balance,andorder,andconcernsforreasonanduniversalthemes.heroiccouplet-TheRapeoftheLock,The18thcenturyNovel,DanielDefoeRobinsonCrusoeHenryFieldingTomJonesSamuelRichardson:PamelaJonathanSwift(amasterofsatire)GulliversTravelsPlay:RichardSheridanTheSchoolforScandal,JonathanSwift,OneofthegreatestsatiristsTheBattleoftheBooks书籍之战TheTaleofaTub木桶的故事-parableAModestProposal一个小小的建议-AbittersatireonEnglishgovernmentspolicyofexploitationandoppressioninIreland.GulliversTravels格列佛游记LilliputBrobdingnagTheflyingislandofLaputaHouyhnhnms,DanielDefoe,RobinsonCrusoe:oneoftheforerunnersoftheEnglishrealisticnovel.MasterandFridaybourgeoisoutlook,OtherNovelists,HenryFielding:-thefounderoftheEnglishrealisticnovel-TomJonesSamuelRichardson-PamelaSamuelJohnson-ADictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage,Pre-romanticism,Representatives:-WilliamBlake：SongsofInnocence-TheLittleBlackracialdiscriminationSongsofExperience-London-RobertBurns：rememberedmainlyforhissongswrittenintheScottishdialectonavarietyofsubjects.ARedRedRose,LondonWilliamBlake,Iwanderthroeachcharterdstreet,NearwherethecharterdThamesdoesflow,AndmarkineveryfaceImeet,Marksofweakness,marksofwoe.,chartered=controlledbythestate.,Therepetitionstressesthedespairandtiredness,LondonWilliamBlake,IneverycryofeveryMan,IneveryInfantscryoffear,Ineveryvoice,ineveryban,Themind-forgdmanaclesIhear.,restraintsforgedforthemindbyBritishrulingclassideology,LondonWilliamBlake,HowtheChimney-sweeperscry,Everyblackningchurchappalls;,AndthehaplessSoldierssigh,RunsinblooddownPalacewalls.,Thepoetimaginesthatbloodrunningdownonthewallsofthepalacewhilehearingthesighsofthemiserablesoldiers.,1.pollution2.Thehypocrisyandcorruptionofthechurch-unwillingtohelp,LondonWilliamBlake,ButmostthromidnightstreetsIhear,HowtheyouthfulHarlotscurse,Blaststhenew-bornInfantstear,AndblightswithplaguestheMarriagehearse.,refertothespreadofvenerealdisease(性病),LondonWilliamBlake,RhymeScheme:fourquatrains,withalternatelinesrhyming,abab,cdcd,efef,ghgh.RhetoricDevices:repetition;alliterationImages:variousdifferentgroupsofcitizens(men,infants,chimney-sweeper,soldier,harlot)thatpopulatedLondon,givingusavividpictureofLondonlifeatthattime.peoplearesufferingfromamiserablelife.Theme:ThepoemgivesusareflectionofallthemiseriesandillsinLondon,economic,religious,political,military,allaspectsofsociallife.,Beginsin1798withthepublicationofWordsworthandColeridgesTheLyricalBalladsEndsin1832withWalterScottsdeath.TheAmericanIndependenceWar,theFrenchRevolutionandtheEnglishIndustrialRevolutionexertgreatinfluenceonEnglishRomanticism.,EnglishRomanticism,FeaturesofRomanticism,1.Anemphasisonsubjectivism(feeling,imagination,intuition)2.Alovefornature3.Abeliefinindividualityandfreedom4.Aninterestinthepast,theunusual,theunfamiliar,themysterious,thesupernatural(imagination)Romanticismisarevoltagainstauthorityandtradition.,RomanticLiterature,Poetry:TheLakepoetsRomanticpoetsEssay:CharlesLambNovel:WaltScottJaneAusten,conservative,revolutionary,Wordsworth,Coleridge,Southey,Byron,Shelley,andKeats,27Historicalnovels,PrideandPrejudice,WilliamWordsworth,ArepresentativepoetoftheEnglishRomanticMovement“thespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings,whichoriginatesinemotionrecollectedintranquility.”IWanderedLonelyasACloudMyHeartLeapsup-Thechildisthefatherofaman,IWanderedLonelyasaCloud,Iwanderedlonelyasacloud,Thatfloatsonhighoervalesandhills,WhenallatonceIsawacrowd,Ahost,ofgoldendaffodils;,Besidethelake,beneaththetrees,Flutteringanddancinginthebreeze.,IWanderedLonelyasaCloud,Continuousasthestarsthatshine,Andtwinkleonthemilkyway,Theystretchedinnever-endingline,Alongthemarginofabay;,TenthousandsawIataglance,Tossingtheirheadsinsprightlydance,IWanderedLonelyasaCloud,Thewavesbesidethemdanced;butthey,Outdidthesparklingwavesinglee:,Apoetcouldnotbutbegay,Insuchajocundcompany:,Igazedandgazedbutlittlethought,Whatwealththeshowtomehadbrought:,IWanderedLonelyasaCloud,Foroft,whenonmycouchIlie,Invacantorinpensivemood,Theyflashuponthatinwardeye,Whichistheblissofsolitude;,Andthenmyheartwithpleasurefills,Anddanceswiththedaffodils.,IWanderedLonelyasaCloud,RhymeScheme:ababcc,RhetoricDevices:simile;hyperbole;personification,Theme:Aharmoniousco-existenceshouldbecultivatedbetweennatureandhumankind,RomanticPoets,SamuelColeridge:TheRimeoftheAncientMarinerGeorgeByron:DonJuan;ByronicHeroSheWalksinBeautyPercyShelly:OdetotheWestWindJohnKeats:OdeonaGrecianUrn;OdetoaNightingale,The19thcentury,Victorianperiod(1832-1902):TheChartismMovement:theworkingclassTheCriticalRealism:19thcenturyfortiestoearlyfiftiesCriticalRealistsCharlesDickens:thegreatestEnglishrealistWilliamMakepeaceThackerayCharlotte,Emily,andAnneBronteElizabethGaskellGeorgeEliotPoets:Tennyson,Browning,Swinburne,CharlesDickens,ThegreatestEnglishcriticalrealistnovelist.FirstPeriod:naveoptimism-alltheevilsofthecapitalistworldwouldberemediedbykindliness,justice,andsympatheticunderstanding.ThePickwickPapers-thesupremeepicofEnglishlife-anencyclopedicknowledgeofLondonOliverTwist;NicholasNickleby;TheoldCuriosityShop,CharlesDickens,SecondPeriod:naveoptimismshakenedDombeyandSonCommonpeople-possessingrealhumanfeelingsTheupperbourgeoisie-heartlessDavidCopperfield-autobiographical,CharlesDickens,ThirdPeriod:muchdarkerBleakHouse-theabusesoftheEnglishcourtsHardTimes-utilitarianismATaleofTwoCities-LondonandParisGreatExpectationOurMutualFriend,WilliamMakepeaceThackeray,AsatiricalportrayaloftheupperstrataofsocietyVanityFair名利场-ABookwithoutaHero,WomenNovelists,WomennovelistsbegantoappearinEnglandduringthesecondhalfthe18thcentury.RemarkableRepresentatives:JaneAustinTheBronteSistersMrs.GaskellGeorgeElliot,JaneAusten(1775-1817),PrideandPrejudice(1796)-FirstImpressionNorthangerAbbey(1798)诺桑觉寺SenseandSensibility(1811)理智与情感Emma(1815)爱玛MansfieldPark曼斯菲尔德公园Persuasion好事多磨Lifeandhumannatureareinthemosttrivialincidentsofeveryday,TheBronteSisters,Charlotte-JaneEyre简爱-JaneEyreVirginiaWoolf;JamesJoyce,TheWessexworksareknownas“thenovelsdescribingthecharacterandenvironmentofhisnativecountryside.”TessoftheDUrbervilles德伯家的苔丝-tragiclifestoryofTess,filledwithafeelingofdismalforebodinganddoomJudetheObscure无名的裘德-nomorenovels,turningtopoetry,ThomasHardy,JamesJoyce,thefounderofthe“streamofconsciousness”schoolofnovelwritingWorks:Masterpiece:1922:Ulysses尤利西斯1916:APortraitoftheArtistasaYoungMan青年艺术家的画像,VirginiaWoolf,Mrs.Dalloway达洛威夫人TotheLighthouse到灯塔去TheWaves浪,D.H.Lawrence,TheWhitePeacock白孔雀SonsandLovers儿子与情人TheRainbow虹LadyChatterlaysLover恰泰莱夫人的情人SonsandLovers：OedipusComplexHecombinespsychologicalanalysisandsocialcriticism.,OtherFigures,GeorgeBernardShaw-Pygmalion皮格马利翁/卖花女WilliamButlerYeats-poetry:WhenYouAreOldT.S.Elliot-TheWasteLand,
展开阅读全文