大学英语四级翻译技巧讲解演示文档

.,大学英语四级翻译技巧讲解,.,四级段落翻译的评分标准：本题满分为15分，成绩分为六个档次：13-15分、10-12分、7-9分、4-6分、1-3分和0分。13-15分 译文准确表达了原文的意思。用词贴切，行文流畅，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。10-12分 译文基本上表达了原文的意思。文字通顺、连贯，无重大语言错误。7-9分 译文勉强表达了原文的意思。用词欠准确，语言错误相当多，其中有些是严重语言错误。4-6分 译文仅表达了一小部分原文的意思。用词不准确，有相当多的严重语言错误。1-3分 译文支离破碎。除个别词语或句子，绝大部分文字没有表达原文意思。0分 未作答，或只有几个孤立的词，或译文与原文毫不相关。,.,许多人喜欢中餐。在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看。烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地的差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养（nutrition）。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既美味又健康。 Many people enjoy Chinese food. Cooking is looked upon as an art as well as a skill in China. A carefully prepared Chinese dish is not only delicious to eat but also beautiful to look at. Cooking techniques and ingredients vary widely across the country. But good cooking does have something in common. it always takes into account color, flavor, taste and nutrition. As food is vital to health, good cooks always strive to strike a balance between grains, meats and vegetables, so Chinese dishes are both delicious and healthy.,.,14分参考译文 Many people enjoy Chinese food. In China, cooking is not only viewed as a skill but also regarded as a form of art. A carefully-prepared Chinese dinner can be both tasty and good looking. While cooking skills and ingredients differ largely from place to place in China, fine cooking always has something in common, that is the consideration of color, flavor, taste and nutrition. Since food is vital to the health, a fine cook is always trying to achieve a balance between cereals, meat and vegetables. Therefore, the Chinese food is both delicious and healthy. （红色字体为有错误部分） 评语： 本译文用词贴切，行文流畅，注意到了句式的变化以及衔接词的使用。属于13-15分分数档的高分翻译,.,11分参考译文 Many people like Chinese food. In china, cooking is regarded not only as a kind of skill but also as a kind of art. Chinese food, which is prepared carefully, is both delicious and good looking. Cooking skills and ingredients differ greatly from place to place in China. However, good cooking shares one thing in common: color, taste, feel and nutrition are always under consideration. Since food is of vital importance to health, good cooks are always trying to be balanced with grain, meat, and vegetables. As a result, Chinese food is delicious and healthy. 评语： 本译文表达了绝大部分原文的意思，文字通顺连贯，用到了复杂句式，显示出了较强的语言功底。属于10-12分分数档的翻译。,.,8分参考译文 Many people love Chinese food. In China, cooking is not only regarded a kind of skill, but also art. Well-prepared Chinese dishes taste good besides good look. There is a big different in cooking skills and ingredients between different parts of China. But one thing which is common in good dishes is that they all consider about the color, the tasting and the nutrition. As food is so important to health, good cookers always try to make a balance between corn, meat and vegetables. As a result, Chinese dishes are delicious and healthy. （划线句为正确句） 评语： 译文基本表达原文意思，但用词欠缺，语言错误相当多，且其中很多属于重大语言错误，所以归为7-9分档。,.,5分参考译文 Many people like Chinese food. Cooking is not only a skill but also it is a kind of art. It is delicious and beautiful that Chinese meals carefully prepared. It is differently in cooking and material beside in Chinese. But, good meals have a common point which color, teast and nutrition are though about. Then a good cooker is always trying their best to balance it from meat vegetables and so on. Therefore, Chinese meals are delicious and heathy. （划线句为正确句） 评语： 译文仅表达一部分原文意思。存在用词不准确，语言错误多等问题。所以定位为4-6分档译文。,.,2分参考译文 Many people like China food. In China, not only a technolege make food, and also an artist. Good food is eated fine and seems fine. How make food and make the food need what is defferent in defferent place in China. But make good food just only think the foods colour teste, feel make people and nutrition. Food is importand for health, so good people that make food is use more power for better on meat and vagitable, so Chinese food is taste good and more health. 评语： 本译文没有一个正确的句子，全部都存在严重语法错误。本译文为2分译文。 0分 未作答或者只有几个孤立的词，或与原文毫不相关的摘抄为0分。在此处需要特别指出的是，学生通过关键词中餐，好吃等创作的作文，也不给分。,.,段落翻译解题步骤通读全段，确定时态和基本句型（拆分，从句，同位语，非谓语）分析汉语句子主干，找出主语、谓语、宾语及其他成分确定单词和短语的翻译表达句子，字迹工整，划线涂改校对翻译内容，除关注是否漏译外，尤其注意：可数名词复数，谓语第三人称单数简单词拼写错误是否用逗号连接两个句子在没有并列关系的句子中是否有且只有一个谓语（两个动词之间有没有不定式符号to）“有”的意思是否表达准确（have，there be，with）主谓是否搭配（主语是否能够发出谓语的动作，需不需要改成被动语态）单词词性,.,中文“逗号”后面信息的表达 汉语中的句号，译成英文后仍为句号；汉语中的逗号在翻译成英文后，可将后面的信息处理为：非谓语动词结构状语介词短语结构定语从句结构或将后面句子用and连接，写出完整句子若逗号前后的信息时态不同或主语不一致，可将其分成两个独立的句子,.,中文“逗号”后面信息的表达 2011年3月日本核电站事故后，中国的核能开发停了下来，中止审批新的核电站，并开展全国性的核安全检查。Chinas nuclear energy development stopped after the nuclear power station accident in Japan in March,2011. The approval of new nuclear power plants was suspended, and the nationwide inspection of nuclear energy safety started.注：主语不一致，分成两句。补充介词无主句译成被动语态，或把宾语用作主语由下文可知，“中止”只是暂停，要意译。,.,无主语句子的翻译在分析汉语句子结构时，若发现无主语，或根据上下文推断主语，或可采取三种句型：there be句型；被动语态；形式主语（it is + adj.+ to do sth.)小孩满周岁的那天，有抓周的仪式。When the baby is one-year old, there is a ritual called One-Year-Old Catch.,.,定语的翻译 汉语是头轻脚重的语言。“的”字结构中，“的”字前面的信息大多数是定语，后面的名词则是中心词。英语是头重脚轻的语言。在译成英语时， 要调整语序，注意中心词在中间，单词式的定语一般放在中心词之前，短语、动词或句子一般放在中心词后面（名词+of结构，或定语从句）,.,定语的翻译 长城/作为世界上最伟大的奇观之一，是古代中国/在不同时期/为抵御北方/游牧民族/侵袭而修筑的/规模浩大的/军事工程的/统称。 The Great Wall, one of the greatest wonders in the world, is the general name of a series of large-scale military constructions built at different times in ancient China to defend against the invasion of nomadic tribes from the north. 注：确定句子主干划分修饰语,.,中英文的差异汉语词汇与英语词汇不能一一对应，汉译英时应避免字面翻译，以意译为主。一些为接受更好教育而转往城市上学的学生如今又回到了本地农村学校就读。Some students who have transferred to urban schools for better education now return to local rural schools again.,.,中英文的差异 英语多变化，汉语多重复农历正月十五是中国传统的元宵节。正月是农历的第一个月，又称“元月”，古人称夜为“宵”，所以正月十五又被成为元宵节。赏灯是元宵节的传统习俗，这一习俗是从汉朝开始的。The 15th day of the first lunar month is the traditional Chinese Lantern Festival. It is so called because the first lunar month is called “Yuan” month and in the ancient times people called night “Xiao”. It is a traditional custom to admire lanterns at the festival, which started from the Han dynasty.,.,中英文的差异汉语的连接方式呈隐形，即连接词很少出现或不出现，这体现为 意合; 而英语的连接方式呈显性，即连接词出现，体现为形合。这一差异导致了中英文组句方式的不同： 汉语动词多，短句多，呈链状； 英语常按句内主次从属关系排列，在句子主体上 添加修饰语以及限定语，形成严谨的树状结构。,.,中英文的差异这些资金用于改善教学设施、购买书籍，使16万多所中小学受益。All these funds are used to improve teaching facilities and purchase books, from which more than 16 000 middle and primary schools have gained benefits.注：根据上下文，从句中应使用完成时,.,中英文的差异正确安排基本框架电子商务的世界使得消费者无需离开舒适的家就能够在数以千计的网店购物，并且完成付款。The world of electronic commerce enables consumers to shop at thousands of online stores and pay for their purchases without leaving the comfortable home.注：“完成付款”就是“支付”,.,中英文的差异正确安排基本框架除夕那天，每家都会在门上贴上红纸写的春联。On the eve of the Spring Festival, every household will paste on doors a spring couplet written on red paper.注：“会”需要省略,.,中英文的差异英语中只有名词结构或代词可以作主语在一年开始的第一个月圆之夜吃元宵就是希望家人团圆、幸福。Eating “Tangyuan”on the first night with a full moon in a year is to wish family members to be united and happy. 注：“月圆”不能译成round moon,.,中英文的差异英语中只有名词结构或代词可以作主语吃汤圆是元宵节的另一个传统习俗。It is also a traditional custom for Chinese to eat “Tangyuan” at the festival. 注：用it代替较长的主语放在句首，to do结构放在后面,.,中英文的差异注意特殊结构的译法饮茶在6世纪传到日本，但直到17、18世纪才传到欧美。Tea drinking was introduced to Japan in the 6th century while it was not introduced into Europe and America until the 17th and 18th centuries.,.,中英文的差异注意保持词性一致通过阅读，人们能更好地学会感恩、有责任心和与人合作。Through reading, people can better learn to be grateful, responsible and cooperative.,