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2008年高考英语专项指导,情态动词,2,情态动词的运用是高考英语几乎每年必考的要点。根据近几年对高考题的分析，主要归纳为以下几个考查热点：1.情态动词表示推测;2.情态动词+havedone结构；3.特定的语气;4.情态动词基本用法.,3,一.情态动词表示推测的用法,情态动词可用来表示推测,语气从强到弱的顺序是：,must所表示的可能性最大，最有把握，意为“一定”。,can和could主要用于否定句和疑问句中，cant或couldnt表示“不可能”,may和might表示现在或将来可能发生的动作或情况，主要用于肯定句中，might相对于may来说，表示的可能性更小一些。,must，should，can，may，could，might。,4,Shemaynotbeathome.Shecantbeathome.Theyshouldbethererightnow.Atthismoment,ourteachermustbecorrectingourexampapers.,情态动词+do表示对现在或将来的情况的推测,情态动词+bedoing。表示对正在进行的情况的推测,5,Theroadiswet.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.Thereisnobodyhere.Theymusthaveallgonehome.,must/may/might+havedone表示对过去情况推测(肯定，可能，也许已经),6,1.-AreyoucomingtoJeffsparty?-Imnotsure.I_gototheconcertinstead.(NMET2000)A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.might2.Mary_beinParis，forIsawherinthetownonlyafewminutesagoAmustntBcantCshouldntDmaynot,B,D,7,3.-_thenewsbetrue?No,it_betrue.A.Can,cantB.May,cantC.May,maynotD.Must,mustnt,注意:may和might都不用于疑问句中。,（正）CanCoulditbecloudytomorrow？（误）MayMightitbecloudytomorrow？,A,8,Thechildrenmusthavewateredthetomatoesyesterday,_they,TheministermusthavearrivedinShanghai,_hehe,didnt,hasnt,Youcantbeserious,_you?,are,拓展,9,二.情态动词+havedone,表示对过去所发生事情的推测或带有某种语气.1.Ididnthearthephone.Imusthavebeenasleep.,musthavedone(过去)肯定/一定(用于肯定句中),10,2.Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecar,buttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.Itcouldnthavebeenacomfortablejourney.,cant/couldnthavedone(过去)不可能,11,3.Hemaynothavefinishedtheexercises,Imafraid.4.Youcouldhavedonebetter,butyoudidnttryyourbest.,may/mighthavedone(过去)或许/可能做(用于肯定或否定句中),couldhavedone(过去)本能够做(用于肯定或否定句中,带有责备、劝告之意),12,5.Whenwegottothecinema,thefilmhadntstarted,soweneednthaveworried.Marydidntturnuplastnight,didshe?No,shedidntneedtocome.Wehadchangedourplan.,neednthavedone(过去)本来不必做,(没有必要做而实际上也没做).,13,6.Sheshouldnthavetakenawaymytape,forIwantedtouseit.,should/oughttohavedone(过去)本应该做(而实际上未做),用于否定句时则表示过去不该做的事反而做了(带有后悔、埋怨或责备的语气）。,14,注意：,cant-不可能mustnt-禁止，不允许mustnthavedone-（不存在）,15,(06陕西）Asyouworkedlateyesterday,you_havecomethismorning.B.maynotC.cantD.mustnt,A,A.neednt,16,(04全国)Mr.White_at8:30forthemeeting,buthedidntshowup.B.shouldarriveC.shouldhadarrivedD.shouldbearriving(04福建)IlltellMarryabouthernewjobtomorrow.You_herlastweek.A.oughttotellB.couldhavetoldC.musttell,A.shouldhavearrived,D.shouldhavetold,A,D,17,(05福建)Catherine,Ihavecleanedtheroomforyou.Thanks.You_it.Icouldmanageitmyself.A.needntdoC.mustntdoD.shouldnthavedone,B.neednthavedone,B,18,(NMET05)He_havecompletedhiswork;otherwise,hewouldntbeenjoyinghimselfbytheseaside.A.shouldC.wouldntD.cant,B.must,B,19,(00上海)MysistermethimattheGrandTheatreyesterday,sohe_yourlecture.B.neednthaveattendedC.mustnthaveattendedD.shouldnthaveattended,A.couldnthaveattended,A,20,三.几个情态动词的特定语气,Shall1.在疑问句中,用于第1、3人称,表示征求对方意见.例如:Shallthedriverwaitoutside?2.在肯定句中,用于第2、3人称,表示警告、允诺、命令或威胁.例如:,21,Youshallanswerforitifyougoonbehavinglikethat.Ifyouworkwell,youshallhavearise.HeshallbepunishedNobodyshallthrowawayrubbisheverywhere.,22,ChurchillwarnedHitler“IfyoudaretoinvadeBritain,youshallpayforitwithgreatloss.(04湖南）Excuseme,butIwanttouseyourcomputertotypeareport.Youshanthavemycomputerifyoudonttakecareofit.,23,3.用在法律、条约、规定时。(02上海)Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidatesshallremainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.(04重庆)“Theinterestshallbedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides”declaredthejudge.Thesignsaysallpaymentsshallbemadeincash.,24,Should1.据经验或事实来表达合理的推断。1)Marytookdancingclassesforyears;sheshouldbeanexcellentdancer.2)Itsnearlysevenoclock.Jackshouldbehereatanymoment.3)Itssaidthatthereareplentyofhotelsinthattown.Thereshouldnotbeanydifficultyforyoutofindsomewheretostay.,25,2.表惊讶、惋惜、不满等情绪,常译为“竟然”.(01上海)Youcantimaginethatawell-behavedgentlemanshouldbesorude.Imsurprisedthatyoushouldhavedonesuchathing.Neverdidheexpectthattheconditionsshouldbesoterrible.,26,3.Should+动词原形表虚拟,可省略.在表建议、要求、命令、主张等动词的宾语从句中。常见的动词有:insist,order,command;suggest,advice,propose;demand,request,require,andaskandsoon.例如:Mikeinsistedthatshedidntstealanythingand(should)notbescolded.,27,用于Itissuggested/proposed/desired/strange/necessary/important/essential/natural/apity等的主语从句中.用于表示建议、命令、主张、愿望、目的等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中。如advice,suggestion,proposal,order,request,requirement,wish,desire,idea,aim等。例如；,28,(06江苏）IthinkIllgiveBobaring.You_.Youhaventbeenintouchwithhimforages.A.willB.mayC.haveto,D.should,D,29,Must偏要，硬要。（2005全国、）John,lookatthetime.Mustyouplaythepianoatsuchalatehour?(2004天津）Whoisthegirlstandingoverthere?Well,ifyoumustknow,hernameisMarry.,30,(06浙江）CanIhaveawordwithyou,mum?Oh,dear,ifyou_.A.canC.mayD.should(06山东）MayIsmokehere?Ifyou_,chooseaseatinthesmokingsection.A.shouldB.couldC.may,B.must,D.must,B,D,31,Why_youalwaysleaveyourdirtyclothesinthebedroom?A.needB.canC.may,D.must,D,32,Must必须(04上海)Childrenunder12yearsofageinthatcountrymustbeunderadultsupervisionwheninapubliclibrary.,四.情态动词基本用法,33,Can/Could用在否定句、疑问句、感叹句中常表推测、惊讶、怀疑、不相信的语气：1）Whocanitbe?Itcantbehim.HehasgonetoXian.2）Howcanyoubesocareless?Whatcanhepossiblymean?,34,(03上海)How_yousaythatyoureallyunderstandthewholestoryifyouhavecoveredonlypartofthearticle.B.mustC.needD.may,A.can,A,35,(04全国卷II)You_betiredyouveonlybeenworkingforanhour.A.mustnotB.wontD.maynot(06全国卷I)ThereisnolightonThey_athome.B.mustntC.needntD.shouldnt,C.cant,A.cant,C,A,36,(06福建）Ifitwerentforthefactthatshe_sing,Iwouldinvitehertotheparty.A.couldntB.shouldntD.mightnot(06四川）IsJackondutytoday?It_behim.Itshisturntomorrow.A.mustntB.wontD.neednt,C.cant,C.cant,37,Can在肯定句中使用表示1)有时候的可能性:TheWorldWideWebissometimesjokinglycalledtheWorldWideWaitbecauseitcanbeslow.(05浙江).Hecanbefriendlyattimes.,38,2)理论上的可能性,并不涉及具体某事是否真会发生,主要是说明人和事物的特征:1.Evenexpertdriverscanmakemistakes.2.(2003)Aleft-luggageofficeisaplacewherebagscanbeleftforashorttime,especiallyatarailwaystation.3.Trainingbyyourselfinagymcanbehighlydangerous.4.BirdFlucanbedangerous.,39,Makingchoices_difficult,especiallywhenthereisnoonetoturntoforadvice.A.mightB.shouldD.must,C.can,C,40,但是在表达具体某事实际发生的可能性时不可用can,用may/might/could.1)Hemay/might/couldbeinthelibrary.2)Asnowstormcanbeexciting,buttoomuchsnowcancausetrouble.3)Thisstormmay/might/couldlastseveraldays.,41,Could表可能性,语气较弱;表请求,较委婉。Couldyoulendmesomemoney?Yes,Ican.(98上海)“CouldIcallyoubyyourfirstname?”“Yes,you_.A.willB.couldD.might,C.may,C,42,wasableto和could的区别Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquickly,buteveryonewasabletogetout.（强调经过一番努力后成功做到某事.Hedidntagreewithmeatfirst,butIwasabletopersuadehim.Shecouldsingwhenshewasyoung.(一般能力),43,Can的惯用语1.cant(help/choose)but+v(不得不）Icanthelpbutadmireyourbravery.2.canthelpdoing.区别/canthelp(to)do.3.canthelpit.“Whyareyoucrying?”“Ijustcanthelpit.4.cant/couldnt与too,enough连用.Youcantbetoocareful.再也不过分Icantthankyoutoomuch.,44,Will/Would意志、愿望和决心。1)Iwillneverdothatagain.2)Ifyouwillwaitoverforalongtime,Mr.Smith,Iwilltellourmanageryouvearrived.习惯、倾向，多用于第三人称。Hewillsittherehourafterhourdoingnothing.Boyswillbeboys.,45,坚决拒绝。Iwontlistentoyournonsense.Thedogwouldntstopbarking.表临时的决定“Youforgottopostmyletter.”“Sorry,Iwillpostit.,46,Usedtodo/woulddo1)Sheisntwhatsheusedtobe.(表对比)2)WewouldsitintheyardeverySundayandlistentohisstory.(表过去习惯性动作),47,May/Might表不确定的可能性.1)(NMET00)“AreyoucomingtoJeffsparty?“Imnotsure.Imightgototheconcertinstead.2)Petermaycomewithus,butheisntverysureyet.,48,用于祈使句,表示祝愿.Mayyoureturnsafeandsound.Mayyoubehappy!may/mightaswelldo不妨,不如Nowthatyouvegotsofarwiththework,youmightfinishitaswell.,49,dareandneed,
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