英美概况Americanhistory.ppt

英美概况(2)AmericanHistory,DiscoveryoftheNewWorld,ThefirstAmericans:theIndiansDiscoverer:ChristopherColumbusTime:1492Renamed:1499,byItaliannavigatorAmerigoVespucci,ChristopherColumbus,TheColonialTime,Time:1607-1733Thefirstcolonialcity:Jamestown(laterbecameVirginia)Later13colonieswereestablishedColonists:PoorpeasantsPersecutedpuritansColonies:NewEngland:industryandcommerceSouthernparts:plantations,Mayflower,TheWarofIndependence,Time:1775-1783Backgrounds:developmentoftheeconomyofthecolonies;OppressionofBritainPrelude:1773,theBostonTeaParty1774,thefirstContinentalCongress,Theprocess:1775-4-19,thefirstshotofLexington1775-5-10,thesecondcontinentalcongress1777-10,thevictoryinSaratoga(turningpointofthewar)1781-10,theBritishsoldierssurrendered1783,Americawontheindependence,CivilWar,Time:1861-1865Participants:theSouth(Democratic)andtheNorth(Republican)Cause:AbrahamLincolnwaselectedaspresidentThePreface:LincolnwaselectedasPresident-1860.11SouthCarolinavotedtoleavetheUnion-thesignalofthewarTheelevensouthernstatesformanindependentnationtheConfederateStatesofAmerica(beginning),TheprocessoftheCivilWar,Thefirststage(1861-1862.summer)FailureafterfailurecametotheNorth.(seethecontrast)Thesecondstage：（1862，91865，4）HomesteadBill（宅地法）1862,5TheEmancipationProclamation-1863,1,1BattleofGettysburg-1863,7.1,turningpointThethirdstage:thevictory.1865,4,2Richmondwasabandon.,Specialfiguresinthewar,Lincoln(1809-1865)the16thpresidentofAmerica.Sailor,worker,postman,salesmanHonestAbeWideinterests,readingbookslikeBible,worksofShakespeareAssassinatedin1865,4,14,AbrahamLincoln,宅地法内容简介：只要连续在美国居住5年，每人交10美元，就可以在西部获得160亩土地。（对于毫无土地和自由的黑人和农奴来说，这是极大的诱惑，因此大大激发了黑人以及农奴参战的积极性。）宅地法的影响：为以后西进运动奠定了基础。（因为农奴获得的土地都在西部，因此才有了后来的西进运动。）,备注,SpecialFiguresintheWar(Cond.),HarrieBeecherStowe(1811-1896)哈里特斯托Americanfemalewritermainworks:UncleTomsCabin林肯说过，一个小夫人和一本书引起了一场战争（美国内战),Specialbattleinthewar,BattleofGettysburgturningpointofthewarlastingforthreedaysSpeechinGettysburgofLincoln:“governmentofthepeople,bythepeople,forthepeople”要使那民有、民治、民享的政府不至于从地球上消失。,Influenceofthewar,LostmoresoldiersinthiswarthaninanyotherTwoachievements:realizetheunificationoftheAmericannationEndtheslaverysystem,WestwardMovement,Time:theyearsfollowingtheendofthecivilwarin1865People:miners,farmersPurpose:seekforgoldandsilverPlace:RockymountainregionFamousfigures:hiredhorsemen-cowboysResults:Indiansarewithdrewandbuffalosweredestroyed,Progressivemovement,Cause:economybooming+prosperityspreadingbutpovertycoexistMeasures:changepolicybefore1900:laissez-faireafter1900:progressivismAchievements:passinglawsrestrictingchildlabor,protectingwomenworkers,limitingworkhoursandprovidingworkermencompensation,letthesleepingdoglie,NewDeal,Economycircle:lowestpointrecoveryprosperityrecession-lowestpoint1929,10,24BlackThursday,GreatDepressionbrokeout.HooverFranklinD.RooseveltNewDeal,ThanksandAnyQuestions?,