2018年电大《高等数学基础》必过考试小抄

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小抄版高等数学基础归类复习考试小抄一、单项选择题1-1 下列各函数对中,( C )中的两个函数相等A. , B. ,2)(xfxg(2)(xfxg)(C. , D. ,3lnln1121-设函数 的定义域为 ,则函数 的图形关于(C )对称)(f),()(fA. 坐标原点 B. 轴 C. 轴 D. xyx设函数 的定义域为 ,则函数 的图形关于(D )对称x)fA. B. 轴 C. 轴 D. 坐标原点y.函数 的图形关于( A )对称2ex(A) 坐标原点 (B) 轴 (C) 轴 (D) yxy1-下列函数中为奇函数是( B )A. B. C. D. )1ln(2xyxycos2xa)1ln(x下列函数中为奇函数是(A )A. B. C. D. 3xe)1ln(yysi下列函数中为偶函数的是( D )A B C D xysin)1(x2xcos)1ln(2x2-1 下列极限存计算不正确的是( D )A. B. 2limx 0)1ln(im0xC. D. 0sns2-2 当 时,变量( C )是无穷小量A. B. C. D. xix1x1in2)l(x当 时,变量( C )是无穷小量A B C D 0si1e2x.当 时,变量(D )是无穷小量 A B C D xx)ln(下列变量中,是无穷小量的为( B )A B C D.1sin0xln101xe24x3-1 设 在点 x=1 处可导,则 ( D ))(xf hffh)1(2(lim0A. B. C. D. 1)1 )1(2f设 在 可导,则 ( D ))(f0 xfxfh)(li00A B C D x)2 )(0xf设 在 可导,则 ( D ))(f0 ffh)(li00A. B. C. D. )(f)x2 )(0f设 ,则 ( A ) A B. C. D. xfe)(ff1(lim0 e2e143-2. 下列等式不成立的是(D )A. B C. D.xxd)(cossinxdxd2)(lnxd下列等式中正确的是(B )A. B. artn122)1(C. D.xx)l( xcotta4-1 函数 的单调增加区间是( D )4)(2xfA. B. C. D. ,),(),(函数 在区间 内满足(A )5y)6(A. 先单调下降再单调上升 B. 单调下降 C. 先单调上升再单调下降 D. 单调上升.函数 在区间(5,5)内满足( A )62xA 先单调下降再单调上升 B 单调下降 C 先单调上升再单调下降 D 单调上升. 函数 在区间 内满足(D )y),2(A. 先单调下降再单调上升 B. 单调下降 C. 先单调上升再单调下降 D. 单调上升5-1 若 的一个原函数是 ,则 (D ) A. B. C. D. )(xfx1)(f xln21x32.若 是 的一个原函数,则下列等式成立的是( A )。 )(FfA B )(aFxdxa )()(afbfdxba小抄版C D)(xFf )()(aFbdxfba5-2 若 ,则 ( B )cosxfd)(A. B. C. D. incscsincxos下列等式成立的是(D )A. B. )(d)(fxf )(xffC. D. d( B ) A. B. C. D. xfx)(d32 )(3xf )(32xf)(1xf1( D ) A B C D fx)(2 )(2xfxfd)(1)(2fxfd)(2-3 若 ,则 ( B )cxF)(dA. B. C. D. )( cx)(2cxF)( cxF)(1补充: , 无穷积分收敛的是 xefxde d12函数 的图形关于 y 轴 对称。x10)(二、填空题函数 的定义域是(3,+) )ln(392xf函数 的定义域是 (2,3) (3,4 xy4)ln( 函数 的定义域是(5,2)xf1若函数 ,则 1 0,2)(xf )(f2 若函数 ,在 处连续,则 e ,)1)(kxf k.函数 在 处连续,则 2 02sin)(xkxf k函数 的间断点是x=0 ,sin1y函数 的间断点是 x=3 。32x函数 的间断点是 x=0 ey13-曲线 在 处的切线斜率是1/2 )(f)2,1(曲线 在 处的切线斜率是 1/4 x曲线 在(0,2)处的切线斜率是 1 f.曲线 在 处的切线斜率是 3 )(3),(3-2 曲线 在 处的切线方程是y = 1 切线斜率是 0 xfsin1曲线 y = sinx 在点 (0,0)处的切线方程为 y = x 切线斜率是 1 4.函数 的单调减少区间是(,0 ) )1l(2函数 的单调增加区间是(0,+) exf.函数 的单调减少区间是 (,1 ) 2.函数 的单调增加区间是 (0,+) )(f函数 的单调减少区间是 (0,+) 2xy5-1 . deex2 xdsin22sitan x +C )(tan若 ,则 9 sin 3x cf3si)(f5-2 3 0 35d)21( 123dx0 exdx1ln下列积分计算正确的是( B )A B C D d)(1ex 0d)(1xex 0d12x小抄版0d|1x三、计算题(一)、计算极限(1 小题,11 分)(1 )利用极限的四则运算法则,主要是因式分解,消去零因子。(2 )利用连续函数性质: 有定义,则极限)(0xf )(lim00xffx类型 1: 利用重要极限 , , 计算1sinlx ksnkxtanli1-1 求 解: x5sin6lm0 56sil5si6l00xx1-2 求 解: 0tali3x x3tanlm0 31tanli101-3 求 解: =i.x类型 2: 因式分解并利用重要极限 , 化简计算。1)(slax1)sin(laa2-1 求 解: =)1sin(lm21xx )sin(lm21xx2)1(.i 2-2 解: 21slx 21)(.)1(sinlmsin(l21 xxx2-3 解: )3sin(4mx li3si)3si(43323 x类型 3:因式分解并消去零因子,再计算极限3-1 解: =4586li24x 4586li24xx )1(2lixx 32li4x3-2 31x3335m17x3-3 解 4lim2x 412lim)(2li4li2 xxxx其他: , 0sin21lmsin1l020 xxxx 21sinlmsinl00xx, 546li2x 1li2x54362lix 3li2x(0807 考题)计算 解: =xsin8tal0xsin8tal048.sital0x(0801 考题 . )计算 解 x2lim0 x2lim021li0x(0707 考题 .) = )1sin(31 4)3(1)sin(.l1 x(二) 求函数的导数和微分(1 小题,11 分)(1 )利用导数的四则运算法则 vu vu(2 )利用导数基本公式和复合函数求导公式x)(ln 1)(aaxe ueu.xx2cs)(otanicssi xexex xxx sin).(cos)( cin2ocos isiin22 xxx eeeuos).(s)(sin.i 22 xxeeeusin).(sin)(co2i22类型 1: 加减法与乘法混合运算的求导,先加减求导,后乘法求导;括号求导最后计算 。1-1 xy)3(解: 322xee1322xxe132xe1-2 xylncot解:小抄版xxxxxy ln2cs)(lnl)(cs)ln()(cot 2221-3 设 ,求 exay解: xexxeyxx 1scta1)(tat)(l)t( 2类型 2: 加减法与复合函数混合运算的求导,先加减求导,后复合求导2-1 ,求 解:lnsi2y o)(ln(si 222-2 ,求 ecoxy解: 222 csesi).(cos).(sin)(si)( xxexxx 2-3 ,求 , 解:x5lnyy 5455lnl类型 3: 乘积与复合函数混合运算的求导,先乘积求导,后复合求导,求 。 解:eyxcos2 xexex sico2)(cs)( 22其他: ,求 。xy解: 2).(c.)(ln)o() xyx2csinl2xx0807.设 ,求 解:siey2sinin cos)()( xeyx0801.设 ,求 解:2x 222)()( xxxee0707.设 ,求 解:sin cos.ininsi 0701.设 ,求 解:xyecoly xxy1.l(三)积分计算:(2 小题,共 22 分)凑微分类型 1: )1(d2xx计算 解:xcos2 cxd1sin)(coscos20707.计算 解: xd1sin2 cxx1os)(dsin1si20701 计算 解: e2 ed121xe凑微分类型 2: x.计算 解: xdcos cxdxxsin2cosdcos0807.计算 解:in oin2in0801.计算 解: xed cexdexex凑微分类型 3: , dln1 )ln(1a计算 解:xdln cxdux|lll.计算 解: e12 e1e1 )ln2()dl(2x5)l(1ex5 定积分计算题,分部积分法类型 1: cxaxdaxaxdaxd aaa 12111 )(lnlnlnln计算 解: , e1 24l241)ln(ln2lxd21 exxe 0)l(lne1 e小抄版计算 解: , e12dlnx2a cxxdx 1ln)1(lnl2e2)ne1e1 计算 解: ,dxe1ln2a cxxdx 4ln2ll=de1n4)4l(ln21 exxde0807 el 9421)9ln32( nd3233e1 ex0707 ee12xllx 33类型 2 ceaxdaxa21)(xxede2101041042xx1)(1exxxdede210102 4130)4222exx(0801 考题) e(10x类型 3: caxadaxaxd sin1cocoscssin 2xx sin1in1ico20sinxd 02)sico(s20 x20cosxd 120)cosin(si20 xx cxdsin421coin20sxd 402)i1cos(s20 xx2 200 011coin|in|4d 四、应用题(1 题,16 分)类型 1: 圆柱体上底的中心到下底的边沿的距离为 l,问当底半径与高分别为多少时,圆柱体的体积最大?解:如图所示,圆柱体高 与底半径 满足 hr22rh圆柱体的体积公式为 lV)(2求导并令 0)3(2l得 ,并由此解出 lr6即当底半径 ,高 时,圆柱体的体积最大lr36h类型 2:已知体积或容积,求表面积最小时的尺寸。2-1(0801 考题) 某制罐厂要生产一种体积为 V 的有盖圆柱形容器,问容器的底半径与高各为多少时用料最省?解:设容器的底半径为 ,高为 ,则其容积rh22.,.rhr表面积为 rS2, 由 得 ,此时 。24rV 0S32V34Vrh由实际问题可知,当底半径 与高 时可使用料最省。3r一体积为 V 的圆柱体,问底半径与高各为多少时表面积最小? 解: 本题的解法和结果与 2-1 完全相同。生产一种体积为 V 的无盖圆柱形容器,问容器的底半径与高各为多少时用料最省?解:设容器的底半径为 ,高为 ,则无盖圆柱形容器表面积为 rh l小抄版,令 , 得 rVrhS2202rVS,Vr,3由实际问题可知,当底半径 与高 时可使用料最省。3rrh2-2 欲做一个底为正方形,容积为 32 立方米的长方体开口容器,怎样做法用料最省?(0707 考题)解: 设底边的边长为 ,高为 ,用材料为 ,由已知 , ,xhy322Vhx2xh表面积 ,xVy422令 ,得 , 此时 =2042xV63 ,4x2由实际问题可知, 是函数的极小值点,所以当 , 时用料最省。h欲做一个底为正方形,容积为 62.5 立方米的长方体开口容器,怎样做法用料最省?解: 本题的解法与 2-2 同,只需把 V=62.5 代入即可。类型 3 求 求曲线 上的点,使其到点 的距离最短kxy2 )0,(aA曲线 上的点到点 的距离平方为,aaxL2)()(, 0 kx23-1 在抛物线 上求一点,使其与 轴上的点 的距离最短 xy42 )0,3(解:设所求点 P(x,y),则满足 ,点 P 到点 A 的距离之平方为y4)()3(22令 ,解得 是唯一驻点,易知 是函数的极小值点,0L1x1x当 时, 或 ,所以满足条件的有两个点(1,2)和(1,2)13-2 求曲线 上的点,使其到点 的距离最短xy2 ),(A解:曲线 上的点到点 A(2,0) 的距离之平方为x)()(令 ,得 , 由此 , L122xyy即曲线 上的点(1, )和(1, )到点 A(2,0)的距离最短。xy208074 求曲线 上的点,使其到点 A(0,2)的距离最短。解: 曲线 上的点到点 A(0,2)的距离公式为 2xy222 )()(yyxd与 在同一点取到最大值,为计算方便求 的最大值点,2d3)(1y令 得 ,并由此解出 ,0)(223y6x即曲线 上的点( )和点( )到点 A(0,2)的距离最短x,6,2ag an employment tribunal clai Emloyment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees. You may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if: you dont agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly. For more informu, take advice from one of the organisations listed under Fur ther help. Employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation. Most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. If you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the organisations listed under Further help. ation about dismissal and unfair dismissal, see Dismissal. You can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you havent appealed against the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. However, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any compensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal. Remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are complaining about happened. If your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept i. If you are worried about how the time limits apply to you If you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your compensation if you win the case. This is known as a damages-based agreement. In England and Wales, your solicitor cant charge you more than 35% of your compensation if you win the case. You are clear about the terms of the agreement. It might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a Citizens Advice Bureau. To find your nearest CAB, including those that give advice by e-mail, click on nearest CAB. For more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, see Employment tribunals. The (lack of) air up there Watch m Cay man Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday. I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Ya ya Toure, he told BBC Sport. For me its about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was. Uefa has opened disciplinary proceedings against CSKA for the racist behaviour of their fans during Citys 2-1 win. Michel Platini, president of European footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions. CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by Toures complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA. Age has reached the end of the beginning of a word. May be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appearance of the same day; May be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. Always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. Twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it.一字开头的年龄已经到了尾声。或许是愧疚于自己似乎把转瞬即逝的很多个不同 的日子过成了同一天的样子;或许是追溯过去,对自己那些近乎偏执的怪异信念的醒 悟,这些天以来,思绪一直很凌乱,在脑海中不断纠缠。总觉得自己似乎应该去做点 什么,或者写点什么。二十年的人生轨迹深深浅浅,突然就感觉 到有些事情,非做不可了。The end of our life, and can meet many things really do? 而穷尽我们的一生,又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可? During my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for New Year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional; Junior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isnt really grow up, it seems is not so important; Then in high school, think dont want to give vent to out your inner voice can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself has already cant remember his appearance. Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted. r plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a 小抄版lot of turbulence. We often close ourselves off when traumatic events happen in our lives; instead of letting the world soften us, we let it drive us deeper into ourselves. We try to deflect the hurt and pain by pretending it doesnt exist, but although we can try this all we want, in the end, we cant hide from ourselves. We need to learn to open our hearts to the potentials of life and let the world soften us.生活发生不幸时,我们常常会关上心门;世界不仅没能慰藉我们,反倒使我们更加消沉。我们假装一切仿佛都不曾发生,以此试图忘却伤痛,可就算隐藏得再好,最终也还是骗不了自己。既然如此,何不尝试打开心门,拥抱生活中的各种可能,让世界感化我们呢? Whenever we start to let our fears and seriousness get the best of us, we should take a step back and re-evaluate our behavior. The items listed below are six ways you can open your heart more fully and completely.当恐惧与焦虑来袭时,我们应该退后一步,重新反思自己的言行。下面六个方法有助于你更完满透彻地敞开心扉。Whenever a painful situation arises in your life, try to embrace it instead of running away or trying to mask the hurt. When the sadness strikes, take a deep breath and lean into it. When we run away from sadness thats unfolding in our lives, it gets stronger and more real. We take an emotion thats fleeting and make it a solid event, instead of something that passes through us.当生活中出现痛苦的事情时,别再逃跑或隐藏痛苦,试着拥抱它吧;当悲伤来袭时,试着深呼吸,然后直面它。如果我们一味逃避生活中的悲伤,悲伤只会变得更强烈更真实悲伤原本只是稍纵即逝的情绪,我们却固执地耿耿于怀 By utilizing our breath we soften our experiences. If we dam them up, our lives will stagnate, but when we keep them flowing, we allow more newness and greater experiences to blossom.深呼吸能减缓我们的感受。屏住呼吸,生活停滞;呼出呼吸,更多新奇与经历又将拉开序幕。
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