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主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句,名词性从句,找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：1.Canyoutellmehowmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?2.Idontknowwherehashegone.3.Theowneroftheshopcametoseewhatthematterwas.,Canyoutellmehowmanystudentsthereareinyourclass?,Idontknowwherehehasgone.,Theowneroftheshopcametoseewhatwasthematter.,规律：名词从句中须使用陈述语序！,ThatLiuXiangwonthe110hurdlesbroughtChinesegreathappiness.,LiuXiangwonthe110hurdles,broughtChinesegreathappiness,Theman,windows,broke,brought,trouble,Thatthemanbrokethewindowsbroughthimtrouble.,名词性that-从句,主语：Thatheisstillaliveissheerluck.宾语：JohnsaidthathewasleavingforLondononWednesday.表语：Thefactisthathehasnotbeenseenrecently.同位语：Thefactthathehasnotbeenseenrecentlydisturbseveryoneinhisoffice.,可以省略,Hesaidthathehadfinishedreadingthisnovelandthathewouldborrowanotherone.,不可以省略,1._Icantunderstandiswhyhehaschangedhismind.2._theearthisroundisknowntousall.,What,That,连词_在从句中不作成分，不含有疑问意义，而_在从句中作成分，常含有疑问意义,that,what,What=thethingsthat,_youdontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether2._hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter3.Heholdtheview_hesaidwaswrong.A.What;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.That;what,双重关联词,1.主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数形式.Thattheywillcome_certain.,2.What引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定.Whathewants_thesebooks.Whathewants_somewater.,主语从句的主谓一致,is,are,is,找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：Ithinkthatworthwhilethatwespentsomuchmoneyonthesebooks.2.Thatishardtodecidewhenandwherewewillheldoursportsmeeting.3.Everybodyconsidersthatimpossiblethathewantstofinishtheworkinsuchashorttime.4.Thatdoesntmatterwhetheryouwillcomeornot.,it,it,it,it,规律：主语从句和宾语从句在适当的情况下可以借助“it”而后置。,补充:一.几种常见的含主语从句句型1.以it作形式主语，把主语从句后置的常用句型有：,1.It+be+形容词+that从句,Itis/wascertainthatclauseclearimportantnecessaryprobablepossible,（1）Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.（2）Itisprobablethathetoldmeeverything.,2、It+be+名词词组+that从句,Itis/wasapitythatclauseshameduty,(1)Itisapitythatwecantgo.(2)Itisnosurprisethatourteamshouldhavewonthegame.,3、It+be+过去分词+that从句,Itissaidthatclausereportedthoughthopedbelievedknown,(1)Itissaidthatheisthebeststudentintheclass.(2)ItisthoughtthatJoedrivesbadly.,4、It+seem,happen,appear等不及物动词+that从句。(1)ItseemsthatAliceisnotcomingtothepartyatall.(2)IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.,当that引导的从句作复合宾语的第一个成分时，需用先行词it作形式宾语，把从句放到句末，that不能省略。,Weconsideritpossiblethatheisill.Ifeelitapitythatshecantcome.IhearditsaidthathehadgonetoAustralia.Hemadeitclearthatheobjectedtotheplan.,a.It+be+形容词+that-从句Itisnecessarythat有必要Itisimportantthat重要的是Itisobviousthat很明显,b.It+be+-ed分词+that-从句Itisbelievedthat人们相信Itisknowntoallthat从所周知Ithasbeendecidedthat已决定,c.It+be+名词+that-从句Itiscommonknowledgethat是常识Itisasurprisethat令人惊奇的是Itisafactthat事实是,d.It+不及物动词+that-分句Itappearsthat似乎Ithappensthat碰巧Itoccurredtomethat我突然想起,用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：,找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：4.Wesuggestedthatwewouldgotothecinema.5.Mysuggestionisthatwemustdoourhomeworkfirst.6.Hissuggestionthatwewentthereonfootisacceptable.,Wesuggestedthatwe(should)gotothecinema.,Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)doourhomeworkfirst.,Hissuggestionthatwe(should)gothereonfoot.,规律二：注意虚拟语气的使用！(宾、表、同),Insist；order；command；advise；suggest；propose；demand；require；request；desire；askrecommend,名词性wh-从句,主语：Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor.直接宾语：Inonesownhomeonecandowhatonelikes.间接宾语：Theclubwillgivewhoeverwinsaprize.表语：Myquestioniswhowilltakeoverthepresident.宾语补足语：Shewillnamehimwhatevershewantsto.同位语：Ihavenoideawhenhewillreturn.形容词宾语：Imnotsurewhysherefusedtheirinvitation.介词宾语：Thatdependsonwhereweshallgo.,Where,when,why,how等连接副词也可以引导名词性从句，使用的关键是：这个词必须符合句子的逻辑要求,找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：7.Ifwewillhaveameetinghasntbeendecidedyet.8.Itdependsoniftheweatherissuitableforustodoit.9.Thequestionisifhehimselfwillbepresentatthemeeting.10.HeaskedmeifIcouldgowithhimornot.,Whetherwewillhaveameetinghasntbeendecidedyet.,Itdependsonwhethertheweatheris.,Thequestioniswhetherhehimselfwillbepresent.,HeaskedmewhetherIcouldgowithhimornot.,（1）在whetherornot结构中Idontknowwhetherornothellcome.Iwonderwhetheritistrueornot.,（2）介词+宾语从句”,Everythingdependsonwhetherthesituationwillimprove.,(3)whether+todo,Pleasetellmewhethertogoornot.,（4）引导主语从句,表语从句及同位语从句Whetherwellgodependsontheweather.Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.,规律：4种情况只能用whether：（1）位于句子开头；（2）前面有介词；（3）引导主语、表语、同位语从句；（4）与ornot连用(5)后接todo,What引导名词性从句=名词+that从句,Hespentwhatseemedtobealongtimeinreadingthenovel.,Thetimethat,Heislivinginwhatusedtobeatemple,theplacethat,Computercanonlydowhatyouhaveinstructedittodo,Thethingsthat,Theydidnotlikewhathewrote.,Thethingsthat,Whathesaidwasperfectlytrue.,Allthat,TheotherdaymybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetatwhatIthoughtwasadangerousspeed.,Thespeedthat,Thewayhediditwasdifferentfromwhatwewereusedto,Thewaythat,Heisnolongerwhatheusedtobe,Thepersonthat,Theshopkeeperdidnotwanttosellforwhathethoughtwasnotenough,Thepricethat,Hetriedtodosomethingsthatareimportantforseveraltimesbutfailed.Anewschoolhasbeenbuiltintheplacethatusedtobeawasteland.,Whatisimportant,what,Ourschoolisbuilt_therearealotoftrees,6、其余问题：,1.误：Idontknowifhecomesbackthismonth.2.误：IhavenoideawhathadhappenedwhenIwasaway.,正：Idontknowifhewillcomebackthismonth.,正：IhavenoideawhathappenedwhenIwasaway.,时态,3.误：Thereasonisbecauseheisill.4.误：Wholeaveslastturnsoffthelight.,正：Thereasonisthatheisill.,正：Whoeverleaveslastturnsoffthelight.,Anyonewho,一般说来，what/who等含特指意义，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义，意为“无论什么/无论谁”。,Itwasamatterofwhomwouldtaketheposition.,who,这是一个含宾语从句的复合句，作介词of宾语的，是后面的整个句子，而不是宾语从句的引导词，由于这里引导词在从句中作主语，所以要用主格who(作宾语时自然要用whom)。,3.Whoeverbreaksthelawistobepunished._breaksthelawistobepunished.4.Hewillgivethedictionarytowhoeverneedsifmost.Hewillgivethedictionaryto_needsitmost.5.Wellrememberwhomeverweturnedtoforhelp.Wellremember_weturnedtoforhelp.6.Theywilldowhateverhewantsthemtodo.Theywilldo_hewantsthemtodo.,Anyonewho,anyonewho,Anyone(whom),anythingthat,同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某些名词的同位语，这些名词常见的有，fact,news,hope,truth,idea,suggestion,thought,question,order,problem,belief,doubt,fear等。引导同位语从句的连词通常有that和whether,what,why,how等。,(1)TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcomeovertovisitChinaagain.(2)Weallknowthetruththattheearthgoesroundthesun.(3)Theyaskedmethequestionwhethertheworkwasworthdoing.(4)Theyproblemwhetheritisrightorwronghasnotyetbeendecided.(5)Ihavenoideawherehelives.,试比较：Heputforwardthesuggestionthatthesecondquestionshouldbediscussedfirst.（同位语从句）Thesuggestionthathehadputforwardwasturneddown.（定语从句）,连词that在从句中三不原则,that在从句中做成分,Tellthedifference,1.Thenewsthattheplanewouldtakeoffontimemadeeverybodyhappy.2.Thenewsthatisspreadingaroundtheairportisthataheavystormiscoming.,3.Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.4.Thesuggestionthattheyareconsideringisthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical.,N,A,A,N,where引导的同位语/宾语从句/状语从句与定语从句的区别,Theyputforwardthequestionwheretheycouldgetthemoney.Thisistheplacewheretheaccidenthappened.ThisiswhereIlive,Theplacewhere,Ivejustcomefromwherethetalktookplace,ThisiswhereIdisagree.Thatiswhereyourewrong.IvegotwhereIambyhardwork.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Wherethemoneyis,theresthepower.,1、注意that的用法一.主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用的that不能省略。ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntousall.二.宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：当that宾语从句中间有插入词语,that不可省Hejudgedthat,becausehewasachild,hedidnotunderstandwhathehadsaid.,当that从句有并列从句时，that不能省；Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.当多个that从句作并列宾语时,前面从句的that可省可不省,但最后一个that不可以省Heknows(that)hisEnglishteacherisfromEnglandandthatshehastwochildren.当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如：Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo,2.注意同位语从句和定语从句的区别：,A.定语从句中关系词代替先行词在从句中做成分;而在同位语从句中连接词不做成分。B.定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰,同位语从句是对前面的名词进行解释说明。1Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.2Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging.,3、whether和if的用法,whether可用于介词之后.Italldependsonwhethertheywillcomebackwhether可用于不定式之前Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.后面直接跟ornot时用whether。.IdidntknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinWuhan,主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句句首中只能用whether，宾语从句中则两者都可Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”，而if不能。If表示“如果”时，不能用whether。Whetherhecomesornot,wewillbeginourpartyontime.IfIhaveenoughtime,Iwillplayfootball.,4、whatwhowhich+ever和nomatter+whatwhowhich的区别：,whatwhowhich+ever可引导名词性从句和让步状语从句Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.nomatter+whatwhowhich只能引导让步状语从句。如：Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.,5、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致、主谓一致、语序,(1)一个主语从句做主语，谓语动词常用单数：如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用复数；(2)由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。如：Whenthemeetingwillbegin_notbeendecidedyet.Whentheywillstartandwheretheygo_notbeendecidedyet.Whenandwherethemeetingwillbegin_notbeendecided.,has,have,has,宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致，但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象，虽然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。如：Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsataveryhighspeed.,名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如：Heaskedmewhereweshouldmeet.,6.关于doubt,肯定句中doubt后跟if/whether，否定句中doubt后面跟that.sb.doubtsif/whether.sb.doesntdoubtthat.Thereisnodoubtthat.Thereisnodoubtthathewillwinthegame.,巩固练习,1.Thequestionis_thefilmisworthseeingAifBwhatCwhetherDhow2.Oneofthemenheldtheview_thebooksaidwasrightAthatwhatBwhatthatCthatDwhether,3._hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeveryonepresent.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter4.Energyis_makesthingsworkAwhatBeverythingCsomethingDanything,5.Thereason_Ihavetogois_mymotherisillinbedA.why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;because6.Hedoesntthinkthequestion_theyaremenorwomenisimportantA.whetherB.ifC.whichD.why,7.Itwasorderedthatallthesoldiers_tothefrontA.shouldsendB.mustbesentC.besentD.mustgo8.Airistous_wateristofishA.isthatB.whatC.whichD.that,9.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_heorshewants.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever10.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof_sharesherinterests.A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho,11._shecouldntunderstandwas_fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestsinherlessons.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;that12._fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.WhatB.ThatC.ThisD.Which,13Shereceivedthemessage_yousenthertheotherday.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when14_isnopossibility_Bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.A.There,thatB.It,thatC.There,whetherD.It,which,15.Weallthought_apitythatwehadmissedthelesson.A.soB.suchC.itD.that16.Itook_forgrantedthattheywerenotcoming.A.thatB.thisC.itD.so17.Iheard_saidthathehadgreatconcernforhisclassmates.A.andB.thatC.wasD.it18.IwishI_tothefootballmatchlastnight.A.wentB.goC.shouldgoD.hadgone,19.Thereasonhehasmadesuchgreatprogressis_hehasneverwastedhistime.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.what20.Mysuggestionis_weshouldturnthelandintoricefields.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where21.Hisproposalisthatthedam_atthefootofthemountain.A.buildB.willbuildC.bebuiltD.willbebuilt22.Myadviceisthathe_regularhouse.A.keepB.wouldkeepC.keepsD.kept,Ithink_importanttofinishthework.,
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