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完形填空专讲专练完形填空解题方法指导教学目标1. 了解完形填空的语篇特点。2. 掌握并熟练运用完形填空的解题方法和技巧。3. 掌握完形填空高频词汇。名师点拨北京中考完形填空命题规律总结北京中考完形填空的文章以380-440词左右的记叙文为主。文章的话题大多贴近中学生的生活并且大部分文章会讲述一个小故事，故事的主人公遇到或是做了一件事情，故事的进程中主人公有一系列的情感变化，但故事在结束时会传递出一种正能量。如北京中考完形填空，讲述了主人公Molly给妈妈准备圣诞惊喜的故事，通过载体“gloves”传递出“子女要学会向自己的父母表达爱(love)”的这种理念。因此建议读者在做题时需要将自己带入故事的情景中，以主人公的视角体会故事情节变化中情感的变化，把握文章想要传达的含义，进而选择贴近文章主旨的选项。完形填空题的第一句通常不设空，给读者提供一定的语言背景。中考完形填空题主要考查学生以下三个方面的知识和技能：一、对文章的整体理解，上下文段落的衔接，逻辑思维与判断能力。二、对词汇和惯用法等语言基础知识的考查，多以实词为主，虚词为辅。根据对近几年中考完形填空题的分析，各种词类的考查比例由多到少，顺序如下：动词、名词、形容词、副词、连词和代词等。三、对生活中常见的事实进行推理和判断的能力。完形填空解题方法指导解答完形填空的总原则是“先完意，后完形”，即先理解文章的主旨大意和作者要传递的理念，再进行选择填空。一、完形填空解题步骤第一步通读全文，把握脉络跳过空格，速读全文，把握大意。注意文中的语篇关键词，和句中的连词，如but出现后就说明句子强调的重点是but后面的内容；再如代词it指代的定是前文的单数或者不可数名词。找到关键词可以帮助我们掌握文章的大概意思及其想要传达的寓意。如北京中考完形填空的关键词是：Molly; mum; Christmas; surprise; gloves。第二步瞻前顾后，上下求索联系上下文，运用解题策略从句子、段落、语篇层面解题，抓住文章中的上下文线索词。如北京中考完形填空的最主要的线索词就是gloves。第三步再读文章，核查答案代入答案，再读全文，反复检查，争取做到：结构正确+语义通顺+逻辑合理。二、完形填空解题策略方法方法一：词汇复现法解释“词汇复现”是指某一词汇以原词、词形变化(如protect和protection)、同义词/近义词(如road和trail)、反义词(如wrong和 correct)、上下义词(上义词是总称词，下义词是被包含的个体或种类。如adult是my father的上义词；coat是clothes的下义词) 等重复出现在语篇之中。例题He is very kind and friendly to others. Because of his _, he is quite popular with the people around him. A. ability B. honesty C. relationship D. kindness【分析：通过上文“He is very kind and friendly to others”，由“kind”可知因为他的“善良友好”他很受欢迎。故选D。】牛刀小试1She opened “Mums Wish Book” and hoped that she could find these 32 in it. Tears ran down her face when she saw the gloves in the catalog【北京中考】32. A. flowersB. sunglassesC. glovesD. chocolates2“Yes, Its a Christmas gift for Mum, but please dont tell her. Its our 35 , OK?” As Molly walked back home, she decided to tell Dad her secret【北京中考】35. A. secretB. choiceC. dream D. task3 To be chosen, we had to turn in an example of our _32_. I wrote an article about the joys of summer, and showed it to my father,【东城一模】32.A. report B. writing C. homework D. newspaper4 they were always very generous（慷慨的）when it came to giving us 31 .In fact, they didnt just give presents to us children. 【东城二模】31. A. wishes B. lessons C. presents D. greetings5when I had my class write something about themselves, he just sat there. So I took him outside to see what was wrong. “You can 31 about something else; anything you want, ”I offered【西城一模】31. A. talkB. readC. writeD. hear6 The fourth day started with me finding a _ (39) on the sidewalk, Id always thought of finding money as a good sign. 【西城二模】39. A. card B. coin C. phone D. book 7 Every university that he applied to (申请) accepted him. When the autumn came, Justin had his _40_ in colleges. He decided to go to the sunniest university in Hawaii, and nobody could say that Justin made a bad choice. 【海淀一模】40. A. fact B. choice C. record D. event8Tina had two exams that day. Physics was first and she hated physics, it was her worst 31 . Her friend Lily had promised to help her study for the physics exam. 【海淀二模】31. A. month B. subject C. market D. name9 Tears (眼泪) ran down his face as he held the book close to him and went back to his seat. I stayed with the class for the rest of the day. Ronny never let go of the 36 , not once. It never left his hands. 【朝阳一模】36. A. handB. classC. bookD. chair10“Anything could have gone wrong at that point, so I stayed there through the night to make sure everything was done 33 , ” Michael said. 【朝阳二模】33. A. fast B. right C. warmly D. slowly参考答案：CABCC BBBCB方法方法二：上下文推理法解释“上下文推理法”是指根据对上下文的语义和整个语篇的理解，进行适当的推理判断，因此需重点注意挖空处的上下文语境，判断清楚所要表达的含义。例题例：When we talked, I discovered（发现）some differences in school life between the US and China. For example, each class lasts fifty minutes in the US. It is a little _17_ than that in China. We usually have forty minutes in each class.17. A. shorter B. longer C. earlier D. later【分析：通过上文“each class lasts fifty minutes in the US”和下文“We usually have forty minutes in each class.”可知美国每节课是50分钟，中国每节课是40分钟，根据上下文可以推断出美国的课时比中国的长，故选B。】牛刀小试1 ing home from school every day, Molly peeked at (偷看) Dad when Mum wasnt 37 , but every time he shook his head. 【北京中考】37. A. workingB. lookingC. smilingD. talking2 I didnt write a lot but working on the paper sounded like fun. I _31_the idea of being a reporter, interviewing my friends【东城一模】31. A. gave B. shared C. liked D. weled3 No surprisehis version(版本)was _34_ . He had a gift for language. 【东城一模】34.A. different B. mon C. popular D. wonderful4 when we got to the end of the present giving, I was very 33 . My last present was not the bike I had hoped for. 【东城二模】33. A. upset B. afraid C. nervous D. serious5 Vincent was difficult and 32 . He acted out. He threw things. He refused to work, to be quiet, to sit down. 【西城一模】32. A. angryB. lazyC. carelessD. disappointed6 Suddenly, a big boy _33_ Justin. Justin went flying, fell on the ground and broke his leg. 【海淀一模】33. A. saw B. met C. pushed D. followed7“ Let me see your progress report.” Justin was _37_. His grades had really fallen since he broke his leg. 【海淀一模】37. A. moved B. embarrassed C. interested D. pleased 8my family is having a 38 time. My dad had a heart attack and hes in hospital. 【海淀二模】38. A. terrible B. simple C. boring D. fortable9I held an awards ceremony(颁奖典礼). I _35_ Ronny with a book one of those Little Golden Books that only cost $5. 【朝阳一模】35. A. coveredB. shared C. presented D. pared10As he tried to open the door, he realized it was 37 . He was trapped(陷入困境)in his car【朝阳二模】37. A. open B. shut C. safe D. cold参考答案：BCDAA CBACB方法方法三：逻辑推理法解释“逻辑推理法”是根据文章的逻辑关系（如因果、并列、让步、转折、时间顺序、目的、条件、选择等）进行适当的推理判断，因此需特别注意挖空处表示逻辑关系的连词（如and表并列，but和however表转折，because、for、 so等表因果，first of all、then和finally等表顺序等）。例题例1：My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera very much, but he cant sing 6 . 6. A. badlyB. easilyC. wellD. excitedly【分析：通过上文“My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera”和连词 “but”，可以推断出前后存在转折关系，此处想要表达的含义是“喜欢但唱得不好”，故选C。】牛刀小试1Mum wouldnt buy them for herself, because the family had a 33 time on the farm. 【北京中考】33. A. hardB. lonelyC. shortD. busy2On Christmas Eve, Dad came back from mailbox, still empty handed. Molly felt 38 when she went to bed, because she didnt have the gloves for Mum. 【北京中考】38. A. sadB. strangeC. angryD. tired3And as a result, he rewrote the whole piecewithout me, for I never said anything to _33_ him 【东城一模】33.A. help B. stop C. allow D. praise4For years after that, at the end of all the present giving, my father would ask me what I had to say to everyone. It had bee a family joke. I would always say, “Is that all?” But what I really 40 was “Thanks so much.”And everyone knew that. 【东城二模】40. A. heard B. meant C. answered D. expected5If I knew she had found a better home, I would be _ (33) yet relieved (放心的). 【西城二模】33. A. mad B. worried C. sad D. moved 6Just then, Mr. Reed started to collect the exam papers. Oh no, Tina hadnt 33 it and she was going to fail again! 【海淀二模】33. A. finished B. forgotten C. collected D. built7He thought I was cheating. But he 40 and understands me now. 【海淀二模】40. A. refuses B. believes C. criticizes D. praises8He had a speech problem so he couldnt _31_ like other kids in his grade. 【朝阳一模】31. A. readB. copy C. writeD. listen参考答案：AABBC ABA方法方法四：文化背景常识法解释“文化背景常识法”是指完形填空的文章内容往往与我们的文化生活、史地知识、生活科技等相关，有些内容是我们已经掌握的生活常识，答题时要充分调动相关知识帮助我们分析、推断。事实上，该技巧与“逻辑推断”常常交织在一起的，因为虽有背景常识，仍需简单推理。需注意中外文化的差异性，不能总是用中国人看问题的角度来看待其它国家发生的事情。例题例：There are many kinds of animals in the world. Elephants are the 1 animals that live on land. Only some kinds of whales (鲸鱼) are bigger than elephants, but they live in the 2 . 1. A. biggest B. smallest C. smaller D. bigger2. A. river B. lake C. sea D. forest【分析：第1题，众所周知：大象是陆地上最大的动物，故选A. biggest。第2题，众所周知：鲸鱼生活在大海里，故选C. sea。】牛刀小试1As Molly walked back home, she decided to tell Dad her secret. “Youve got to check the mailbox every day,” said Molly 36 to Dad. He nodded, with a big smile【北京中考】36. A. patientlyB. doubtfullyC. proudlyD. quietly2Without thinking, Tina looked up and nodded to Mr. Reed. Lily was looking at her phone and didnt hear Mr. Reed as he walked 37 up to her table. 【海淀二模】37. A. lazily B. weakly C. silently D. patiently3After medical school, Michael moved to Southern California. He became a 3l at Mission munity Hospital. 【朝阳二模】31.A. teacher B. driver C. doctor D. worker参考答案：DCC方法方法五：固定搭配法解释完形填空以语境考查为主，但也有小部分题目考查语法知识、固定搭配和固定句型，解题过程中我们需要结合所学固定搭配选出正确答案。例题例1：When two people are in a conversation, the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time, in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention 13 what he or she is speaking 13. A. for B. of C. with D. to【分析：考查固定短语“pay attention to注意”，故选D。】例2：but we were relaxed when we were lying on the beach. We 10 some photos there. 10. A. got B. brought C. bought D. took【分析：考查固定短语“take photos拍照”，故选D。】牛刀小试1Before Christmas dinner, as Mum took the apple pies out of the oven, Molly began 39 the table. 【北京中考】39. A. pushing B. changingC. settingD. booking2It was something I _ (38) because I believed Gracie was half dog, half wolf 【西城二模】38. A. looked up B. built up C. set up D. made up 3When Chris finished primary school, the two lost 35 . What Michael could never have expected was how Chris would reenter his life 30 years later. 【朝阳二模】35. A. hope B. touch C. trust D. message参考答案：CDB完形填空高频词汇【词性及词义部分可以让学生自己默写；例句除加黄色底纹部分以外，其余都来自真题和模拟题】【常考动词】单词词性及词义示例surprisev. 使惊奇What surprised me most was that they got married soon.dropv.1)落下 2)放下 3)降低 4)中途卸客Molly ran back home and dropped her schoolbag on the sofa.orderv.1)命令 2)订购,点菜The officer ordered them to fire.walkv.1)走2)护送走 3)遛1)Molly had walked a dog for a neighbor and saved her money all year to buy Mum the gloves.2) When Michael realized that the little baby he once saved had just saved him, all he could do was to hold back tears.savev.1)救助 2)攒钱tearv. 撕掉the order form torn from the catalog(商品目录)passv.1)路过2)递3)及格 4)时间流逝1) “Umm, a pair of gloves?” said Mr. Smith, as he passed a stamp to her.2) Justin passed through all his classes.realizev. 1)意识到 2)实现1) Molly didnt realize how white Mr. Smiths beard was until that moment. 2)I was so upset that I didnt realize how unthankful I sounded.3) I started to realize what a stupid thing I had said.4) Justin realized that he didnt want to feel bad for himself5) As he tried to open the door, he realized it was shut.remindv.提醒；使想起1) In face, he reminded her of Santa Claus.2)Rheas words remind me what, as a writer, I surely have faith in: the power of story.handv. 交；递She handed me the letter.designv. 设计design a carcheckv. 检查check ones worksetv. 1)放置 2) 摆放餐具as Mum took the apple pies out of the oven, Molly began setting the table.bookv. 预定book a flight to Beijingchangev. 改变interviewv. 1) 面试 2)采访I like the idea of being a reporter, interviewing my friends, and covering middle school events.coverv.1) 覆盖 2)设计3)报道rewritev. 重写expectv. 1)预料 2)期望I expect you to write a personal opinion article every weekChris entered the world earlier than expected.What Michael could never have expected was how Chris would reenter his life 30 years later.expressv. 表达my teacher clearly expressed his disappointmentplainv. 抱怨；埋怨1) I plained that my father rewrote my first article himself, instead of simply trying to help me to improve it.2) After my parents worked so hard, how could I plain that I did not receive a bikeI worked with all the students in Ronnys class one by one to improve their reading skills.improvev.提高；改善allowv. 允许because I allowed him to do it.reachv. 1)抵达 2)达到 3)伸手 4)够得着.my writing never reached the level of the first article.raisev. 1) 举起 2)提高 3)筹集 4)提出 5)抚养raise hand; raise the price; raise money; raise questionsholdv. 1)抓住 2)抱住 3)举行 4) 坚持住1) Every year they held a Christmas Eve party.2)they hold the world responsible for the consequence.3) Its what holds our life together.4) she saw Lily holding her phone under the table.5) I held an awards ceremony(颁奖典礼).6) all he could do was to hold back tears.leavev. 1)离开 2)留下 3)丢下 I made it clear by leaving hints to my parents in every way I knew.When Tina was leaving school, Lily stopped her.It never left his hands.receivev. 收到；招待I had received so many other thingsacceptv. 接受；录取Vincent got accepted into ten different universities.Every university that he applied to accepted him.failv. 1)失败，未能做到 2)衰退 3)使失望Her eyesight is failing.When he lost his job, he felt he failed his family.He worked with a house painter after failing through high school.Oh no, Tina hadnt finish it and she was going to fail again!meanv.意思是But what I really meant was “Thanks so much.”That didnt mean we didnt try. havev.1)有 2)使做I had my class write something about themselves.offerv.主动提出 “You can write about something else”I offered.wonderv.想知道I wondered what he was up to.attendv.1)参加 2)上课Vincent attended classes and got straight As for two years.landv. 1)着陆 2)成功得到Vincent landed a great job at a big tech pany.workv. 1)工作 2)奏效;起作用 For him, sitting still, listening and reading, didnt work. attractv. 吸引Justin was attracted by the stories that Kiki told.encouragev.鼓励succeedv.1)成功 2)接替disappearv.消失；不见my dog Gracie disappeared six years ago.His once bright future disappeared.believev.相信；认为I really learned what I believe.Such stories only bee real when we believe them.But he believes and understands me now.searchv.搜查We searched the neighborhood for hoursimaginev.想象but imagine hearing for the first timeBut he could never have imagined where it would e from.waitv.等待supportv. 1)支持2)养活3)支撑He has a big family to support.some stories are never supported with scientific factssuggestv.1)建议 2)表明;暗示I suggest that we go out to eat.All the evidence suggests that he stole the money.beatv. 1)打败 2)敲打 3)心跳He could run with the ball fast and beat any of the older boys at the courtagreev. 1)同意 2)约定Justin agreed.liev.1)躺 2)位于 3)说谎Justin just lay in bed watching TV every daybreakv. 1)摔坏 2)弄坏 3)暂停 4)违犯n. 休息；休假Justin went flying, fell on the ground and broke his leg.while she was home on break, they studied, talked and worked together.applyv.申请；应用Every university that he applied to accepted him.standv.1)站立 2)位于 3)忍受I cant stand his brother.Ronny stood apart from his classmates in other ways.recordv.1)记录 2)录音promisev. 承诺Lily had promised to help her study for the physics exam.cheatv.1)欺骗 2)作弊Lily would get a good grade by cheating.collectv.1)收集；收藏 2)取走Mr. Reed started to collect the exam papers.pointv.指向；指引Mr. Reed picked up Lilys exam paper, pointed to the door andstopv.1)(使)停止;结束2)阻止When Tina was leaving school, Lily stopped her.understandv.理解But he believes and understands me now.forgivev.原谅Will you forgive me?praisev.赞扬；赞美volunteerv.自愿做I volunteered as the Reading Mom in the first-grade classroom.strugglev./n.努力;战斗;挣扎he struggled(努力) to read out.returnv. 1)回来 2)归还3)恢复I returned to the school to visitplacev.放置I walked towards Ronny, and placed my hand on his shoulderrefusev.拒绝managev.设法做成;能解决;管理he managed to read a word with a strange pronunciation manage a weak smile(强颜欢笑)sharev.共用;分享;分担share informationpresentv.颁发;赠送;展现I presented Ronny with a book You need to present yourself better.noticev.注意到risev.上升；升起；提高His temperature rose quicklychoosev.选择Chris parents chose Michael to be their sons doctor for his childhood.reenterv.再次进入losev.丢失；失去When Chris finished primary school, the two lost touch. He lost himself in great hopelessness.controlv. 控制suddenly a truck lost controlarrivev.到达；到来affectv.影响followv. 1)跟着2)沿着(道路)3)听从 4)理解Why didnt you follow my adviceSorry, I cant follow you.reportv. 报告；报道Michael reported to them that their babys fever had gone.pushv.推Suddenly, a big boy pushed Justin.rememberv.记得；记起missv.错过；想念meetv.遇见;迎接;经历;满足Will you meet me at the airport?We have met similar problems.Its impossible to meet the needs of all the different people.parev.比较；对比showv.展示；表明【常考形容词、副词】单词词性及词义示例excitedlyadv.激动地She said excitedly to herself, “mum, this year youll get the gloves you want!” excitedadj.激动的；兴奋的before I could be excited about the news, he added,excitingadj.令人激动的She was like sunshine, bringing exciting stories of college.lonelyadj.孤独的；偏僻的a lonely islandhardadj.困难的Mum wouldnt buy them for herself, because the family had a hard time on the farm.patientadj.耐心的patientlyadv.耐心地Wait patiently? Search endlessly?.proudadj.骄傲的；自豪的proudlyadv.骄傲地；自豪地quietadj.安静的quietlyadv.安静地“Youve got to check the mailbox every day,” said Molly quietly to Dad.silentlyadv.悄悄地；无声地Lily was looking at her phone and didnt hear Mr. Reed as he walked silently up to her table.silentadj.沉默的；安静的On the days when it was Ronnys turn, Id give him a silent smile, and he d fly out of his chair.sadadj.伤心的Molly felt sad when she went to bed, because she didnt have the gloves for Mum.If I knew she had found a better home, I would be sad yet relieved.The doctor said Justin might never play again. Justin was so sad.strangeadj.奇怪的；陌生的It seems strange, but I felt better then.angryadj.生气的Vincent was difficult and angry.tiredadj.疲倦的；厌烦的wonderfuladj.精彩的No surprisehis version was wonderful.worriedadj.担心的nervousadj.紧张的lazyadj.懒惰的lazilyadv.懒惰地magicadj.有魔力的；神奇的terribleadj.糟糕的；可怕的He remembered feeling terrible for acting out.Im really sorry I didnt answer your calls, but my family is having a terrible time.braveadj.勇敢的monadj.常见的；普通的；共同的busyadj.忙的painfuladj.痛苦的;艰难的a painful experiencesuccessfuladj. 成功的expressadj. 快递的EMS= Express Mail Serviceconfidentadj.自信的brightAdj. 1) 明亮的 2) 艳丽的(颜色) 3)聪明的 4)有希望的;光明的Looking back, I realized that the pain and shame of that school experience had a bright side.His once bright future disappeared.amazingadj. 令人惊喜(奇)的Christmas was always an amazing time in my homeobviousadj.明显的My parents looked unhappy, as my disappointment was obvious.upsetadj.难过的I was so upset that I didnt realize how unthankful I sounded.Justin felt better and he wasnt so upset.unthankfuladj.不知感恩的unfortableadj.不舒服的fortableadj.舒服的；舒适的unimportantadj.不重要的dishonestadj.不诚实的honestadj.诚实的improperadj.不合适的Those words were improper in any situationuselessadj.无用的;无意义的Its useless to argue with him.
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