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1,Listeningandspeaking,Reading,Grammar,Writing,Cultureexpress,Content,2,Pronunciationandlisteningskills,Conversations,Passage,Listeningandspeaking,3,Pronouncingfricativesproperly,Thepronunciationsofthefricatives(摩擦音)ineachgrouparedifficulttodistinguish.Listencarefullyandcheck()thewordsyouhear.Thenreadthesewordsandtrytomakecleartheirdifferences.,1fewview,3finevine,5ricerise,7sickthick,9mousemouth,2safesave,4bathbathe,6busbuzz,8singthing,10breezebreathe,4,Tips,/f/和/v/f/和/v/是唇齿音。发/f/时，上齿轻轻咬住下唇内侧，将气流从唇齿的缝隙间轻轻吹出来；/v/的发音和/f/大致相同，发此音时，上齿轻轻咬住下唇内侧，再用力将气从唇齿的缝隙中吹出来，但需要振动声带。/和/和/是齿间音。发/时，双唇微开，舌头伸出来，上下齿轻咬住舌尖，将气流从牙齿的缝隙中吹出来。发/时，双唇微开，上下齿轻咬住舌尖，让气流尽量被上下齿堵住，只允许少量气体从牙齿缝隙中吹出来，同时振动声带发出声音。,Pronouncingfricativesproperly,5,Tips,/s/和/z/是齿龈音。发/s/时，舌尖及舌中靠近上齿龈，其间形成窄缝，气流从窄缝中流出，摩擦成音，但只送气不振动声带；发/z/和发/s/时的舌形和口形相同，不同的是发此音时声带需要振动，但不送气。,Pronouncingfricativesproperly,6,Conversations,Conversation1,Conversation2,Functionallanguage,Exercises,Exercises,Functionallanguage,7,WhatdoyouknowaboutJason?,1.Listentoaconversationandcompletethefollowingsentenceswithwhatyouhear.,Conversation1-Expressingsatisfaction,Hegetsalotof4)_atwork.,Heis1)_withhisworkasusual.,Heworksinoneoftheworlds2)_companies,whichisquitedemanding.,Hesbeenworkinginthiscompanyfor3)_years.,busy,top500,overtwo,fun,8,1Hehasabigoffice.,2.Listenagainandcheck()thereasonswhyJasonfeelssatisfiedwithhispresentjob.,2Heiswell-paid.,3Hisbossisopen-minded.,Conversation1-Expressingsatisfaction,4Hiscolleaguesarehelpful.,5Hisjobprovidesgoodopportunitiesforpromotion.,6Thereisnotmuchpressureathiswork.,9,Jason:Anna:Jason:Anna:Jason:Anna:Jason:Anna:Jason:Anna:,Hi,Anna,howsitgoing?Nottoobad.Ihaventseenyouforsometime.Whathaveyoubeendoinglately,Jason?Sameasusual,Imstillbusywithmywork.Youknow,workinginoneoftheworldstop500companiesisquitedemanding.Howlonghaveyoubeenworkinginthiscompany?Overtwoyears.Areyousatisfiedwithyourpresentjob?Yes,Iamquitepleasedwithit.Ihaveabigoffice,somehelpfulcolleagues,andanopen-mindedboss.Thereisnothingtocomplainabout.Itseemsthatyouhavealotoffunatwork.Yes,itsjustwhatIwantedfromwork.Youarereallylucky!,Scripts,Conversation1-Expressingsatisfaction,10,3.Role-playaconversationinpairsaccordingtooneofthefollowingsituations.YoumayrefertotheFunctionalLanguage.,(Sample),(Sample),Conversation1-Expressingsatisfaction,11,Ann:Betty:Ann:Betty:Ann:Betty:Ann:,Hi,Betty!Howwasyourdinnerlastnight?Great!MyfriendandIlikeitverymuch.Thanksforyourrecommendation.Oh,really?Couldyoutellmewhyyoulikeit?Therestaurantisfilledwithacozyatmosphereanditisquiterelaxingtobethere.Yes,Ihavethesamefeelingwithyou.Moreover,thefoodisverydeliciousandtheserviceisprettygood.Yeah,Itotallyagreewithyou.,Roleplay-Sampleconversation,Situation1,Conversation1-Expressingsatisfaction,12,Ann:Brown:Ann:Brown:Ann:Brown:Ann:,Goodmorning,ProfessorBrown.Goodmorning.Ihavejustfinishedapainting.Couldyoupleasetakealookatit?Sure.Hmm,thisisaverysatisfyingone.Ilikeitverymuch.Really?Whydoyousayso?Itshowsyourpersonalityandcanarousetheviewersimagination.Imgladtoseetheimprovementinyourpainting,Ann!Thankyouverymuch!,Roleplay-Sampleconversation,Situation2,Conversation1-Expressingsatisfaction,13,FunctionalLanguage,Conversation1-Expressingsatisfaction,14,1.Listentoaconversationanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).,Jackisntsatisfiedwithhispresentwork.,T,F,T,ThesalesgoalisalwayspossibleforJacktoachieve.,MissGreenenjoyspickingonJack.,Conversation2-Expressingdissatisfaction,15,2.ListenagainandmatchthepeopleinColumnAwiththeinformationinColumnB.,Conversation2-Expressingdissatisfaction,Jack,Jane,MissGreen,16,Jane:Jack:Jane:Jack:Jane:Jack:Jane:Jack:Jane:,Youdontlookverycheerful.Whatsthematter,Jack?Oh,nothingspecial,Jane.Imjustabitfedup.Withyourjob?Arentyousatisfiedwithyourpresentwork?No,Imunderalotofpressureatwork.Mybossalwayswantsmetoincreasesales.Sometimesthesalesgoalisalmostimpossibletoachieve.Imnotpleasedwithit.IusedtofeelstressedoutlikeyoubutImanagedtofindsometimetojogeverymorning.Itdidwork.MaybeIshouldtryit.Butyouknow,Iamverybusy.Theworkhereisreallytiring.Cheerup!Maybebeingbusymeanstherearemoreopportunitiesforapromotion.Ihopeso.ButMissGreen,myboss,enjoyspickingonme.Ireallycantstandit.Stopdwellingonit.Thinkaboutthepositivesideofyourworkandyouwillfeelbetterthen.,Scripts,Conversation2-Expressingdissatisfaction,17,3.Role-playaconversationinpairsaccordingtooneofthefollowingsituations.YoumayrefertotheFunctionalLanguage.,(Sample),(Sample),Conversation2-Expressingdissatisfaction,18,Ann:Betty:Ann:Betty:Ann:Betty:Ann:,Hi,Betty.Hi,Ann.Itseemsyouarenotinagoodmood.Whatswrong?Idontreallylikelivinginthedorm.IwishIcouldmoveintoanapartmentandliveonmyown.Whathappened?Thedormistoocrammedandnoisy.Ijustcantstandit.Isee.Whatyousaidistrue.Butitisfuntolivewithyourfriendsandclassmates.Besides,itssaferandmoreconvenienttoliveinthedorm.Youareright.Thanksfortalkingwithme.,Roleplay-Sampleconversation,Situation1,Conversation2-Expressingdissatisfaction,19,Jack:Henry:Jack:Henry:Jack:Henry:,Hi,buddy!Youlookverydowninthemouth.Whatsthematter?Imdissatisfiedwithmyperformanceinthebasketballgamethisafternoon.Oh,whathappened?Ionlygottwopoints.Itneverhappenedtomebefore.Imreallydisappointed.Comeon.Thatsjustonegame.Youstillhavechancesinthefuture.Whatsthemostimportantisthatyouarehavingfunfromplayingbasketball.Iguessyouareright.Thankyou!,Roleplay-Sampleconversation,Situation2,Conversation2-Expressingdissatisfaction,20,FunctionalLanguage,Conversation2-Expressingdissatisfaction,21,1.Listentoapassageandcompletethefollowingtablewithwhatyouhear.,Passage,1Differentpeoplehavedifferentidealjobsbecauseeveryonehashisowninterest.,T,F,T,2Thespeakerhasdecidedtobecomeateacherpartlybecausehecanearnalotofmoney.,3Tothespeaker,beingateachercanmakehimimprovewiththestudents.,22,2.Listenagainandanswerthefollowingquestionsbyfillingintheblankswithwhatyouhear.,Passage,1Forhowmanyreasonsdoesthespeakerchoosetobeateacher?_.,2Whatcanthetwolongvacationsofferthespeaker?Theycouldofferhima(n)_forreflection,research,andwriting.,3Whatkindofopportunitydoesthejobofteachingprovideforthespeaker?Theopportunitytomotivatehimselftokeepon_.,Three,opportunity,learning,23,Therearevariouskindsofjobsintheworld,suchaswriting,nursing,teaching,andengineering.Butdifferentpeoplechoosedifferentjobsastheiridealcareers.Thisisbecauseeveryonehashisowninterest.Asforme,Ihavemadeupmymindtobeateacher.Ichoosetodosomainlyforthreereasons:Firstly,Ilikethepaceoftheacademiccalendar.Twolongvacationsoffermeanopportunityforreflection,research,andwriting.Secondly,Icanhavetheopportunitytomotivatemyselftokeeponlearning.Finally,beingaroundthestudentswhoarebeginningtochangeandgrow,Icangetimprovementtoo.,Scripts,Passage,24,3.Workinpairstodothefollowingactivities.,Passage,1Matchthejobswiththefollowingpictures.,Ascientist,Bworker,Csinger,Dteacher,Ereporter,_,_,_,_,_,Ffootballplayer,_,25,3.Workinpairstodothefollowingactivities.,Passage,2Whatsyouridealjob?Describeittoyourpartner.,3Listthreereasonsforyourchoice.,Myidealjobistobeanewsreporter.Itwilloffermeopportunitiestogotodifferentplacestointerviewdifferentpeopleandreporttotheaudience.,Ichoosetobeanewsreportermainlyforthreereasons.First,Iamalwaysinterestedinamazingnews.Second,Iliketalkingwithdifferentpeople.Itcanbringmeopportunitiestocommunicatewithpeopleandgetnewideasandthoughtsfromthem.Third,Iliketraveling.Beingareportermaybringmeopportunitiestovisitdifferentplaces.,26,PassageA,PassageB,WhenIgrowup,Footballthegameoflife,Reading,27,WhenIgrowup,Lead-in,Textstudy,Exercises,PassageA,28,PassageAWhenIgrowup,Lead-in,Extendedreading,Pre-readingquestions,Videoappreciation,Overview,29,Lead-in,-Videoappreciation,PassageAWhenIgrowup,IcePrincess,30,拾荒记三毛在我的小学时代里，我个人最拿手的功课就是作文和美术。当时，我们全科老师是一个教学十分认真而又严厉的女人。她很少给我们下课，自己也不回办公室去，连中午吃饭的时间，她都舍不得离开我们，我们一面静悄悄的吃便当，一面还得洗耳恭听老师习惯性的骂人。我是常常被指名出来骂的一个。一星期里也只有两堂作文课是我太平的时间。也许老师对我的作文实在是有些欣赏，她常常忘了自己叫骂我时的种种可厌的名称，一上作文课，就会说：“三毛，快快写，写完了站起来朗诵。”有一天老师出了一个每学期都会出的作文题目，叫我们好好发挥，并且说：“应该尽量写得有理想才好。”等到大家都写完了，下课时间还有多，老师坐在教室右边的桌上低头改考卷，顺口就说：“三毛，站起来将你的作文念出来。”,Lead-in,-Extendedreading,PassageAWhenIgrowup,31,小小的我捧了簿子大声朗读起来。“我的志愿我有一天长大了，希望做一个拾破烂的人，因为这种职业，不但可以呼吸新鲜的空气，同时又可以大街小巷的游走玩耍，一面工作一面游戏自由快乐得如同天上的飞鸟。更重要的是，人们常常不知不觉的将许多还可以利用的好东西当作垃圾丢掉，拾破烂的人最愉快的时刻就是将这些蒙尘的好东西再度发掘出来，这”念到这儿，老师顺手丢过来一只黑板擦，打到了坐在我旁边的同学，我一吓，也放下本子不再念了，呆呆的等着受罚。“什么文章嘛！你”老师大吼一声。她喜怒无常的性情我早已习惯了，可是在作文课上对我这样发脾气还是不太常有的。“乱写！乱写！什么拾破烂的！将来要拾破烂，现在书也不必念了，滚出去好了，对不对得起父母”老师又大拍桌子惊天动地的喊。,Lead-in,-Extendedreading,PassageAWhenIgrowup,32,“重写！别的同学可以下课。”她瞪了我一眼便出去了。于是，我又写：“我有一天长大了，希望做一个夏天卖冰棒，冬天卖烤红薯的街头小贩，因为这种职业不但可以呼吸新鲜空气，又可以大街小巷的游走玩耍，更重要的是，一面做生意，一面可以顺便看看，沿街的垃圾箱里，有没有被人丢弃的好东西，这”第二次作文缴上去，老师划了个大红叉，当然又丢下来叫重写。结果我只好胡乱写着：“我长大要做医生，拯救天下万民”。老师看了十分感动，批了个甲，并且说：“这才是一个有理想，不辜负父母期望的志愿。”我那可爱的老师并不知道，当年她那一只打偏了的黑板擦和两次重写的处罚，并没有改悼我内心坚强的信念，这许多年来，我虽然没有真正以拾荒为职业，可是我是拾着垃圾长大的，越拾越专门，这个习惯已经根深蒂固，什么处罚也改不了我。当初胡说的什么拯救天下万民的志愿是还给老师保存了。（节选）,-Extendedreading,PassageAWhenIgrowup,Lead-in,33,Pre-readingquestions,PassageAWhenIgrowup,1.Matchtheinterestareasintheleftcolumnwiththepossiblecareersintherightcolumn.,law,sports,music,computers,traveling,34,Whatdidyoudreamtobewhenyouwereyoung?Andhowaboutnow?Doyouthinkyoucanrealizeyourdream?Whyorwhynot?,PassageAWhenIgrowup,2.Workingroupstodiscussthefollowingquestions.,Pre-readingquestions,35,Lead-in,Wemayoftenbeaskedbyothers:Whatdoyouwanttobewhenyougrowup?Whatisyourdream?Theanswerislikelytobedifferentateachstageofourlifebecausewearegrowingandchangingallthetime.Butwhatistheeternalpursuitoflife?Onthewaytofindingtheanswer,weworkhardforourgoals,wecooperatewithandrelyonothers,andwelearntoappreciatebothsuccessandfailure,justlikeinafootballgame.Aftergoingthroughalltheseexperiences,wemightcometotheconclusion:Whateverpathwemayfollowinlife,happinessistheultimatedestination.,PassageAWhenIgrowup,-Overview,36,Textstudy,Organizationofthetext,Languagepoints,Textreading,PassageAWhenIgrowup,37,PassageA,WhenIGrowup,Inkindergarten,myclasswasasked,“Whatdoyouwanttobewhenyougrowup?”Crayonsdancedacrosssheetsofpapertoillustrateourdreamjobs.OurdrawingswerehunginthehallwayforourparentstoseeatBacktoSchoolNight.Irememberlookingdownthelineandseeingpicturesofballetdancersdancing,firefightersputtingoutabigfire,andspacemenleapingacrossthemoonjobsthatwereseenastypicaldreamsoffive-year-olds.,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,38,PassageA,Mypictureshowedastickfigurewithbrownhairholdingabottleoforangejuiceoversomethinglikeacounter.Underneathwasmyhardlyreadablehandwriting:WhenIgrowup,IwanttoworkattheMarketBasketbecauseitwouldbefuntoswipeorangejuiceacrossthescanneratthecheckoutcounter.TothisdaymyparentswontletmeforgetthatoutofeverythingIcouldhavewishedtobe,myfive-year-oldselfwishedtoworkatthelocalgrocerystore.,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,WhenIGrowup,_,_,_,_,_,39,PassageA,Whenweareyoung,questionsofwhatwewanttobewhenwegrowuparecommon.Yetwearenotexpectedtorespondwithananswerthatislikelytocometrue.Whenwebecometeens,weareaskedtheverysamequestiontwiceasoften.Thedifferenceisthatwearesupposedtoanswerwithconfidence.Asteenagers,weareexpectedtoknowexactlywhatwewanttobeandhowwearegoingtoachievethatgoal.Notallofuscanbesosure.EventhoughIaminhighschool,Icannotanswerconfidently.ButIdontconsiderthatabadthing.HowamIsupposedtoknowwhatIwillwanttospendmytimedoingatage40?,WhenIGrowup,_,_,_,_,_,_,40,PassageA,WhenIGrowup,WhenIthinkaboutthefuture,IdefinitelydontseemyselfworkingattheMarketBasket,butinreality,ifthatwaswhatwouldmakemehappy,Iwoulddoit.So,thenexttimesomeoneasksmewhatIwanttobewhenIgrowup,Iwillsimplysay“happy.”Happinessisadestinationforeveryone.Wemaywanttotakedifferentpathsinlife,butweallwanttobehappywhereverweendup.Chooseyourpath,butdontworrytoomuchaboutwhetheryourchoiceisrightornot.Makeamistakeortwoandtrynewthings.Butalwaysremember:Ifyourenothappy,yourenotattheendofyourjourneyyet.,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,41,Organizationofthetext,Structure,PartI(Para._),PartII(Para._),PartIII(Para._),1-2,3-4,5-6,Myuncommonand“foolish”childhooddreamjob,Asteenager,Iamnotquiteconfidentaboutthesamequestion.,Whatevercareeronechooses,happinessistherealdestination.,PassageAWhenIgrowup,42,Crayonsdancedacrosssheetsofpapertoillustrateourdreamjobs.,彩色蜡笔在纸上飞舞，描绘着我们梦想的工作。,dance:,二十一世纪见证了许多科学发现和发明。,Thetwenty-firstcenturyseesalotofscientificdiscoveriesandinventions.,在这里是拟人用法。类似例子还有：,(Line3,Para.1),PassageAWhenIgrowup,句型：toillustrateourdreamjobs,动词不定式做目的状语，是dance的目的。,_,43,OurdrawingswerehunginthehallwayforourparentstoseeatBacktoSchoolNight.,我们的画被挂在走廊里，好让我们的父母在“返校之夜”可以看到。,(Line5,Para.1),句型：in：prep.表地点，for：prep.引导逻辑主语，to：toinf.动词不定式表目的，at：prep.表示具体的时间,PassageAWhenIgrowup,44,Irememberlookingdownthelineandseeingpicturesofballetdancersdancing,firefightersputtingoutabigfire,andspacemenleapingacrossthemoonjobsthatwereseenastypicaldreamsoffive-year-olds.,我记得放眼望去，有的画上是正在跳舞的芭蕾舞演员，有的是正在扑灭大火的消防员，有的是正在月球上跳跃行走的宇航员，这些工作都是五岁孩子梦想中的工作。,Remember,我记得出门时把灯关了。,IrememberturningoffthelightswhenIlefthome.,rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事remembertodosth.记得要干某事,(Line7,Para.1),PassageAWhenIgrowup,请离开时记得关灯。,Pleaseremembertoturnoffthelightswhenyouleave。,45,Irememberlookingdownthelineandseeingpicturesofballetdancersdancing,firefightersputtingoutabigfire,andspacemenleapingacrossthemoonjobsthatwereseenastypicaldreamsoffive-year-olds.,用法相近的单词1,我在回家的路上停下来买面包。,Istoppedtobuybreadonthewayhome.,stoptodo停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事stopdoing停止正在做的某事,(Line7,Para.1),PassageAWhenIgrowup,他必须得停止考虑这件事。,Hehavetostopthinkingaboutit.,46,Irememberlookingdownthelineandseeingpicturesofballetdancersdancing,firefightersputtingoutabigfire,andspacemenleapingacrossthemoonjobsthatwereseenastypicaldreamsoffive-year-olds.,用法相近的单词2,办公室里的灯还在亮着。他忘了关灯。,Thelightintheofficeisstillon.Heforgottoturnitoff.,forgettodo忘记要去做forgetdoing忘记做过某事,(Line7,Para.1),PassageAWhenIgrowup,他忘记是否关灯了。,Heforgotturningthelightoff.,47,Irememberlookingdownthelineandseeingpicturesofballetdancersdancing,firefightersputtingoutabigfire,andspacemenleapingacrossthemoonjobsthatwereseenastypicaldreamsoffive-year-olds.,用法相近的单词3,你必须尽量更仔细些。,Youmusttrytobemorecareful.,trytodo设法或努力去做某事trydoing尝试着做某事,(Line7,Para.1),PassageAWhenIgrowup,我尝试了做园丁工作但没有成功。,Itriedgardeningbutdidntsucceed.,48,Irememberlookingdownthelineandseeingpicturesofballetdancersdancing,firefightersputtingoutabigfire,andspacemenleapingacrossthemoonjobsthatwereseenastypicaldreamsoffive-year-olds.,用法相近的单词4,我很遗憾必须这么做，但没有其他选择。,Iregrettohavetodothis,butIhavenochoice.,regrettodo对要做的事情遗憾regretdoing对做过的事情遗憾，后悔,(Line7,Para.1),PassageAWhenIgrowup,我不后悔告诉了她我的想法。,IdontregrettellingherwhatIthought.,49,Irememberlookingdownthelineandseeingpicturesofballetdancersdancing,firefightersputtingoutabigfire,andspacemenleapingacrossthemoonjobsthatwereseenastypicaldreamsoffive-year-olds.,用法相近的单词5,我想走，但我父亲不会允许我走。,Imeantogo,butmyfatherwouldnotallowmeto.,meantodo打算，想meandoing意味着,(Line7,Para.1),PassageAWhenIgrowup,那样做意味着浪费时间。,Doingthatmeanswastingtime.,50,Irememberlookingdownthelineandseeingpicturesofballetdancersdancing,firefightersputtingoutabigfire,andspacemenleapingacrossthemoonjobsthatwereseenastypicaldreamsoffive-year-olds.,用法相近的单词6,我们吃完晚饭，接着看电视。,WehadsupperandwentontowatchTV.,goontodo放下手中的活，继续去做别的活goondoing继续做原来做的活,(Line7,Para.1),PassageAWhenIgrowup,他没有休息，继续工作。,Hedidnthavearestandwentonworking.,51,Irememberlookingdownthelineandseeingpicturesofballetdancersdancing,firefightersputtingoutabigfire,andspacemenleapingacrossthemoonjobsthatwereseenastypicaldreamsoffive-year-olds.,用法相近的单词7,她不敢叫醒丈夫。,Shewasafraidtowakeherhusbandup.,beafraidtodo不敢做某事，主观原因是“怕，胆怯”beafraiddoing担心出现doing所指的状况或结果，doing是客观造成的结果，意为“生怕”“恐怕”,(Line7,Para.1),PassageAWhenIgrowup,她怕把丈夫弄醒了。,Shewasafraidofwakingherhusband.,52,Mypictureshowedastickfigurewithbrownhairholdingabottleoforangejuiceoversomethinglikeacounter.,我画的是一个留着棕色头发的人物线条，她站在柜台后，手里拿着一瓶橙汁。,主语：mypicture；谓语：showed；宾语：astickfigure；定语：withbrownhair；现代分词做后置定语：holdingabottleoforangejuiceoversomethinglikeacounter.,句型分析：,(Line1,Para.2),PassageAWhenIgrowup,53,Underneathwasmyhardlyreadablehandwriting:WhenIgrowup,IwanttoworkattheMarketBasketbecauseitwouldbefuntoswipeorangejuiceacrossthescanneratthecheckoutcounter.,画的下面是我那难以辨认的字：长大后，我想在杂货市场工作，因为在收银台旁边用扫描仪扫橙汁的条形码会很有趣。,倒装句。Underneath副词作状语前置。句子的主语是myhardlyreadablehandwriting.,(Line4,Para.2),PassageAWhenIgrowup,54,Tothisday.myparentswontletmeforgetthatoutofeverythingIcouldhavewishedtobe,myfive-year-oldselfwishedtoworkatthelocalgrocerystore.,至今，我的父母都不会让我忘记：在所有我可以希望拥有的工作当中，五岁的我只是想在当地的食品杂货市场工作。,有可能是汤姆把钱拿走了，昨天他单独一个人在这里呆过。,Tomcouldhavetakenthemoney;hewasherealoneyesterday.,一、表示主观猜测：即对已经发生动作或已经存在的状态作出主观上的猜测，通常可译为“可能已经，有时需根据具体语境来翻译。,couldhave:,(Line1,Para.8),PassageAWhenIgrowup,55,Tothisday.myparentswontletmeforgetthatoutofeverythingIcouldhavewishedtobe,myfive-year-oldselfwishedtoworkatthelocalgrocerystore.,他们不可能出去了，因为灯还亮着。,Theycanthavegoneoutbecausethelightson.,该用法也可将could换成can，但这只限于否定句和疑问句，因为can表推测时不用于肯定句，而could可以用于肯定句。,(Line1,Para.8),PassageAWhenIgrowup,56,Tothisday.myparentswontletmeforgetthatoutofeverythingIcouldhavewishedtobe,myfive-year-oldselfwishedtoworkatthelocalgrocerystore.,我本可以轻易通过考试，但我犯了太多不该犯的错误。,IcouldhavepassedmyexaminationeasilybutImadetoomanystupidmistakes.,二、表示未曾实现的能力：即表示过去本来有能力可以做某事的，但实际上没有那样去做，通常译为“本来可以、本来能够”等。,couldhave:,(Line1,Para.8),PassageAWhenIgrowup,57,Tothisday.myparentswontletmeforgetthatoutofeverythingIcouldhavewishedtobe,myfive-year-oldselfwishedtoworkatthelocalgrocerystore.,她本来可能伤得很严重。,Shecouldhavebeenseriouslyinjured.,三、表示未曾实现的可能性：即表示过去本来可能发生的情况，而实际上没有发生，通常译为“本来可以、本来可能”等。,couldhave:,(Line1,Para.8),PassageAWhenIgrowup,58,Tothisday.myparentswontletmeforgetthatoutofeverythingIcouldhavewishedtobe,myfive-year-oldselfwishedtoworkatthelocalgrocerystore.,我本来可以借这笔钱给你的。你为什么不向我提出?,Icouldhavelentyouthemoney.Whydidntyouaskme?,四、表示未曾实现的想法、选择，即表示过去本来有做某事的打算或意图，但实际上没有实现，通常译为“本来可以”。,couldhave:,(Line1,Para.8),PassageAWhenIgrowup,59,Tothisday.myparentswontletmeforgetthatoutofeverythingIcouldhavewishedtobe,myfive-year-oldselfwishedtoworkatthelocalgrocerystore.,你本可以早点动身的。,Youcouldhavestartedalittleearlier.,五、表示批评或责备：即表示过去本来有责任或义务应该做某事，但实际上却没有做成，含有批评和责备的意味，通常译为“本来应该”、“本来可以”等。,couldhave:,(Line1,Para.8),PassageAWhenIgrowup,60,Tothisday.myparentswontletmeforgetthatoutofeverythingIcouldhavewishedtobe,myfive-year-oldselfwishedtoworkatthelocalgrocerystore.,你如早来一点，就会帮上我们了。,Ifyouhadcomesooner,youcouldhavehelpedus.,七、用于虚拟语气：在虚拟条件句中，当谈论过去的情况时，其句型通常是：主句用“could/would/should/might+have+过去分词”，从句用过去完成时。,couldhave:,(Line1,Para.8),PassageAWhenIgrowup,61,Whenweareyoung,questionsofwhatwewanttobewhenwegrowuparecommon.,小时候，我们通常会被问到长大了想干什么的问题。,questionof后面接的是关系代词what引导的宾语从句。类似的用法还有：,(Line1,Para.3),PassageAWhenIgrowup,Ca
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