2019-2020年九年级英语形容词 副词的基本用法及辨析.doc

2019-2020年九年级英语形容词 副词的基本用法及辨析一. 本周教学内容 形容词、副词的基本用法及辨析二. 知识归纳与总结A. 形容词（一）形容词的作用与位置形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。1. 作表语与系动词 be，grow，get，bee，feel，appear，prove，seem，look，keep. smell，taste，sound，turn，remain等连用eg. The desk is clean.The weather is getting warmer and warmer. 2. 用作宾语补足语 eg. The news made every one happyI think the text very interesting.注意：与定冠词一起表示某一类人或物，在句中可作主语，宾语。eg. The rich and the poor live very different lives.（主语）3. 作定语修饰名词。一般放在所修饰的名词之前，如果两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，与被修饰名词关系密切的形容词靠近名词；如果几个形容词的重要性差不多，音节少的形容词在前，音节多的放在后。eg. a powerful socialist country a small but beautiful room（音节多的在后）在不能确定时，可参照下表：限定词+数量词（序数词在前，基数词在后）+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词eg. a small round table a tall gray buildinga dirty old brown shirt a famous German medical schoolan expensive Japanese sports car an interesting English film 4. 作状语，表示伴随状况、原因、结果等。eg. He went to bed, cold and hungry.Afraid of troubles，he would not accept the duty.（二）常考知识点,语言点1. 下列情况下形容词作定语要后置：（1）形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定式代词时，须放在其后。eg. Its nothing serious. 没有什么严重的。Do you have anything important to tell us? 你有重要的事情告诉我们吗？（2）表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。eg.The Great Wall is over six thousand kilometres long. 长城有六千多千米长。（3）else只能作后置定语，修饰疑问代词what、who、whom、whose和不定代词something、anything、nothing、somebody、anybody、nobody等。eg. Did anyone else e with James? 有别的人和詹姆斯一起来吗？（4）形容词短语作定语，必须放在被修饰的名词之后。eg. All the villagers, old and young, turned out to wele the visitors. 所有村民，年老的和年轻的，全部出来欢迎参观者。2. 只能作表语的形容词：（1）某些表示健康状况的形容词只能作表语，不能用作定语，如 well，ill, faint等当 ill作定语修饰名词时，其含义相当干 bad；但sick一词既可作表语,又可作定语，表示“生病” eg. The woman is sick. the sick woman.（2）某些以 a-开头的形容词等只能作表语，不能作定语。eg. afraid，alike，alone，asleep，awake，alive3. 某些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词：eg. friendly，lively，lovely，lonely，likely，silly等。4. 只能作定语的形容词：eg. little ,only, wooden, woolen, elder等以及复合形容词English-speaking, glass-stopped,kind-hearted, man-made, take-away等也只能作定语。eg. He is a little boy. 但不可说Thy boy is little.Father Christmas is a kind-hearted man. 圣诞老人是一个心地善良的人。5. plenty of，a lot of一般不用于疑问句和否定句中B. 副词（一）副词的分类副词修饰动词、形容词、其他副词、全句或名词短语及介词。副词一般可分为以下几类： 1. 时间副词，例如：now，usually，often，always等。2. 地点副词，例如：here，there，out，everywhere等。3. 方式副词，例如：hard，well，fast，slowly等。4. 程度副词，例如：very，much，still，almost等。5. 疑问副词，例如：how，When，why，where等。6. 关系副词，例如：when，where，why等。7. 连接副词，例如：whether，why, when，how等。（二）副词的作用副词在句中作状语、表语、定语和宾语补足语。eg. I worked in Beijing almost for three years.（状语）Time is up.（表语）The building there looks verygrand.（定语）Let the dog out.（宾语补足语）（三）副词的位置1. 时间副词和地点副词的位置一般放在句尾。如果这两种副词同时出现在句中，则把地点副词放在时间副词前面，也可把时间副词放在句首。eg. They went boating in Zhongshan Park yesterday.Yesterday they went boating in Zhongshan Park.但表示不确定时间的副词通常放在行为动词之前，放在情态动词、助动词和 to be之后。这些副词有，always，seldom，often，never，rarely等。eg. We should always work hard.We are never late.He often es late.2. 程度副词一般放在被修饰词之前（enough例外）eg. He is very careful.You are old enough to do this.3. 方式副词修饰不及物动词时放在被修饰词之后，修饰及物动词时，放在被修饰的动词之前或宾词之后，如宾语较长，也可把副词放在动词与宾语之间。eg. He works hard.He speaks English very well.Mr. Wang wrote carefully some letters to his friends.4. 副词修饰名词时，一般放在该名词之后；修饰介词时（如 well，right，just， soon等），放在该介词前；副词修饰全句时，一般放在句首。 eg. The person there is looking for you.Theres the house，right in front of you.Truly he will go to Shanghai. （四）兼有两种形式的副词有些副词有两种形式，一个与形容词同形，一个以 ly结尾，但它们的含义是不同的。1. close与closelyclose意思是“近”；closely 意思是“仔细地”eg. He is sitting close to me.Watch him closely.2. late 与latelylate意思是“晚”； lately 意思是“最近”eg. You have e too late.What have you been doing lately? 3. deep与deeplydeep意思是“深”，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，“深深地”eg. He pushed the stick deep into the mud.Even father was deeply moved by the film.4. high与highlyhigh表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于mucheg. The plane was flying high.I think highly of your opinion.5. wide与widelywide表示空间宽度；widely意思是“广泛地”，“在许多地方”eg.He opened the door wide.English is widely used in the world.6. free与freelyfree的意思是“免费”；freely 的意思是“无限制地”eg. You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.You may speak freely; say what you like.7. hard 与hardlyhard努力地 hardly几乎不eg. He works hard.She hardly goes to school by bus.（五）几组副词用法辨析1. very与much表示“很”，“非常”。very用于修饰形容词或副词的原级；much用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级，修饰动词要用much或very much. eg. She said she was much better than before. 她说她比过去好多了。I like English very much. 我非常喜欢英语。2. so与such表示“如此”，“这么”，“那么”（1）so修饰形容词或副词，such修饰名词，但名词前可以有形容词定语。eg. I cant be here so early. 我不能这么早到这儿。Ive never seen such fine drawings. 我从未见过如此精美的图画。（2）so修饰的形容词后可以有一个单数可数名词，其结构是so + adj. + a / an + n.试比较：She is so good a girl. She is such a good girl（3）如果可数名词复数前有many, few或不可数名词前有much, little等表示数量多少的形容词时，用so而不用such。eg. Im afraid that hell forget it if he misses so many lessons. 我担心的是，如果他耽误这么多的课程他会忘掉的。Miss Zhao got so little money a month. 赵老师每月只领这么少的钱。（4）“so +助动词+主语”表示前面的陈述也适用于后者，意为“也一样”。eg. People in England eat a lot of potatoes.So do we.3. too, also与either表示“也（不）”。too和 also用于肯定句，too多用于口语，also多用于书面语，either用于否定句。eg. You like playing football. I like playing football, too. （I also like playing football.）You dont like playing football，and I dont like playing basketball either.注意：too有时也用于否定疑问句中，但表示肯定语气。eg. Cant you see Ive got teeth, too?4. ago与before，表示“在以前”ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”，before指在过去或将来的某时刻“以前”或泛指“以前”。eg. When did you have a meeting ? Three days ago.Mr. Smith said that John had told him all about his past three weeks before.5. sometime, sometimes与some timesometime表示将来或过去的“某个时候”；sometimes指“有时候”；some time则指“一段时间”。eg. New students will e to our school sometime next week. They call me Lily sometimes.6. already，yet与still表示“已经”等。（1）already表示某事已经发生；yet表示期待某事发生；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句。 eg. Hes already finished his work. He hasnt finished his work yet.Are you still learning French?（2）already和yet可用于疑问句，但含义不同。eg. Have you met Mr. Wang yet?（= up to this moment）你（到目前为止）见过王先生没有?（一般性问句）Have you already（= sooner than expected）met Mr. Wang?你（竟然）已经见到过王先生了吗?（表示出乎意料） （3）already有时用于疑问句，表示出乎意料，惊讶等。eg. Have you finished already?（我以为你没有做完，表示出乎意料）Well, have you forgotten already? Two weeks ago, it had a baby.【典型例题】1. How are your parents? They are very , thank you.A. good B. kind C. well D. happy 答案：C句意：你父母身体好吗？很好，谢谢。解析：由问句得知其询问的是身体如何，所以well作为身体状况不错时应视为形容词。2. The girl was afraid she threw her bag away.A. so, that B. too, to C. too, that D. enough, to 答案：A句意：小女孩如此害怕以至于扔下包跑掉了。解析： sothat为“如此怎样以至于如何”，而tooto的意思为“如何如何，以至于不能作某事“。但to的后面是动词原形，而不是从句。3. None of the students watched it .A. careful enough B. enough carefully C. carefully enough D. enough careful 答案：C句意：没有一个学生观察地够仔细。解析：首先应判定是选用用来修饰名词的形容词还是用来修饰动词的副词。这里是修饰watch这一动词，应选用副词。当enough用来修饰副词或形容词时应放于被修饰的形容词或副词之后。4. This egg smells , though it looks all right.A. good B. well C. bad D. badly 答案：C句意：这个鸡蛋看起来很好，但闻起来却是坏的。解析：smell为系动词，其后应加形容词，而不是副词。同样用法的词，还有sound，feel, seem、bee（变成）等等，如：Ice feels cold in winter.5. Miss Gao is a good English teacher. The students in her class _ English.A. are interested in B. are interesting inC. are interested at D. are interesting to 答案：A句意：高老师是个很优秀的英语老师，她们班的学生们都对英语很感兴趣。解析：过去分词常用来修饰人，而现在分词常用来修饰物，如：an interesting book， 实际上过去分词含有被动之意，如：interested 其含意是“被所吸引，感动”。而interesting 则为“使人感兴趣的”，如：an interesting man 一个有趣、风趣的人。6. Li Lei did very well in the English exam. Oh , yeah ! He is _ English. A. weak in B. angry with C. good at D. afraid of 答案：C句意：李雷在英语考试中考的很好。是的，他擅长英语。解析： be good at是习惯用语，意为“在方面做得好；擅长”；be weak in（在弱）；be angry with（生某人的气）；be afraid of（害怕；恐怕）均与题意不符。 7. The little girl was afraid of staying _ in the _ house.A. alone; alone B. alone; lonely C. lonely; lonely D. lonely; alone答案：B句意：那个小女孩害怕独自地呆在那间孤独的小屋里。解析：alone作副词，意为“独自地”，作状语；lonely作形容词，意为“孤独的；偏僻的”。 8. Tony is going camping with _ boys.A. little two other B. two little otherC. two other little D. little other two答案：C 句意：托尼要和另外两个小孩一起去宿营。解析：由“限定词数词描绘词（大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色）性质名词”的公式可知数词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只有C符合答案。9. _ do you write to your friend ? Once a week.A. How many B. How often C. How long D. How far答案：B句意：你多久给朋友写封信？ 每个星期一次。解析：根据答语“每周一次”可知问题问的是“多长时间一次”，即how often。how many意为“多少个”；how long意为“多久；多长时间”；how far意为“多远”，询问距离。10. You will be successful _ if you work hard. A. someday B. some day C. some days D. any day答案：B句意：如果你努力的话，总有一天会成功的。解析：词义辨析题。some day指将来“有一天”；one day可指过去的“有一天”，也可指将来的“某一天”。