2019-2020年高考英语优等生百日闯关系列 专题21 阅读填空.doc

2019-2020年高考英语优等生百日闯关系列 专题21 阅读填空方法与技巧题型特点1.文章的篇幅较短，词数多为280330，兼顾多种体裁，通常有记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文等，要求考生充分利用所给信息，回答文章提出的问题。通常文章难度不大，关键是考查考生高效处理信息的能力，还要求考生对文章有更深层次的理解。但是题目并不容易，很容易出错。2.考查对文章的结构的了解，把握住全篇的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。解题方法通过对高考中“七选五”型阅读理原题以及大量同类试题研究可知，此类试题虽然新颖，但是也有其特有的解题规律，主要注重解题的窍门和方法，成功闯关，选准答案的难度并不大。将此方法归结为“通读全文、详读段落、定位选项、通读复检、确定排除”五步解题法。以下就此方法进行分析，希望此方法能为同学们的解题提供助力。步骤一：通读全文，对文章进行快速浏览，寻找主题句，抓住文章结构及文章的写作内容。在阅读过程中，要注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章的首段及末段末句，因 为开门见山”与结尾总结的写作方式为常见的写作方式，首段的末句一般是是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义，如果它是文章的主题句，就可以使读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开，并对文章的写作主题有了整体的 了解。如果末句不是主题句，则需要继续寻找。这时，可以考虑文章的写作方式是否为结尾总结:式，如两者均可排除，则需在文章中其他段落寻找主题句，但要注意首段 与末段的提示作用。步骤二：详读段落，在短时间内，找出每段写作内容的关键词。明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落。各段落会根据整体文章写作主题展开，对文章主体进行的不同方面的描述。找出各个小段落中的关键词，明确其描述内容，为整体试题的解决做好铺垫。步骤三：定位选项，明确各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词语，根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中，填写时尤为注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。在定位选项时，要特别注意空格上下段的写作内容，以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的结构和意义。将所选项放入空白处，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。一篇文章作为一个整体，是有其写作的线索与思路的，在选项定位中，要尤其注意文章的写作线索，文章的写作思路的连贯使文章的每个段落、每个句子甚至每个短语均融为一体。如果带入选项后，发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾，应更换其它选项。步骤四：通读复检，将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。 在完成选项定位后，应通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整，语义是否连贯合理、各段落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，仔细甄别，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。步骤五：确定排除，研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。 在检查后，应再次查看所排除选项，进一步确定排除理由，以防造成易混选项误选。体验高考【xx北京卷】（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分。共 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。Evaluating Sources (来源) of health Information Making good choices about your own health requairs reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of healthy information. Resonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to fins relevant information, how to separate fact from opinions, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources. 71 Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determin whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study. 73 Watch for misleading language. Some studies will find that a behaviour “contributes to” or is “associated with” an oute; this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result. 73 Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it.Use your mon sense. Ifa report seems too good to be true, probably it is. Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements. 74 Evaluate “scientific” statements carefully, and be aware of quackery(江湖骗术). 75 Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration, but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about the health problems will serve you well throughout your life.A. Make choice that are right for you. B. The goal of an ad is to sell you something.C. Be sure to work through the critical questions. D. And examine the findings of the original research.E. Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.F. Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an authors point of view.G. The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from mon sources.【答案】【小题1】G【小题2】D【小题3】F【小题4】B【小题5】A【小题2】D考查上下文的语境理解及逻辑推理。根据关键词定位可知，本段的关键词是：original source。只有D选项一致。【小题3】F考查上下文的语境理解及逻辑推理。根据上文举例，如：contribute to，associated with可知，要注意解释的欺骗性。故选F。【小题4】B考查上下文的语境理解及逻辑推理。根据上文报道似乎很真实，就是为了诱导你买东西。故选B。【小题5】A考查上下文的语境理解及逻辑推理。最后总结做出适合你的选择，朋友和家人是主意的好的来源。考点：考查语境理解及逻辑推理【xx辽宁卷】 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Eyesight plays a very important role in our daily life. Every waking moment, the eyes are working to see the world around us. Over forty percent of Americans worry about losing eyesight, but its easy to include steps into our daily life to ensure healthy eyes. Here are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight: Schedule yearly exams. 36 Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check. The good news is that millions of children now can have yearly eye exams and following treatment, including eyeglasses. Protect against UV rays (紫外线). Long-term stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes. No matter what the season is, its extremely important to wear sunglasses. 37 Give your eyes a break. Two-thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using puters or other digital products. 38 Experts remend that people practice the 20/20/20 rule: every 20 minutes, take a 20-second break and look at something 20 feet away. 39 As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day. Vitamins (维生素) C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health. Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses (隐形眼镜). Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight. While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses, many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk. 40 Otherwise, you may have problems such as red eyes, pain in the eyes, or a more serious condition.A. Eat your greens.B. Eye care should begin early in life.C. They can properly protect your eyes.D. Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins.E. Parents usually dont care about their own eyesight.F. Always follow the doctors advice for appropriate wear.G. This frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness.【答案】【小题1】B【小题2】C【小题3】G【小题4】A【小题5】F【解析】试题分析：拥有健康的视力是每个人关心的事情，这篇文章介绍了五个建议可以让我们终身享有健康的视力。【小题1】考查句意理解和上下文串联。根据下文的句子：Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check.医生建议父母到6到12个月大的孩子去医院做视力检查，可知：保护视力应该很早就开始，所以答案是B。【小题2】考查句意理解和上下文串联。根据上文的句子：No matter what the season is, its extremely important to wear sunglasses.不管什么季节，戴太阳镜都是非常重要的，可知：它们可以适当的保护你的眼睛，所以答案是C。【小题3】考查句意理解和上下文串联。根据上文的句子：Two-thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using puters or other digital products.三分之二的美国人每天花7个小时使用电脑和其他数字产品，可知：这个频繁的视力活动会增加眼睛疲劳的危险，所以答案是G。考点：考查信息匹配-健康类短文【xx全国新课标I】（共3小题，每小题3分，满分15分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 The jobs of the future have not been invented,36By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.1. CuriosityYour children need to be deeplycurious.37Ask kids, “What ingredients(配料)can we add to make these pancakes even better next time” and then try them out. Did those ingredients make the pancakes better? What could we try next time?2. Creativity True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it.38There are a dozen different things you can do with them. Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their Creativity.3. Interpersonal Skills Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids. We know what is goingoninsideourown head, but what about others? Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions.39“Why do you think she is crying?” “Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face?” “If someone were to do that to you, how would you feel?”4. Self Expression 40There are many ways to express thoughts and ideasmusic, acting, drawing, building, photography. You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.A. Encourage kids to cook with you.B. And we cant forget science education.C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.D. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that dont yet exist?E. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.F. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.G. Being able to municate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.【答案】【小题1】D【小题2】A【小题3】C【小题4】F【小题5】G【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇记叙文。如何帮助孩子发展他们的技能。一是培养孩子的好奇心。二是培养孩子的创造力。三是培养孩子的交际技能。四是要学会表达自己的思想和想法。【小题1】D考查上下文的语境理解。根据By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.可知这里叙述的是帮助他们发展最优秀的技能。所以上句应该怎样帮助为了他们未来的工作而做好准备。发展孩子【小题2】A 考查上下文的语境理解。根据What ingredients(配料)can we add to make these pancakes even better next time” and then try them out.可知下文叙述的是做煎饼时添加什么配料会更好。所以上句应该鼓励孩子和你做饭，故选A。【小题3】C 考查上下文的语境理解。根据True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it可知上文叙述的是培养孩子的创造力，给他们一些材料，然后从这些材料中创造出新的东西。所以下文应该是我们给孩子提供机会用新的方式来使用这些材料。选项C符合语境，故选C。考点：信息匹配。xx新课标全国卷 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Tips for cooking on a tight schedule From my experience, there are three main reasons why people dont cook more often: ability, money, and time. _36_ Money is a topic Ill save for another day. So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule：1. Think ahead. The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when Im already hungry and theres nothing ready to eat. So think ahead of the ing week. When will you have time to cook? Do you have the right materials already? _37_2. Make your time worth it. When you do find time to cook a meal, make the most of it and save yourself time later on. Are you making one loaf of bread? _38_ It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something. So save yourself the effort for a future meal.3. _39_ This may surprise you, but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation. It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule. The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.Hopefully that gives you a good start. _40_ And dont let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!A. Try new things.B. Ability is easily improved.C. Make three or four instead.D. Understand your food better.E. Cooking is a burden for many people.F. Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burdenG. A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.【要点综述】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何在忙碌的生活中享受烹调的乐趣的几条具体的建议，如提前做好规划，一次多做点，尝试一些新鲜的做法等。36. B根据第一句中的ability, money and time可知人们不经常做饭有三个原因。下文的“Money is a topic Ill save for another day.”和“about how to make the most of the time”谈及money和time，故本句谈的是ability的话题。故B符合上下文语境。37. G根据本段内容可知作者建议提前思考，做好准备，再根据上文 “So think ahead of the ing week.”以及下面的问题可知我们要提前做好计划，准备好材料，这样可以节省很多时间和精力。故G项符合上下文语境。39. A根据本段中的“It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule.”可知它给了“我们”新的想法，新的菜谱。故作者在本段里建议我们要尝试新鲜事物。故A正确。40. F作者建议我们在忙碌的生活里找到做饭的时间，因为做饭可以给我们带来很多的快乐。根据下文“dont let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live！”可知，本句是指要让做饭成为生活中快乐的事情而不是负担。故F项符合上下文语境。模拟新题精选1.【甘肃省天水市秦安县xx年高三第一次模拟考试】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Housework not good exercise, says study 16 It even said that people who did the most housework were usually the most overweight. 17 The contribution of domestic physical activity to meeting current remendations for health. It questions whether activities like do-it-yourself, gardening and housework are good exercise. 18 but there is a danger that people incorrectly think housework is proper exercise. A total of 4,563 adults took a survey about their weekly physical activity. 19 Researcher Professor Murphy said any physical activity should increase the amount of calories burnt. 20 She said housework was “inversely related to leanness”. She said this suggested that either people overestimate how hard housework was an exercise, or they eat too much because they think they have lost lots of calories doing household chores.However, her study found the opposite.People who do housework usually eat more.A new study says housework is not the quality exercise many people think it is.The research showed that people who included housework as exercise tended to be heavier. The study is called Does “doing housework keep you healthy” ?They think doing exercise is of great benefit to healthy.It says any activity is better than none.【答案】16.【小题1】C17.【小题2】E18.【小题3】G19.【小题4】D20.【小题5】A【解析】试题分析：一项新的研究说很多人认为做家务不是质量高的锻炼。它甚至说做最多家务的人通常最超重。这项研究被称为“做家务让你健康吗？16.【小题1】C根据下句：它甚至说做最多家务的人通常最超重。可上句是：一项新的研究说很多人认为做家务不是质量高的锻炼。故选C。17.【小题2】E根据前两句：一项新的研究说很多人认为做家务不是质量高的锻炼。它甚至说做最多家务的人通常最超重。因此可知下一句要说的是：这项研究被称为“做家务让你健康吗？”故选E。18.【小题3】G根据上句：这问题活动是否喜欢自己动手,园艺和做家务是很好的锻炼。19.【小题4】D根据上句：总共4563成年人关于他们的周末体育活动进行了一个调查。可知下句为：研究表明包括做家务当作锻炼的人往往更重。故选D。20.【小题5】A根据上句：任何体育活动都会增加热量的燃烧。空格后一句：她说做家务正好与瘦是相反相反地。可知空格处填：然而，她的研究正相反。故选A。考点：考查信息匹配2.【xx年云南省第一次高中毕业生复习统一检测】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。If I could give everyone one piece of advice about the college application process, it would be this: 16 Be different from the beginning. Dont wait until the summer after junior year, or worse, the fall of senior year to begin this process. 17 You might be seeing the stress in seniors who are frantically (疯狂地) visiting colleges, writing essays, and pleting applications. 18 Do some research and think beyond the usual suspects (备选) before you find the most suitable choice. Colleges pare students from the same high school with the same measuring stick since they read all the applications together. If your coursework and test scores dont look good enough, it will be more challenging to be accepted. However, your leadership or special talents may be more impressive if you are one of only a few students applying to a certain college.Be different in the activities you choose and follow your interests, not your friends. 19 It could be tutoring, the environment, dancing, writing, or starting a business, but take part for the right reasons. Your activities should be meaningful and tell a story about who you are.Be different in what you write about in your essay to stand out. It is the one tool that gives you total control, so use it wisely. Write what you want them to know about you, not what you think they want to read. Brainstorming your essay topic is a self-reflection process. 20 Find something unique.A. Try to develop your talents.B. Be different in preparing your college list.C. Stay away from topics that everyone writes about.D. Dare to be different.E. Imagine what people are usually interested in.F. Starting early will relieve much stress.G. Find something that matters to you or something you care about.【答案】16.【小题1】D17.【小题2】F18.【小题3】B19.【小题4】G20.【小题5】C【解析】试题分析: 文章主要给出了一些关于如何申请大学的意见，那就是：与众不同。16.【小题1】D考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据下文每一段的开头Be different from the beginning. 、Be different in the activities、 Be different in what you write about可知，这里就是总得给出了自己的意见，那就是要与众不同。故选择D。17.【小题2】F考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据上文Dont wait until the summer after junior year 以及下文You might be seeing the stress in seniors who are frantically (疯狂地) visiting colleges,可知，选择F，意为早点开始可以使你缓解压力。20.【小题5】C考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据下文的Find something unique.可知，选择C，意为不要写每个人都会写的东西，这样才能独特。考点：考查信息匹配3. 【xx届山东师大附中第七次模拟】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Parents with young ones need to be careful of the Internet activities of their children. 36 But they might not have considered how theyre going to ensure (确保) kids safety online. Here are a number of tips to help protect kids safety online. 37 A good understanding of technologies such as QQ, e-mail, text messaging, forums (论坛), chat rooms, and social networking sites will all be important for ensuring kids safety online. 38 For example, in the beginning you may insist that the Internet only be used while the child is acpanied (陪伴) a parent. This would be useful for guiding your children through their “first-time” experiences on the web and making sure that they develop good online habits.Keep the puter in a central place to ensure that your kids online behavior is being watched. You dont need to stand over them, but just knowing that you are there will make them less likely to search the web for negative information. 39 It will be difficult to keep a close watch on what your children are doing online at all times. 40 This will help ensure kids safety online. Your Internet security software should include secret passwords, website history, and some methods of taking screen pictures at regular times. It would also be useful to let software be able to watch your childs behavior on social networking sites.A. Create a list of acceptable puter behavior.B. So its suitable to set up an Internet control software program.C. Use your puter safely when you connect it to the Internet.D. Improve your puter skills if you are not familiar with the Internet.E. Many parents have children just old enough to start surfing the Internet.F. This will help protect your kids from negative online information.G. The Internet also makes it easier to search and apply for jobs and business chances.【答案】 36【小题1】E37【小题2】D38【小题3】A39【小题4】F40【小题5】B【解析】 试题分析:本文旨在告诉家长如何保证自家孩子的上网安全36【小题1】E根据横线后的：But they might not have considered how theyre going to ensure (确保) kids safety online.（但是他们可能没有考虑他们如何确保孩子们的上网安全）可以推断横线上可填：家长们有年龄足够大可以开始上网的孩子们，故选E37【小题2】D根据横线后的：A good understanding of technologies such as QQ, e-mail, text messaging, forums (论坛), chat rooms, and social networking sites will all be important for ensuring kids safety online.（对于像QQ，电子邮件，手机短信，论坛，聊天室和社交网站这样科技进行好的了解对确保孩子安全上网是很重的）可知作者在提醒家长首先要自己了解和提高电脑技能才能确保孩子的上网安全，故选D38【小题3】A根据横线后的句子：For example, in the beginning you may insist that the Internet only be used while the child is acpanied (陪伴) a parent. This would be useful for guiding your children through their “first-time” experiences on the web and making sure that they develop good online habits.可知作者让家长在最开始的时候坚持孩子在上网的时候必须由他们陪伴，这样来确保孩子养成一个好的上网习惯。可知横线上应该填：创造一个可接受的电脑行为清单。故选A39【小题4】F根据前文：but just knowing that you are there will make them less likely to search the web for negative information.（家长们要确定孩子们不可能在用网络浏览不良信息）可知家长们需要把电脑放在中心位置是为了时刻确保孩子没有浏览不良信息，从而保护孩子，故选F40【小题5】B 根据后文：Your Internet security software should include secret passwords, website history, and some methods of taking screen pictures at regular times.可知由于家长们很难一直都盯着孩子上网做些什么，所以为了保护孩子们的上网安全，就可以给电脑装上网络安全软件，故选B 考点：考查信息匹配4.【xx银川一中第二次模拟】 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Happiness is the only true measure of personal success. Making other people happy is the highest expression of success. 36 . With that in mind, here are some suggestions that will immediately increase the amount of happiness in your life: 37 .If theres any big truth about life, its that it usually lives up to your expectations. Therefore, when you rise from bed, make your first thought: “Something wonderful is going to happen today.” Guess what? Youre probably right.Take time to plan and prioritize(优先处理) The most mon source of stress is the thought that youve got too much work to do. Rather than worry about it, pick one thing that will move you closer to your highest goal and purpose in life. Then do that firstEat high quality food slowly 38 . Even so, at least once a day try to eat something really delicious, like a small chunk of fine cheese or an imported chocolate. Taste it, focus on it and enjoy it.Let go of your results The big enemy of happiness is worry, which es from focusing on events that are outside your control. Onc