2019-2020年高考英语优等生百日闯关系列 专题02 1Unit3-Unit5高频词汇分类解读.doc

2019-2020年高考英语优等生百日闯关系列 专题02 1Unit3-Unit5高频词汇分类解读根据中等生基础知识不牢固的特点，将基础知识以2-3个单元为一讲，突出常考单词的背诵和用法区别。由于单选题退出大部分省份的英语试卷，所以这部分重点强调学练结合。集中识记常考的完形填空词汇；常考的阅读中出现的词汇；常考的书面表达中的句型。完形词汇重在词语的详细意思和词汇辨析；阅读词汇重在记住词义即可，但数量要大；书面表达句型重在在句子中背诵，力争背过的句子在话题中有高频的出现几率。这样可以大面积、迅速地提高成绩。聚焦少而精的知识，直接对接高考。练习重在做到有的放矢，基础练习以单词拼写、单词填空或短文填空为主。能力提升一定要由浅入深，让他们有成就感，迅速进入状态。句型复习采用翻译句子+背诵范文的方法。必修1 Unit3Unit5词汇基础知识狂背：I.常考的完形填空词汇及短语：（注意它们在完形中出现的几率极高，完形30分志在必得，现在开始狂背。）（1）词汇1transport n. & vt. 运送；运输transport sb./sth. to.把运到means of transport交通工具public transport公共交通(1) You will be transported to the resort by coach.游览车将把你们送到度假胜地。(2)The goods were transported by plane.货物用飞机运送。2prefer vt. 更喜欢preference n. 偏爱prefer sth. 更喜欢某事物prefer to do /doing sth. 更喜欢做某事prefer (doing) sth. to (doing) sth.prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.宁愿做而不做/相比更喜欢做prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事prefer that sb. (should) do sth.(1)I prefer to walk(walking) there.我宁愿步行去那儿。(2)He said he preferred the country to the city.他说城市和乡村相比，他更喜欢乡村。(3)She prefers dancing to singing.跳舞和唱歌相比，她更喜欢跳舞。 (4)The soldier preferred to die rather than give in.这位战士宁死不屈。(5)Id prefer you not to go there alone.我倒希望你不要单独去那儿。(6)We prefer that they (should) do it in a different way.我们倒希望他们用一种不同的方法去做。 提示：1.prefer 是“更喜欢”的意思，即 like better, 因此 prefer 不能再与 better, more 等比较级词语连用。2prefer 的过去式、过去分词、现在分词要双写字母r，然后加ed或ing。3persuade vt. 劝说；说服persuasion n. 说服；信服；信念persuasive adj. 有说服力的；令人信服的persuade sb. to do sth.persuade sb. into doing sth.说服某人做某事persuade sb. not to do sth.persuade sb. out of doing sth.说服某人不做某事 try to persuade sb. to do sth.advise sb. to do sth.尽力劝说某人做某事(但未必劝服)persuade sb. of sth. 使某人相信persuade sb.that 从句使某人相信(1)I have never persuaded him into taking others advice.我从没说服过他听从别人的劝告。(2)She tried to persuade him to change his mind.她试图劝他改变主意。(3)How can I persuade you of my sincerity?How can I persuade you that I am sincere?我怎样才能使你相信我的诚意呢？比较：persuade/advise(1)advise 表示“劝告”的动作，不看结果，而 persuade 强调“已经说服”； advise 可接动词的ing 形式做宾语，也可接 that 引导的宾语从句(必须用虚拟语气 “should动词原形”)，而 persuade 不能。(2)persuade 还有“使人相信”的意思，搭配 persuade sb. of sth. 和 that 从句，而 advise 无此用法。4determine vt.&vi. 决定；确定；(使)下定决心determined adj. 坚决的；有决心的determination n. 决心determinen./pron. 决(确)定某事determine on/upon. 决定determine to do sth. 决定做某事(表示动作，非延续性动词短语)be determined to do sth. 决心做某事(表示状态，可与表示时间段的状语连用)determine sb. to do sth. 使某人下决心做某事determine that/be determined that. 决心/定做某事(1)Ine determines ones standard of living.收入决定一个人的生活水平。(2)I have determined on/upon going to the countryside after graduation. 我已决定毕业后到农村去。(3)He firmly determined to rise in the world whatever it took.他下定决心无论如何都要出人头地。(4)She determined that she would never see him again.她下决心再也不要见到他。(5)We are determined to catch up with them in a month.我们下定决心一个月内赶上他们。(6)The teachers encouraging words determined him to work hard. 老师鼓舞的话使他决心努力学习。 5attitude n. 态度；看法(1)Whats your attitude to the plan?你对此计划看法如何？(2)Its not his work that bothers me; its his attitude.困扰我的不是他的工作，而是他的态度。提示：attitude “态度；看法”，常与介词 to/towards 连用。have a.attitude to/towards. “对有的态度”。1burst vi. (burst, burst) 爆裂；爆发n. 突然破裂；爆发burst out 迸发；突然发作；突然起来burst into 闯入；突然出现；突然起来；突然发作burst into tears/songs/laughter/angry speech突然哭/唱/笑/吵起来burst out crying/singing/laughing突然哭起来/唱起来/笑起来burst in 闯入burst with anger/grief/joy 勃然大怒/心痛欲绝/乐不可支be bursting to do 渴望，急着要做(某事)at a(one) burst 一阵；一口气；一举；一下a burst of anger 怒火的迸发(1)She burst out crying for a while, and burst into laughter for another moment, which made us at a loss.她一会儿突然哭起来，一会儿又突然笑起来，这使我们一头雾水。(2)We all thought his heart would burst with happiness.我们都认为他心中的快乐快要爆发出来了。(3)The police burst in and arrested the gang.警察突然闯进来逮捕了那帮人。 (4)Tom is bursting to see his mother.汤姆急着要见他的妈妈。(5)There was a burst of laughter in the next room.隔壁房间里突然爆发出一阵笑声。2ruin n. U毁坏；毁灭，崩溃C(pl.) 废墟，遗迹v. (使)破产，(使)堕落，毁灭in ruins 成为废墟；破败不堪be the ruin of 成为毁灭(堕落)的原因e/fall to ruin 毁灭，灭亡；崩溃；破坏掉bring sb. to ruin 使某人失败；使倾家荡产bring ruin upon oneself 自取灭亡ruin oneself 自取灭亡ruin ones health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/名誉(1)Drink was his fathers ruin and it will be the ruin of him too.酗酒是他父亲失败的原因，他也将遭同样的厄运。(2)Years of fighting have left the area in ruins.多年的战事已经使得这个地区满目疮痍。(3)A large number of churches fell to ruin after the revolution. 革命过后，许多教堂都毁了。(4)The heavy rain ruined our holiday.大雨把我们的假期彻底搞糟了。 (5)If you go on like this, youll ruin yourself.如果你继续这样下去，你会自己毁了自己。3injure vt. 损害，伤害injury n. 伤，伤口；伤害injured adj. 受伤的，受委屈的do an injury to sb.伤害某人the injured伤员an injured look/expression委屈的样子/表情injured pride/feelings受到伤害的自尊/情感(1)The boy injured his leg.这个男孩把腿弄伤了。(2)Your remark may injure her pride.你的话也许会伤她的自尊。(3)I didnt mean to do her an injury.我并未打算伤害她。4shock n. U；C打击；震惊；震动；休克vt. 使震惊，使惊愕be shocked at/by (doing) sth. 被震惊be shocked to do sth. 惧怕做某事It shocked sb. to see/hear.看见/听到使某人震惊。(be) a shock to sb. 对某人来说是个打击(1)The news of his wifes death was a terrible shock to him.他妻子去世的消息对他打击太大了。(2)He was shocked at her smoking.看到她在吸烟，他很吃惊。(3)It shocked me to see how my neighbours treated their children.看到邻居们如何对待孩子，我感到震惊。提示：shocked adj. 感到惊奇的，惊讶的(主语多为人)shocking adj. 令人气愤的，令人惊讶的(主语多为物)5bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏bury oneself in study 埋头研究bury oneself in (doing) sth. 专心致力于(做)某事be buried in thoughts 沉思bury ones face in ones hands 双手掩面be buried alive 被活埋；隐居即学即练5(1)He was sitting with his head buried in a book.他坐着埋头看书。(2)He walked slowly, his hands buried in his pockets.他走得很慢，两手插在衣袋里。(3)After the divorce, she buried herself in her work.离婚后，她埋头于工作。提示：表示“专心于，致力于”意义的短语还有：be devoted to, be addicted to, be absorbed in等。6judge v. 断定；判断；判决n. 裁判员；法官；评判员judgement n. 判断，审判，意见，判断力judging by/from 从上看，根据判断judge sb./sth. from/by. 从来判断judge between right and wrong 判断是非as far as I can judge 据我判断，我认为in ones judgement 依某人看来，按某人的看法(1)Dont judge a book by its cover. 勿以貌取人。(2) Judging from/by his accent, he must be a southerner.根据他的口音判断，他一定是个南方人。(3)He was judged to be the best actor of this year.他被评为今年的最佳男演员。1quality n. 质量；品质；性质，特征quantity n. 数量be of good/bad quality 好/坏的品质be of high/poor quality 优/劣质extra fine quality 特等firstrate quality 一等(1)He has a watch of good quality.他有只质量好的手表。(2)One quality of wood is that it can burn.木材的一个特性是可以燃烧。(3)Its cheaper to buy goods in large quantities.购物的量大就便宜一些。2devote vt. (与 to 连用)献身；专心于devoted adj. 热爱的；忠诚的devoteoneselftime ones life moneyenergytosth.把用在，doing sth. 把献给sb. be devoted to 专心致志于；忠于；很喜欢a devoted friend 一位忠实的朋友 即学即练2(1)She devoted her lifetime to helping homeless children.她把一生用来帮助无家可归的孩子。(2)His whole life has been devoted to studying the origin of cancer.他的一生都献给了对癌症起因的研究。(3)After he graduated, he continued to devote himself to research.毕业之后他继续致力于研究工作。3vote vt. & vi.投票，选举 n投票；选票；表决vote for投票赞成vote against投票反对vote on投票表决vote.down投票击败，投票否决vote through投票通过put.to the vote付诸表决，裁决 即学即练3(1)Did you vote for or against her？你投了她的赞成票还是反对票？(2)He was voted the most promising new director.他当选为最有前途的新导演。(3)The plan was passed by 6 votes to 3.这项计划以6票对3票获得通过。提示：vote for表示“投票赞同”； vote against表示“投票反对”，类似结构还有“be for/against; fight for/against”。4equal vt. 等于；抵得上adj. 相等的；胜任的n. 同等/相等的人或物equality n. 平等A equals B in.A在方面比得上Bbe equal ton./doing sth. 等于；与相等；有的能力(勇气、力量等)；胜任，能干be without equal/have no equal 无与伦比 即学即练4(1)He equals me in strength but not in intelligence.他和我力气相当，但智力不同。(2)Are men equal to women in physical strength？在体力上男人和女人相同吗？(3)She did not feel equal to receiving visitors.她觉得自己不适合接待来客。(4)Yao Ming is a basketball player without equal in China.在中国，姚明是个无与伦比的篮球运动员。5escape vi. 逃脱；逃走vt. 避免；免除n逃跑；逸出；出口escape from 从逃脱，逃走escapen./doing sth. 避免(做)某事a narrow/near escape死里逃生fire escape太平梯，安全梯；安全出口 即学即练5(1)The bird has escaped from its cage.小鸟已从笼中逃掉了。(2)Is the gas escaping somewhere?是不是有地方漏气？(3)How can we escape observation/ being observed？我们怎样才不会被人发现？(4)His name escapes me for the moment.我一时想不起他的名字来。6reward n. 报酬；奖金；vt. 酬劳，奖赏rewarding adj. 报答的，有益的，值得的as a reward for 作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏in reward of 为酬谢；作为奖励reward sb. for sth./doing sth. 为(做)某事而报答某人reward sb. with sth. 用某物奖赏某人(1)Its a reward for virtue.那是对美德的回报。(2)I dont expect anything in reward； I did it because I enjoyed it.我不指望得到什么报答，我做这件事只是因为我喜欢干。(3)They rewarded the boy with 5 for bringing back the lost dog.他们给了那个男孩五英镑，酬谢他把走失的狗送回来。（2）短语1care about 关心，在乎care about 关心，在乎，在意(多用于疑问或否定句)care for 喜欢或喜好某人/物(多用于否定或疑问句)；照顾；照看take care of (look after) 照顾take care 当心；小心with care 小心地medical care 医疗服务He doesnt care much about what happens to me.他不太关心我所发生的事。2change ones mind 改变主意make up ones mind 下定决心call/bring sth. to mind 回忆起某事lose ones mind 发疯have a/no mind to do sth. 有/无意做某事fix/keep ones mind upon/on . 把注意力放在bear/keep. in mind 记住have.on ones mind 为某人操心/焦虑have.in mind 打算；考虑Since getting to know him better, Ive changed my mind about him.更深入地了解了他以后，我改变了对他的看法。提示：在 change ones mind及 make up ones mind 短语中 mind 均为可数名词，有单复数形式变化。3give in 屈服；投降；让步；上交give in to sb. 对某人让步give away 赠送；泄漏；出卖give back 归还give off 放出；散发出(液体、气体、气味、热量、能量、光、声音)give out 分发；用完；消耗尽，筋疲力尽give up 放弃，戒掉；停止；认输；把送交give over 移交give way to 给让路；屈服；被征服He has given in to our views finally.他最终顺从了我们的意见。提示：give in作“上交”讲时，是及物动词短语，代词做宾语时，要放在 give和 in之间，如：give them in；作“让步；投降”讲时，是不及物动词短语，后面接介词 to，如： give in to sb./sth.。4right away立刻，马上(1)表示“立刻，马上”的短语without delay/right now/immediately/at once/in no time/right off(2)比较right away/right nowright away“立刻，马上”，相当于at once, in no time。right now“立即，马上；此时此刻”，后一意义比now的语气强，相当于at this very moment。I want it to be sent right away.马上把它发出去。5at an end 终止；结束bring.to an end (使)结束，终止e to an end 结束，终止at the end of 在尽头(末)by the end of 到末为止(常与完成时态连用)in the end 最后，终于(后不加 of短语)on end 一连，连续to the end 到底without end 没完没了make ends meet 收支相抵The year is at an end.这一年已到年终了。6a (great) number of 许多；大量的a large/great/good number ofa great/good manya good fewquite a few可数名词复数many a more than one单数可数名词单数谓语动词a great/good deal ofa great/large amount ofquite a little不可数名词a lot/lots ofa great/large quantity oflarge quantities ofplenty of可数名词复数或不可数名词There are a great number of books in the shelves.提示：(1)a number of是“许多，大量”的意思，后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数。the number of 是“的数目”的意思，谓语动词用单数。(2)large quantities of (pl.)/U做主语，谓语动词用复数。large amounts ofU n做主语，谓语动词用复数。7out of work 失业out of business 破产；歇业out of control 失控out of repair 失修out of order 有毛病out of date 过时out of ones reach 够不着out of danger 脱险out of question 毫无疑问out of the question 不可能的out of patience 失去耐心out of temper 发脾气out of mind 心不在焉Out of sight,out of mind8in trouble 处在困难/麻烦中(表状态)get (sb.) into/out of trouble 使(某人)陷入/摆脱困境(表动作)ask/look for trouble 找麻烦make trouble 闹事；捣乱have trouble in doing sth. 做某事有麻烦take the trouble to do sth. 不辞辛苦地做某事put sb. to the trouble of doing sth.麻烦某人做某事My friends always help me out when I am in trouble(有麻烦时)9lose heart (be discouraged) 气馁；灰心；泄气lose ones heart to sth.(devote oneself to sth.) 把身心投入到lose ones heart to sb. (fall in love with sb.)喜欢It is said that the team lost the game simply because the team leader lost heart.据说这个队比赛输了就是因为队长丧失了信心。拓展：put ones heart into 把全部心思放在have sth. in ones heart 把放在心上have ones heart in sth. 对某事有兴趣set ones heart on/upon sth. 渴望/热衷于某事learn.by heart 记住；背诵take heart 振作精神，鼓起勇气10turn to求助于；致力于turn away拒绝，不准某人入内turn around转身turn down拒绝；调小turn in上交turn off关掉turn on打开turn out赶出；证明是，结果是turn over翻身，翻转turn up露面，出现；开大Nobody seems to understand. I dont know who to turn to.似乎没人懂这个，我不知道该向谁求助。11set up 设立；建立(1)They set up a notice on the wall.(2)They set up a mittee to investigate the matter.(3)Chinese athletes set up quite a few new world records in the 15th Asian Games.拓展：set about 开始做，着手set aside 使分离；留出；拔出；不理会set back 推迟，阻碍set down 记下；写下；规定set off 引起爆炸；动身出发；引起set out 动身出发；开始；陈述；陈列（3）易混易错点拨1. fare/fee/charge/cost/price/expense(1)fare 指交通费用。(2)fee 指给律师、医生等的费用或(考试)报名费，入会费等。(3)charge (可数或不可数)费用，索价；记账，赊账。(4)cost (可数或不可数)代价，价格，费用；(常复数)成本。(5)price 价格，价钱。(6)expense 支出，开支，费用；(常复数)经费，支出金额；(薪水外的)津贴。 应用1(1)He cant earn enough to cover his own living _.他挣的钱不够他自己的生活开销。(2)_ are going up.物价正在上涨。(3)After I gave the taxi _ to the driver, I went to the office to pay my lawyers _.付了出租车费后，我去事务所付了律师费。 (4)She built the house without regard to _.她盖这所房子根本不在乎花多少钱。(5)All goods are delivered free of _.一切物品免费送货。expenses Prices fare fees cost charge 2. finally/at last/ in the end(1)finally 常用来表示顺序，引出最后一项内容，一般不带有感情色彩。(2)at last 暗含“等候或耽误很长时间之后才”，带有浓厚的感情色彩，如不耐烦、不顺心、不如意等，而且语气很强烈。(3)in the end 表示经过许多变化、困难和捉摸不定的情况之后某事才发生，可以用来预示将来。 应用2(1)_！ Where the hell have you been?总算找到你了！你到底上哪儿去了？(2)After a long delay the performance _ started.演出拖延很久，最后总算开始了。(3)_ they reached a place of safety.最后他们到达安全地带。At last finally In the end3. view/scene/scenery/sight(1)view常指在远处或高处从某个角度看到的 scenery 的一部分，还有“观点，看法”的意思。(2)scene 普通名词，指“一眼可浏览的风景”，不限于自然景色，也可指“现场”“场景”。(3)scenery 集合名词，指某地方的“整个风景”，是由多个 scene构成的景色。(4)sight 风景，名胜。用复数形式指人文景观。 应用3(1)There were distressing(悲惨的)_when the earthquake struck the city.(2)On the top of the mountain youll get a good_of the city.(3)Switzerland is wellknown for its impressive mountainous_.(4)Look! What a beautiful_of the sunset!scenes view scenery或 sights sight4. ruin/destroy/damage(1)ruin n. & vt. 表示破坏严重，强调渐渐毁坏了，多指不属于人为因素毁坏某事物，而是自然现象或客观原因改变。有“(使)破产，(使)毁灭”等意思。(2)destroy vt. 指彻底毁坏，以致不能修复，常作“破坏，毁灭”解，还有“打破(希望、计划)”之意。(3)damage n&v. 表示使事物在价值、效用、外观等方面受到毁坏、损害，即部分受损，程度比 destroy 轻。 应用1(1)The car was only slightly _ in the accident.这辆车在事故中只受到轻微的损坏。(2)That will _ the reputation of our products.那会毁了我们产品的声誉。(3)The crops are nearly _ by the continuous rain.连续不断的雨水几乎毁坏了这些农作物。damaged destroy ruined5. injure/wound/hurt/harminjure 一般指由于意外或事故而造成伤害，也可以表示损害名誉、伤害感情等。wound 指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤，是出血的、严重的伤，特指战场上受伤。hurt 是一般用语，指肉体或精神上的伤害，常伴有强烈的疼痛感；还可表示“疼、痛”。harm 用于肉体或精神上的伤害均可。有时可指引起不安或不便。还可用于抽象事物，尤其是指不道德的事情。 应用2(1)The robber _ him with a knife.那强盗用刀刺伤了他。(2)These criticisms have _ his pride deeply.这些批评使他的自尊心深深地受到了伤害。(3)Two people have been badly _ in the accident.有两个人在这次事故中严重受伤了。(4)Dont _ your eyes by reading in dim light.不要在昏暗的灯光下看书，以免损伤眼睛。wounded hurt/injured injured harm6. reward/award/prize(1)reward 指对某人的服务或工作等的报答，也指因帮助警察抓住罪犯或帮助失主找到东西而得到的奖金、酬金。(2)award 指为鼓励在工作中达到或完成所提出的要求或条件的人而进行的奖励，往往强调荣誉而不在乎奖品的多少。(3)prize多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽奖中所赢得的“奖，奖品”。 应用1(1)She received a medal as a _ for her courage.她得到一枚奖章，作为对她勇敢的奖赏。(2)A _ was given to the person who had the winning number.奖品给了那个获得中奖号码的人。(3)He won the _ for the best student of the year.他获得本年度优秀学生奖。reward prize award II.常考的阅读理解词汇及短语：（它们在阅读中出现的几率极高，阅读40分志在必得，现在开始狂背哟。）Unit 3journal n. 日记；杂志；定期刊物transport n. 运送；运输vt. 运输；运送prefer vt. 更喜欢；选择某事物（而不选择其他事物）disadvantage n. 不利条件；不便之处fare n. 费用flow vi. 流动；流出n. 流动；流量ever since 从那以后persuade vt. 说服；劝说cycle vi. 骑自行车graduate vi. 毕业n. 大学毕业生finally adv. 最后；终于schedule n. 时间表；进度表vt. 为某事安排时间fond adj. 喜爱的；慈爱的；宠爱的 be fond of 喜爱；喜欢shorting n. 缺点stubborn adj. 顽固的；固执的organize vt. 组织；成立care about 关心；忧虑；惦念detail n. 细节；详情source n. 来源；水源determine vt. 决定；确定；下定决心 determined adj. 坚决的；有决心的change ones mind 改变主意journey n. 旅行；旅程altitude n. 海拔高度；高处make up ones mind 下决心；决定give in 投降；屈服；让步rapids n. 急流valley n. （山）谷；流域waterfall n. 瀑布pace vi. 缓慢而行；踱步n. 一步；速度；步调bend n. 弯；拐角 vt. (bent, bent) 使弯曲 vi. 弯身；弯腰meander n. （指河流等）蜿蜒缓慢流动delta n. 三角洲attitude n. 态度；看法boil vi. （指液体）沸腾；（水）开forecast n. & vt. 预测；预报parcel n. 小包；包裹insurance n. 保险wool n. 羊毛；毛织品as usual 照常reliable adj. 可信赖的；可靠的view n. 风景；视野；观点；见解vt. 观看；注视；考虑yak n. 牦牛pillow n. 枕头；枕垫midnight n. 午夜；子夜 at midnight 在午夜flame n. 火焰；光芒；热情beneath prep. 在下面temple n. 庙宇；寺庙cave n. 洞穴；地窖Unit 4earthquake n. 地震 quake n. 地震right away 立刻；马上well n. 井crack n. 裂缝；噼啪声 vt. & vi. （使）开裂；破裂smelly adj. 发臭的；有臭味的farmyard n. 农场；农家pipe n. 管；导管burst vi. (burst, burst) 爆裂；爆发 n. 突然破裂；爆发million n. 百万event n. 事件；大事as if 仿佛；好像at an end 结束；终结nation n. 民族；国家；国民canal n. 运河；水道steam n. 蒸汽；水汽dirt n. 污垢；泥土ruin n. 废墟；毁灭vt. 毁灭；使破产 in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪suffering n. 苦难；痛苦extreme adj. 极度的injure vt. 损害；伤害survivor n. 幸存者；生还者；残存物destroy vt. 破坏；毁坏；消灭brick n. 砖；砖块dam n. 水坝；堰堤track n. 轨道；足迹；痕迹useless adj. 无用的；无效的；无益的shock vt. & vi. （使）震惊；震动 n. 休克；打击；震惊rescue n. & vt. 援救；营救trap vt. 使陷入困境n. 陷阱；困境electricity n. 电；电流；电学disaster n. 灾难；灾祸dig out 掘出；发现bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏mine n. 矿；矿山；矿井 miner n. 矿工shelter n. 掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处a (great) number of 许多；大量的title n. 标题；头衔；资格reporter n. 记者bar n. 条；棒；条状物damage n. & vt. 损失；损害frighten vt. 使惊吓；吓唬 frightened adj. 受惊的；受恐吓的 frightening adj. 令人恐惧的congratulation n. 祝贺；（复数）贺词judge n. 裁判员；法官 vt. 断定；判断；判决sincerely adv. 真诚地；真挚地express vt. 表示；表达 n. 快车；速递outline n. 要点；大纲；轮廓headline n. 报刊的大字标题cyclist n. 骑自行车的人Unit 5quality n. 质量；品质；性质warm-hearted adj. 热心肠的mean adj. 吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的active adj. 积极的；活跃的generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的easy-going adj. 随和的 温和宽容的self n. 自我；自身 selfish adj. 自私的 selfless adj. 无私的；忘我的 selflessly adv. 无私地；忘我地devote vt. （与to连用）献身；专心于 devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的found vt. 建立；建设republic n. 共和国；共和政体principle n. 法则；原则；原理nationalism n. 民族主义； 国家主义livelihood n. 生计；谋生peaceful adj. 和平的；平静的；安宁的giant adj. 巨大的；庞大的leap n. 飞跃；跳跃mankind n. 人类lawyer n. 律师guidance n. 指导；领导legal adj. 法律的；依照法律的fee n. 费（会费、学费等）；酬金passbook n. 南非共和国有色人种的身份证out of work 失业hopeful adj. 怀有希望的；有希望的youth n. 青年；青年时期league 同盟；联盟；联合会 Youth League 青年团stage n. 舞台；阶段；时期vote vt. & vi. 投票；选举n. 投票；选票；表决attack vt. 进攻；攻击；抨击violence n. 暴力；暴行as a matter of fact 事实上blow up 使充气；爆炸equal adj. 相等的；平等的in trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中willing adj. 乐意的；自愿的unfair adj. 不公正的；不公平的turn to 求助于；致力于release vt. 释放；发行lose heart 丧失勇气或信心escape vi. 逃脱；逃走；泄露blanket n. 毛毯；毯子educate vt. 教育；训练 educated adj. 受过教育的；有教养的e to power 当权；上台beg vi. 请求；乞求relative n. 亲戚；亲属terror n. 恐怖；可怕的人； 恐怖时期；恐怖活动cruelty n. 残忍；残酷reward n. 报酬；奖金 vt. 酬劳；奖赏set up 设立;建立sentence vt. 判决；宣判 be sentenced to 被判处（徒刑）anti-前缀 反；抗；阻 anti-black adj. 反黑人的president n. 总统；会长；校长；行长opinion n. 意见；看法；主张III.重点句型背诵1.ever since “从那以后”，句子要与现在完成时或现在完成进行时连用，类似的时间状语还有 so far, up till now, by now, recently, lately, since last month, in/for the past 一段时间，since.ago等。He came to England three years ago and has lived here ever since.他三年前来到英国，从那以后便一直住在这里。I havent seen her since ten years ago.自十年前至今，我没见过她。We have pleted half of the work so far.到目前为止，我们完成了一半的工作。He hasnt written to me recently.他最近没给我写信。The couple have been working very hard for/in the past (last) ten years.在最近的十年里这对夫妇一直努力工作。2.It is/was/has been时间段since.自从已经多久了。It will be/was时间段before.再有多长时间才在 “It is/was时间段since.”句型中，若 since从句中的动词为延续性动词，句子意思要发生变化。It is three years since he joined the army. 他参军3年了。It is three years since he smoked.他戒烟3年了(不吸烟)。beadj.to do在“主语系动词形容词不定式”结构中，不定式与主语在意义上是动宾关系，但要用主动形式表被动意义；如果不定式的动词是不及物的，要在不定式后边加介词。用于这种句式中的形容词常为：easy,