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牛津高中英语,(模块五高二上学期),AdvancewithEnglish,GrammarTo-infinitive,Unit,1,Unit1,课件描述：,本课语法教学主要使学生掌握不定式的功能和用法。本课采用语法教学与单元话题紧密结合的方式，使学生在使用英语讨论朋友和友谊这一话题中，发现、归纳、掌握并适当操练不定式的用法。整堂课以上一课时阅读中的内容为线索，给语法教学创设真实的语境，并通过游戏、竞赛等活动，活跃课堂氛围，使学生快乐学习语法。,WhatcanwelearnaboutfriendshipfromAnniesletters?,1.Totalktoafriendopenlyandsincerelywhensomethingunpleasanthappensisveryimportantifwearetokeepthefriendship.2.Weshouldalwaysremindourselvestotrustourfriendswhateverhappens.,subject,predicative,objectcomplement,To-infinitive,StudythetwolettersonPage5,tryingtofindoutmoreTo-infinitivesinthelettersandtelltheirfunctionsinthesentences.,Youhaveeveryrighttofeelbetrayed(attribute)(2)shewantedtoembarrassyouinpublic(object)(3)Itseemsyouneedtoapologizequicklytoavoidlosingagoodfriend!(4),oneofyouhastobethefirsttoadmit(object)(attribute),(object),(adverbial),动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，其否定形式是nottodo。动词不定式可以单独使用或用作动词不定式短语的一个部分。不定式在句中可做主语、宾语、状语、表语、宾语补足语和定语等，但不能单独作谓语。,ThefunctionsofTo-infinitive,1.作主语,ToreadEnglisheverydayisnecessary.（不定式toreadEnglisheveryday做主语）动词不定式做主语时，为了句子平衡，通常用it做形式主语，而把不定式放在谓语之后。例如：ItisnecessarytoreadEnglisheveryday.Itisagoodideatogoforapicnictoday.,2.作宾语,Iwanttoseeafilm.（不定式toseeafilm做宾语）不定式做宾语时，若还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式放在补足语后，用it做形式宾语。例如：HefinditdifficulttolearnChinese.Wethinkitimportanttomasteraforeignlanguage.,3.作宾语补足语,HeinvitedmetogiveaspeechonChinesehistory.（不定式togiveaspeechonChinesehistory做宾语补足语，补充说明宾语me）,Ihavealettertopost.(不定式topost做定语，修饰名词letter)1)做定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面须有相应的介词。例如：Shehadonlyasmallroomtolivein.Ineedapentowritewith.,4.作定语,2)试比较：Doyouhaveanythingtowash?你有什么要洗吗？（不定式towash的动作执行者是you）Doyouhaveanythingtobewashed?你有什么要（别人）洗吗？（不定式towash的动作执行者是别人，而不是you）,5.作表语,Hiswishistobecomealawyer.(不定式tobecomealawyer在连系动词is后做表语),6.作状语表示目的。例如：Theyworkedharddayandnighttopaybackthedebt.表示结果。例如：Ihurriedtotheairportonlytofindtheplanehadtakenoff.表示原因。例如：Shefeltdisappointedtohearthenewsthatshehadntbeenpromoted.,Passthesentenceson,Thankstomyfriends,mylifeseemtobegettingeasierandmoreinteresting.,MatthewmaypretendtobemakingfriendswithPeter.,Personally,Ifeelhappytohavemadesomegoodfriends.,HeissaidtohaverecoveredfriendshipwithTom.,不定式还有进行形式(tobedoing)和完成形式(tohavedone)Theyseemtobereadinginthelibrary.(动词不定式tobereading表示动作read正在发生)Imsorrytohavesaidthat.（动词不定式tohavesaidthat表示动作say发生在过去，并且已完成),DifferentformsofTo-infinitive,Acompetition,LearntouseTo-infinitivetotalkaboutwhatyouhavelearnedaboutfriendsandfriendship.,Soweshouldtrusteachothertomakeourfriendshiplastlong.bareinfinitive,Brainstorming:Canyouthinkofotherwordsorphrasesafterwhichthebareinfinitiveisused?,(1)在feel,hear,listento等感官动词后，或在let,make,have等使役动词后的宾语补足语中，不定式不带to。但是这些句子变成被动结构时，就必须带to。例如：,Ioftenhearhimsingthesong.Shemademepromisetowriteeveryday.Heisoftenheardtosingthesong.Iwasmadetopromisetowriteeveryday.,Bareinfinitive,(2)wouldrather,hadbetter和whynot后面，不定式不带to。例如：,Iwouldratherstayathome.Whynotcomein?,(3)当两个动词不定式由and,or,than,ratherthan,as或like相连接时，通常第二个不定式要省略to。例如：,Doyouwanttogoskatingorseeafilm?Idecidedtowriteratherthanphone.,(4)不定式在介词but,except后时，若介词前有行为动词do的各种形式，介词后的不定式不带to。例如：,Hedidnothingbutpointtothedoor.,FinishtheThank-youletterfromSarahtoAnniebyfillingintheblanks.,Keys:(1)tothank(2)tosee(3)tothink(4)trust(5)lose(6)apologize(7)totalk(8)keep(9)togo(10)nottohate(11)toforgive(12)be(13)tobegetting(14)tohave(15)tohavegot(16)get,
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