2019-2020年高考英语写作最后冲刺 训练、点评和猜题 02（含解析）.doc

2019-2020年高考英语写作最后冲刺 训练、点评和猜题 02（含解析）阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。No doubt the planet is warming. Over the last century, the temperature has risen by around one degree Fahrenheit. Its reported that the global temperatures will rise by 3-10 degrees Fahrenheitenough to have the polar caps almost melted. If the ice caps melt, buildings, homes and even lives will be under water.While we know about global warming, what can we do to save the planet? The answer is simpler than supposed. You dont have to go miles away to protest, or spend much money. Here are several simple steps to begin with.Firstly, plant a tree. Trees , when fully grown, will keep the planet cooler.Secondly, reduce pollution. Sometimes as simple as walking instead of taking the car will reduce pollution. Besides stop pollution, you are giving yourself exercise. So whenever you get into your car, just ask yourself, “do I have to make this journey by vehicle?”When you get a little cold in winter, put a jumper on and dont adjust the heating. The extra heat produced by homes also affect the planet.Finally, reduce, reuse and recycle. Only buy what you need and reuse whatever you can, like containers and paper, and recycle what you cannot reuse.If everyone stuck to these rules, we would be doing a great thing by protecting the Earth. It is our next generation that will feel the effects.【写作内容】1.以约30个词概括这段短文的内容;2.然后以约120个词就“阻止全球变暖从我做起”进行议论，内容包括：(1)全球变暖危及人类生存；(2)阻止全球变暖要从小事做起；(3)你的做法。【写作要求】1.在作文中可以使用自己亲身的经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容但不得直接引用原文中的句子；2.标题自定。【评分标准】概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。【思路点拨】本篇任务型写作要求考生阅读一篇短文，然后完成两项任务：使用约30个词概括要点；使用约120个词写一篇符合要求的短文。这一题型旨在考查考生“用英语获取信息、处理信息、传达信息的能力，分析问题、解决问题的能力以及用英语进行表达的能力”，即“综合语言运用能力”。因此，本篇写作有下列重点需要考生认真思考，加以解决：1.概括短文内容：浏览全文，提炼第一段和第二段的内容以及后面的“Firstly, Secondly, Fianally”等就可以概括文章的主要内容。第一段概括起来是说：地球温度升高3-10华氏度(足以融化极地上的冰雪)，(使得)地球上的建筑、家园甚至人本身都要被覆盖于水下。第二段以及后面的几段概括起来就是：为了拯救地球，建议我们所要采取的简单易行的措施。2.如何围绕“阻止全球变暖从我做起”进行议论(题目有明确的要求)：(1)全球变暖危及人类生存(这本身就是个话题，要适当加以发挥)；(2)阻止全球变暖要从小事做起(这本身也是个话题，要适当加以发挥)；(3)我的做法(要围绕“从小事做起”， 根据上文所提及的植树、减少污染、循环利用等展开想像去举例)。【参考答案】According to the passage, if the global temperatures rise by 3-10 degrees Fahrenheit, it is possible for everything to be under water. To save the earth, some simple measures are mentioned for us to take.Now we have to recognize global warming as a real threat to mankind. We need to hold back global warming and prepare for its oute. Otherwise, the human civilization will be destroyed on one day, and the human race is at risk of being extinct. Everyone should start out small, adopting a responsible lifestyle, which can bring an important help to the protection of the earth. Its the only reasonable way to save the planet before it is too late.So something must be done to benefit our environment. Ill use a clothesline instead of a dryer to save energy when drying my clothes. Fresh foods are my favour instead of frozen ones, because frozen foods consume ten times more energy to produce.In a word, we should do our best to hold back global warming and protect the environment【范文评析】1.范文在概括短文内容时，没有直接引用原文中的句子，符合题目设定的要求。范文第一句话就交代了消息的来源“According to the passage (介词短语)”、将来要发生的事情“if the global temperatures rise by 3-10 degrees Fahrenheit, (条件状语从句)”以及什么后果“it is possible for everything to be under water.(经典句型：形式主语it +be+adj.+for sth.+动词不定式)”。第二句话：用“不定式”作目的状语加上一个简单句就把该文的第二个主要内容交代得清清楚楚；按照大部分考生的常规思路，我们也可以这样来概括短文内容：The passage tells us that the planet is warming and the global temperatures rise constantly recent years. And the authors gives us some measures to stop global warming.2.范文在展开议论部分用了三个独立的小段来分别阐述，给读者的层次感非常清楚。 (1)范文用一个简单句“Now we have to recognize global warming as a real threat to mankind.”开门见山，直击话题。接着展开了议论，使得话题有据可依。“hold back，Otherwise, at risk of being extinct”等词汇的运用为这段增色不少。(2)范文用一个简单句“Everyone should start out small, adopting a responsible lifestyle”引出话题，再用一个非限制性定语从句“which can bring an important help to the protection of the earth.”和一个复合句“Its the only reasonable way to save the planet before it is too late.”来进一步阐述。“start out，adopting，bring an important help to，before it is too late”等词汇和句型的使用使得文章亮点纷呈。(3)作者用“So”连词承上启下，顺理成章提出了“我的做法”，这些做法(节约能源)确实都是小事。“when drying my clothes”状语从句的省略句的使用，让读者眼前一亮。3.最后一段为全文画龙点睛，强化了文章的主题。缺少这一段文章的可读性就大大降低。练习二全球气候变暖是目前人类面临的最大的环境问题之一。请你根据以下提示写一篇英语短文，为“节能减排”献计献策。背景温室气体的排放导致大气层中二氧化碳的含量越来越高，温度升高。后果海平面急剧上升，自然灾害频繁等。措施/建议1. 节约能源 2. 绿化环境 3. 提高公众意识注意：1.不要逐句翻译(尤其是措施部分要具体) 2.词数：150左右(文章的开头已经给出，不计入总词数)。 提示：温室气体的排放 the emission of greenhouse gasesWith the rapid development of the economy, pollution has bee one of the most serious problemsnowadays. 【思路点拨】这是一篇提纲类作文，我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来。本篇书面表达中给出的要点比较具体,故需要准确表达。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。特别注意在表达句式时上要赋予变化。除此之外，有下列重点需要考生认真思考，加以解决：1.将背景和后果合并为一段进行表达；将措施、建议另成一段表述，使文章成为典型的三段式(文章的首段已经给出)；2.展开头脑风暴，围绕表中内容进行词汇搜索。如：result in/lead to, go up/rise, the rise of sea levels, natural disasters, save energy, plant more trees, raise peoples awareness of the importance of protecting the environment等等；3.扩词成句，再加上过关联词语或句子，使文章连贯起来。【参考答案】 With the rapid development of the economy, pollution has bee one of the most serious problems nowadays. The emission of greenhouse gases not only results in more and more CO2 in the atmosphere but also keeps the temperature going up. It has many harmful effects on human beings and nature, such as the rise of sea levels, many natural disasters and so on. Therefore, its time to take steps to make a difference. First of all, we should save energy. We should turn off the lights, the TV, the puter and so on if we are not using them any longer. We can walk or ride a bike when we go out instead of using motor vehicles. Secondly, we should plant more trees as they absorb carbon dioxide from the air and refresh our spirit when we look at them. Finally and most importantly, we should talk with our family and friends about global warming to raise peoples awareness of the importance of protecting the environment.【范文评析】总体说来，本篇范文开门见山地点明了现在随着经济增长环境问题越来越严峻；其次叙述温室气体的排放导致大气层中二氧化碳的含量越来越高、温度升高和由此带来的后果；最后提出了保护环境的一些有效措施，层层递进。具体地说：1.第二段中常规词汇(见划线部分“The emission of greenhouse gases not only results in more and more CO2 in the atmosphere but also keeps the temperature going up. It has many harmful effects on human beings and nature, such as the rise of sea levels, many natural disasters and so on.)”的运用，让读者格外感到亲切，同时也显示了作者驾驭语言的能力；2.第三段中运用了恰当的关联词，如Therefore, First of all，secondly, Finally and most importantly，使得文章条理清晰，语句通畅；经典句型和词汇的运用为文章增色不少,如：its time to take steps to make a difference，turn off，not.any longer, instead of , raise peoples awareness, protecting the environment等等。练习三假如你正在参加学校举行的英语演讲比赛，就如何应对全球变暖这一话题发表自己的见解，号召同学们过低碳生活，为减少二氧化碳（CO2）排放做贡献。请就这一话题写一篇演讲稿，陈述你自己的观点。演讲稿应包括以下内容： 1.节能减排，低碳生活，人人可为； 2.改变以往的家庭生活习惯(如用电，用水)； 3.出行使用公共交通工具或骑自行车。4. 要求：1.词数：不少于150左右； 2.可适当增加内容细节，以使行文连贯。 提示：碳排放 carbon emission 燃料 fuel【思路点拨】这是一篇演讲稿，以提纲式形式命题，写作时要注意格式：称呼语和结尾语。写好此类作文的关键是认真审题和分析所给的提纲，因此考生首先要认真阅读前面的提示，认清写作要求和提纲之间的关系，然后确定文章的主题、文体、人称和时态。根据所给提纲，列出要点，并以此为基础充分发挥自己的想象力，灵活运用英语知识，采用不同的表达方式将各要点完整地表述出来，注意主次分明，详略得当。除此之外，有下列重点需要考生认真思考，加以解决：1.整理归纳要点：我的话题：过低碳生活(给出谈此话题的理由：全球变暖)；节能减排，低碳生活，人人可为；改变以往的家庭生活习惯(如用电，用水)；出行使用公共交通工具或骑自行车。2.挖掘要点：题目中“4.”提示考生要增加要点；3.开展头脑风暴，围绕归纳的要点展开词汇搜索。如：live a low-carbon life, bee warmer and warmer, save energy , reduce our daily carbon emissions, change our previous living habit(use energy-saving electricity lights, never leave the water running), use the public transport, ride ones bicycle等等。【参考答案】Good morning, everyone, My topic today is how to live a low-carbon life. As we all know, the earth is being warmer and warmer due to the global climate change. Many people may think that low-carbon life is far away from us. However, every one of us can reduce our daily carbon emissions by doing something. Firstly, changing our previous living habit of wasting things is the first step. We can use energy-saving electricity lights instead of the traditional lights, and turn them off when we dont use them. Never leave the water running when we dont use it. Use the public transport or ride your bicycle instead of driving private cars when we travel somewhere. Even if we have to drive, wed better plan it well in advance to avoid wasting fuel. It is believed that the global climate change is due to the human activities. Only if we know what we do in our daily life and live a low-carbon life can we make a difference. Thats all, thank you!2.这一段实际上要讲的是“如何过低碳生活”。一个简单句“Firstly, changing our previous living habit of wasting things is the first step”打开了演讲的话匣子。然后从“用电、用水、出行”等方面阐述了如何过低碳生活。接着作者话犹未尽，增加了“Even if we have to drive, wed better plan it well in advance to avoid wasting fuel(节约能源)”这样的要点，达到了题目所设定的要求(题目中“4.”提示考生要增加要点)。本段最后一句“It is believed that the global climate change is due to the human activities(据此可以相信全球变暖是由于人类的活动而造成的)”对该段的主题又进行了升华；3.用一个倒装句“Only if we know what we do in our daily life and live a low-carbon life can we make a difference”为全文画龙点睛，升华演讲主题，这是不可或缺的。顺便说一下，范文作者运用了问候和称呼语“Good morning, everyone,”和结尾语“Thats all. Thank you!”，没有忘记演讲稿的格式。猜 题根据下面的图片提供的信息写一篇150个字左右的短文，介绍与Global warming相关的知识。就图片而言，谈一谈遏止全球变暖的有效方法。为使文章完整，写作时可以根据图片作一定的发挥。【思路点拨】这是图表式作文中比较典型的曲线图。图表式作文还有柱状图、饼状图、表格数据及平面图解等形式。考生在写作时只有在看懂图表的基础上才能动笔写。图表作文的规律性很强，如果不能全部领会图表信息，写作中就会出现遗漏信息，分析不准确等一系列问题。图表式作文就是将数据、图像等所包含的信息转化为表意的说明文字。这类题型因所含文字较少，提供信息少，要点分散等特征而比较复杂，考生不仅要弄清提示，而且还要看懂所给的图表和数据，找出隐含于图表中的信息，通过对数据、文字内容分析，准确地表达出图表含义，分析原因，发表议论。因而本篇书面表达考生所要解决的具体问题是：1.如何描述曲线图中所反映的问题，并由此展开合理的叙述；2.根据图片下方的文字提示，分析产生这种现象的根源；3.谈一谈遏止全球变暖的有效方法。【参考答案】The graph tells us that the world has been getting warmer and warmer since 1900. We are surprised to find side effects of global warming. For example, the warmer global climate melts the ice caps, raising sea levels, making some small islands disappear from the earth.Scientists have found one of the main causes which result in global warming. It is carbon dioxide in the air. With the development of industry, lots of fossil fuels are burnt in big factories. Cars, trucks and buses also produce gases as harmful as the gases from factories. These gases contain plenty of carbon dioxide.To stop global warming, we should reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. People should be taught to live a low-carbon life and try to use renewable energy.【范文评析】 1.范文第一句话“The graph tells us that the world has been getting warmer and warmer since 1900”就揭示了图片所反映的主要问题。该句中“has been getting”现在完成进行时用得非常到位，描述得栩栩如生。用一句简单句“We are surprised to find side effects of global warming(我们惊讶地发现地球变暖所带来的负面影响)”为下面的举例做好了铺垫。用“For example”承接上文，例子“the warmer global climate melts the ice caps, raising sea levels, making some small islands disappear from the earth”使读者触目惊心。该句中两个现在分词短语“raising sea levels, making some small islands disappear from the earth”作结果状语，充分彰显了作者驾驭句子的能力；3.最后谈了遏止全球变暖的有效方法。范文就用了两句话就把该问题搞定，充分显示了作者把握焦点，高度概括的技能。作者围绕第二段的内容进行布局。第一句“To stop global warming(动词不定式作目的状语), we should reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the air(为了遏止全球变暖，我们就应该减少二氧化氮的排放)”击中要害；第二句“People should be taught to live a low-carbon life and try to use renewable energy(教育人们过低碳生活，尽量使用可以重复使用的能源)”紧紧围绕主题为“谈遏止全球变暖的有效方法”问题锦上添花。