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一,二,三,一、表示逻辑联系的并列连词由并列连词将两个或两个以上平等关系的简单句连接在一起构成的句子叫并列句。其结构模式是:简单句+并列连词+简单句。1.联合或递进关系常用的连词有and(同,和),notonly.but(also).(不仅而且),neither.nor.(既不也不),aswellas(既又;以及)等。如:HehelpsmeandIhelphim.他帮我,我帮他。Notonlydidhegiveusalotofadvice,buthealsohelpedustostudyEnglish.他不仅给了我们很多建议,并且还帮助我们学英语。,一,二,三,2.选择关系常用的连词有or(或者,否则),otherwise(否则),orelse(否则),either.or(不是就是)。如:Hurryup,or(else)youllbelate.快点儿,否则就会迟到了。Willhestillbethereorwillhehavegoneaway?他那时还在那里还是已经走了?3.转折关系常用的连词有but(但是,可是,只是因为),while(而,却),yet(可是)等。如:Itneverrainsbutitpours.祸不单行。Iliketeawhileshelikescoffee.我喜欢喝茶而她喜欢喝咖啡。(while强调两者的对比)Shesaidshewouldbelate,yetshearrivedontime.她说她会迟到,但她却准时到达了。,一,二,三,(1)副词still(仍然),however(然而)也表示转折关系。Heisgood-natured;stillIdontlikehim.他脾气很好,可是我还是不喜欢他。Thebookisexpensive;however,itsworthit.这本书很贵;却很值。(2)but,while不与although连用,但yet,still可与although连用。Althoughshefeltill,shestillwenttowork.她虽然感觉不舒服,但她仍然去上班。,一,二,三,4.因果关系常用的连词有for(因为)和so(所以,因此)等。如:Iamthirsty,foritishot.我口渴,因为天气太热。Themanagerwasill,soIwentinherplace.经理病了,所以我代她去。5.when(=andjustatthistime)用作并列连词意思是“就在这时/那时”,主要用于was/weredoingsth.whensth./sb.did;was/wereabouttodosth.whensth./sb.did;was/wereonthepointofdoingsth.whensth./sb.did等句型中,表示“当某人或某物正在或正要做某事,就在这时突然又发生了另一件事”。Iwasjustleavingwhenthetelephonerang.我正要离开,电话铃响了。,一,二,三,二、状语从句的类型以及连词的选择状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式、比较、目的状语从句等。通过主从句之间的逻辑关系来判断状语从句的类型,再根据意义选择使用恰当的连接词。同时,要注意主从句时态搭配的问题。当主句用一般将来时态时,状语从句通常用一般现在时,有时亦可用现在完成时态。,一,二,三,1.引导时间状语从句的从属连词(1)表示“当时候”或“每当”的时间连词。主要的有when,while,as,whenever。如:Donttalkwhileyoureeating.吃饭时不要说话。Vegetablesarebestwhentheyarefresh.蔬菜新鲜时最好吃。HecamejustasIwasleaving.我正要走时他来了。,一,二,三,when,while与as引导时间状语从句的区别当主句动作是非延续的,从句动作是延续的时,三者都可以用。as强调主、从句动作同时或几乎同时发生。while从句的谓语必须是延续的,不能是非延续性动词。Shesangaswewalked.Ilistenedcarefullywhileshewassinging,andwefelthappywhenwegothome.,一,二,三,(2)表示“在之前(或之后)”的时间连词。主要的有before,after。如:Trytofinishyourworkbeforeyouleave.离开前设法把工作做完。Afterwehavefinishedtea,wewillsitonthegrass.喝完茶之后我们将坐在草地上。(3)表示“自从”或“直到”的时间连词。主要的有since,until,till。如:Shesbeenplayingtennissinceshewaseight.她从八岁起就打网球了。HoldonuntilIfetchhelp.坚持一下,等我找人来帮忙。Nevertroubletroubletilltroubletroublesyou.(谚)不要无事惹事。,一,二,三,(4)表示“一就”的时间连词主要的有assoonas,themoment,theminute,thesecond,theinstant,immediately,directly,instantly,once,nosooner.than,hardly.when等。如:IllletyouknowassoonasIhearfromher.我一接到她的信就通知你。ThemomentIhavefinishedIllgiveyouacall.我一干完就给你打电话。IcameimmediatelyIheardthenews.我一听到这个消息,马上就来了。Onceyoubeginyoumustcontinue.你一旦开始,便不可停下来。,一,二,三,(5)表示“上次”“下次”“每次”等的时间连词。主要的有everytime(每次),eachtime(每次),(the)nexttime(下次),anytime(随时),(the)lasttime(上次),thefirsttime(第一次)。如:Illtellhimaboutit(the)nexttimeIseehim.我下一次见到他时,我就把这个情况告诉他。Weloseafewskincellseverytimewewashourhands.每当我们洗手的时候,我们都要损失一些皮肤细胞。Youcancallmeanytimeyouwantto.你随时都可以给我打电话。,一,二,三,2.引导条件状语从句的从属连词。这类连词主要有if,unless,as/solongas,incase,once,onconditionthat,provided/providing(that),suppose/supposing(that)等。如:DontcomeunlessItelephone.除非我打电话,否则你别来。Aslongasyourehappy,itdoesntmatterwhatyoudo.只要你高兴,你做什么都没关系。Incaseitrainstheywillstayathome.万一下雨,他们就待在家里。,一,二,三,3.引导目的状语从句的从属连词。主要的有inorderthat,sothat,incase(以免,以防),forfear等。如:Heraisedhisvoicesothateveryonecouldhear.他提高了嗓音,以便每个人都能听见。Takeyourumbrella(just)incaseitrains.带上雨伞,以防下雨。4.引导结果状语从句的从属连词。主要的有sothat,so.that,such.that等。如:IwenttothelectureearlysothatIgotagoodseat.我去听演讲去得很早,所以找了个好座位。IhadsomanyfallsthatIwasblackandblueallover.我摔了许多跤,以至于全身都是青一块紫一块的。Heshutthewindowwithsuchforcethattheglassbroke.他关窗子用力很大,结果玻璃震破了。,一,二,三,5.引导原因状语从句的从属连词。主要的有because,as,since,seeing(that),now(that),considering(that),inthat等。表示“因为”的连词不能与表示“所以”的so连用。,because,since,as,for的用法区别(1)because的语气最强,表示直接原因,可用于回答why提出的问题、引导表语从句、用于强调句等,而其余三者均不行:“Whydidnthecome?”“Becausehewasill.”“他为什么没来?”“因为他病了。”ItisbecauseheishonestthatIlikehim.是因为他诚实我才喜欢他。(2)since侧重主句,从句表示显然的或已为人所知的理由,常译为“因为”、“既然”,语气比because稍弱,通常置于句首,表示一种含有勉强语气的原因。如:Sinceheasksyou,youlltellhimwhy.他既然问你,那就告诉他为什么吧。,一,二,三,(3)as是常用词,它表示的“原因”是双方已知的事实或显而易见的原因,或者理由不是很重要,含义与since相同,但语气更弱,没有since正式,常译为“由于,鉴于”。从句说明原因,主句说明结果,主从并重。例如:AsIhadacold,Iwasabsentfromschool.因为我感冒了,所以没去上课。(4)for可表示因果关系,也可对前面分句的内容进行解释或推断,此时不能与because换用。Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswetthismorning.昨晚一定下过雨,你看今早上地面是湿的。,一,二,三,6.引导让步状语从句的从属连词。主要的有although,though,eventhough,evenif,while,however,whatever,whoever,whenever,wherever,whether.or.等。如:Althoughtheyaretwins,theylookentirelydifferent.他们虽是孪生,但是相貌却完全不同。Youwontmovethatstone,howeverstrongyouare.不管你力气多大,也休想搬动那块石头。Whateverwehaveachieved,weowetoyoursupport.我们取得的一切成就都归功于你们的支持。Whetheryoubelieveitornot,itistrue.不管你相信与否,那都是真的。,一,二,三,(1)though引导让步状语从句时,可用正常语序,也可用倒装语序;as引导让步状语从句时只能用倒装语序,即从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首,若表语是单数名词,前置时要省略冠词。Happyastheywere,therewassomethingmissing.尽管他们很快乐,但总缺少点什么。(2)although与though都可以与yet,still连用,但不能和but连用。though还可以作副词,意为“可是,然而”,置于句末。Iveabitofcold.Itisnothingmuch,though.我有点感冒,不过不太严重。(3)while引导让步状语从句时,一般置于句首。WhileIadmitthatthereareproblems,Idontagreethattheycannotbesolved.尽管我承认有问题存在,但我不同意说这些问题不能解决。,一,二,三,7.引导方式状语从句的从属连词。主要的有as,asif,asthough,theway等。如:WhydidntyoucatchthelastbusasItoldyouto?你怎么不听我的话赶乘末班公共汽车呢?Hebenttheironbarasifithadbeenmadeofrubber.他将铁棍折弯,仿佛那是用橡胶做成的。Nobodyelselovesyoutheway(=as)Ido.没有人像我这样爱你。,一,二,三,8.引导地点状语从句的从属连词。主要的有where,wherever,everywhere,anywhere等。如:Illtakeyouanywhereyoulike.你想到哪儿我就带你到哪儿。EverywhereIgo,Ifindthesamething.不管我走到哪里,我都发现同样情况。9.引导比较状语从句的从属连词。主要的有than和as.as。如:Sheisnowhappierthanshehaseverbeen.现在她比过去任何时候都快活。Hedoesntworkashardasshedoes.他工作不像她那样努力。,一,二,三,三、状语从句的几个常见句型1.before表示“在之前,还没就;才;趁,还没来得及”,常用句型为:Itwill(not)be+一段时间+before.过时间才/没过时间就Itwasnotlongbefore.不久就Itwas+时间段+before.过了(时间)才Itwillbetwoyearsbeforeheleavesthecountry.再过两年他才会离开这个国家。Itwasnttwoyearsbeforeheleftthecountry.不到两年他就离开了这个国家。,一,二,三,2.since表示“自从以来”,常用句型为:Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since.(从句用一般过去时)Itwas+一段时间+since.(从句用过去完成时)since引导的从句如果用非延续性动词,所表示的动作自从句谓语动作算起;若用延续性动词,所表示的动作自动作或状态的完成或结束时算起。Itstwoyearssincewearrivedhere.我们到这儿两年了。Itsthreeyearssincewelivedhere.我们不住在这里有三年了。3.Itbe+时间点+when.表示“当时,时间是”。Itwasfiveoclockwhenhegothome.他回到家时已是五点了。(比较强调结构:Itwasatfiveoclockthathegothome.),一,二,三,4.such.that的常用句型such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that.such+形容词+不可数名词+that.such+形容词+可数名词复数+that.注意“somany(much,few,little)+名词”,“suchalotof(或lotsof)+名词”是习惯用法。Sheissuchalovelygirlthatwealllikeher.她如此可爱,我们都喜欢她。5.so+形容词或副词+that.so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that.Itwassohotadaythatweallwentswimming.天如此热,我们都去游泳了。,.完成句子(高考真题变式训练)1.Themeaningoftheword“nice”changedafewtimesitfinallycametoincludethesense“pleasant”.2.theforestparkisfaraway,alotoftouristsvisititeveryyear.3.Youwillnevergainsuccessyouarefullydevotedtoyourwork.4.Lessonscanbelearnedtofacethefuture,historycannotbechanged.5.Itwasthemiddleofthenightmyfatherwokemeupandtoldmetowatchthefootballgame.6.Theyoungcouple,whoreturnedmylostwallet,leftIcouldaskfortheirnames.,before,Eventhough/if,unless,though,when,before,7.Illbeoutforsometime.anythingimportanthappens,callmeupimmediately.8.youstarteatinginahealthierway,weightcontrolwillbecomemucheasier.9.Cathyhadquitherjobwhenhersonwasbornshecouldstayhomeandraiseherfamily.10.Halfanhourlater,Lucystillcouldntgetataxithebushaddroppedher.,Incase,Once,sothat,where,.单句改错1.Howcanapersonrecoverfromemotionalproblems?Apopularopinionsuggeststhathewatchhumorousfilms.Andarecentstudyprovesthistobewrong.2.Influencedbythem,Ireadwidelyduringmyearlyage,butIvedevelopedagreatinterestinartsandsports.3.TheAmericanIndianswerenotalwaysfriendsoftheDutch,norweretheEnglish.ButtheDutchbuiltthewoodenwalltoprotectthemselves.4.WhenIsaidthankstoher,andshegavemeabigsmile.5.Igotextremelyinterestedinforeignculturesorcustoms.,答案:AndBut,答案:butand,答案:utSo,答案:去掉When或and,答案:rand,6.Oneofmyfriendscannotspeakthreeforeignlanguages;socanhiswife.7.LastsummerIwenttoXianwithmyparents.Wevisitedmanyplacesofinterestasthetemperaturewasover38.8.Heissobusy.Hecannotaffordenoughtimewithhissonasifhewantsto.9.Untilwehaveenoughevidence,wecantwinthecase.10.Shewassuchaproudpersonthatshewoulddieaftershewouldadmitshewaswrong.,答案:soneither/nor,答案:asthough,答案:aseven,答案:UntilUnless,答案:afterbefore,
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