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Pygmalion,Unit 4,Section Learning about Language,Unit 4,词汇过关 1_ adj古时的，珍贵的 n古董，文物 2_ adj音乐的 _ n音乐 3_ n佛教 _ n佛教徒 4_ v抢劫 _ n强盗 _ n抢劫，偷盗,antique musical music Buddhism Buddhist rob robber robbery,短语自查 _ 抢某人某物,rob sbof sth,语法练习 用所给词的适当形式填空 1When _(face) with difficulties，we must try to overcome them 2If _ (give) better attention，the serious accident could have been avoided 3_ (move) by the monitors speech，many students volunteered to donate money to the poor family 4The old man went into the room，_ (support) by his granddaughter,5Though _ (defeat) several times，the general didnt lose heart 6The schoolgirl met with an accident when crossing the road，_ (wound)in the leg 7_(equip) with a camera，a compass and a GPS，the 18 students set out to make a study tour to Huangshan Mountain 8_(dress) in a beautiful white dress，the bride looks very elegant and attractive 答案：1faced 2given 3Moved 4supported 5defeated 6wounded 7Equipped 8Dressed,rob vt抢劫；盗窃；剥夺 The bank at the corner was robbed last night 昨天晚上街角的那家银行被抢了。 常用形式：rob sbof sth抢劫某人某物；剥夺某人某物 They knocked the driver down and robbed him of his car 他们把司机打倒在地，抢走了他的车。 They robbed the people of their liberty 他们剥夺了人民的自由。,知识拓展 robber n抢劫者；强盗；盗贼 robbery n抢劫；盗窃；偷盗；失窃 The bank robber drew a gun and shot the guard in cold blood 那个银行抢劫者拔出枪，残忍地杀了警卫员。 The robbery occurred in broad daylight 在光天化日之下发生了抢劫。,巧学助记 rob与steal，一眼知分晓,活学活用 (1)完成句子 他从商店偷了些珠宝。 He _ some jewelry _ the shop 他们夺走了我的自由。 They _ me _ my liberty 答案：stole； from robbed； of,(2)用恰当词语填空 The illness robbed little Tom _ a normal childhood and his happiness 答案：of 句意：疾病使小汤姆失去了一个正常的童年，也失去了快乐。rob sbof sth“使某人丧失某物”，符合题意。,in return 反过来；作为交换；作为回报 I asked her opinion，but she just asked me a question in return 我征求她的意见，她却反过来问了我一个问题。 You sent me your watch and in return I gave you my book 你给我寄来了你的手表，作为回报我把我的书送给你。,知识拓展 in return for作为对的回报或报答 in turn依次；轮流；相应地 by turns(指人或人的动作)轮流地；逐个地 speak/talk out of turn说不该说的话 take turns (in) doing/to do sth轮流做某事,活学活用 (1)选词填空(in turn/in return) (真题改编浙江)While staying in the village，James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything _ 答案：in return 本题考查介词短语意义辨析。句意：在村子里呆着的时候，詹姆斯不要任何回报无私地跟村民们共享他拥有的东西。in return作为回报；in turn反过来。由关键信息unselfishly share和without asking for anything可知，此处表示“不要任何回报”。故填in return。,(2)用恰当词语填空 Mary gave Jack so much help that he gave her some roses _return_ her kindness 答案：in；for 句意：玛丽帮了杰克很多忙，所以他送她玫瑰花以答谢她的好心。in return for“作为对的报答”，符合题意。,1George Bernard Shaw was interested in the way people spoke 萧伯纳对人们说话的方式很感兴趣。 people spoke是定语从句，修饰the way。way作“方式”解，后接定语从句时，若引导词在从句中作状语，则引导词可用that或in which，that/in which也可省去。 I dont like the way he speaks I dont like the way that he speaks I dont like the way in which he speaks 我不喜欢他说话的方式。,活学活用 补全句子 使我惊奇的不是他的话而是他说话的方式。 What surprised me was not what he said but _ _ _ _ _ 答案：the way he said it,2Generally speaking，he thought that lower class people betrayed themselves with their remarks whenever they spoke，and that he could classify peoples social position after only a few minutes observation 一般而言，他认为阶级地位低者一开口他们的言论便会暴露他们的身份，并且他可以在几分钟的观察之后判定人们的社会地位。,whenever在句中引导让步状语从句，意为“无论何时，每当”，此时相当于no matter when。 Whenever/No matter when you call，you will find him at his desk 不管你什么时候去看他，他都在用功。 You may come whenever/no matter when you please 你什么时候愿意来就什么时候来。,知识拓展 类似引导让步状语从句的词除了whenever外，还有however，wherever，whatever，whoever，whichever等，相当于“no matter疑问词”。“疑问词ever”除了可引导让步状语从句外，有时还可引导名词性从句，而“no matter疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。,However late he is，his mother will wait for him to have dinner together 不管他回来多晚，他的母亲总会等他一起吃晚饭。 Whatever you say，I wont believe you 不管你说什么，我都不会相信你。 Whoever breaks the law will be punished 无论是谁，违反法律都将受到惩罚。,活学活用 用恰当词语填空 (1)(真题改编山东)_ I have to give a speech，I get extremely nervous before I start 答案：Whenever 本题考查状语从句。句意：每当我要演讲的时候，我都会在开始之前感到特别的紧张。根据句意可知答案。,(2)Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon，or _ it is convenient to you 答案：whenever 考查whenever引导的让步状语从句。句意：下午请给我的秘书打电话安排会议，或者其他对你来说方便的时间也可以。根据题中的时间状语可知，这里强调的是时间，所以答案为whenever，意思是“无论何时，任何时候”。,过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况。其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，且与主语之间构成逻辑上的“动宾关系”或在逻辑上构成“系表结构”。过去分词短语在句中担任条件状语，原因状语以及时间状语时，通常放在句首；担任伴随状语或结果状语时，通常放在句末；担任方式状语时，一般位于句末，有时也可位于句首；担任让步状语时，一般位于句首，有时也可位于句末。,过去分词担任状语时的语法功能 (1)原因状语 Caught in a heavy rain，he was all wet 因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。 Frightened by the noise in the night，the girl didnt dare sleep in her room 被夜晚的响声惊吓，那姑娘不敢睡在她的房间里了。,(2)时间状语 Asked why he did it，the monitor said it was his duty 当被问及为何要做这件事时，班长说这是他的职责。 Approached in the dark the bulbs looked lonely and purposeless 在黑暗走近时，那些电灯显得孤单而无意义。,(3)条件状语和假设状语 Grown in rich soil，these seeds can grow fast 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。 Given better attention，the accident could have been avoided 要是多加注意，那次事故就可以避免了。,(4)方式或伴随状语 Surrounded by his students，the professor sat there cheerfully 那位教授在学生们的簇拥下，兴高采烈地坐在那儿。 He stood there silently，moved to tears 他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。,(5)让步状语 Beaten by the police，sent to jail，Gandhi invented the principle of nonviolent resistance 尽管受警察的殴打，被投入监牢，甘地却首创了非暴力抵抗的原则。 Defeated again，we did not lose heart 尽管再次被击败，但我们没有灰心。,(6)独立成分(插入语) Given good weather，our ship will reach Shanghai Monday evening 假如天气好，我们的船将于星期一晚上到达上海。 Put frankly，I dont agree with what he said 坦白地说，我不同意他所说的话。,与状语从句的相互转换 (1)过去分词短语作时间状语，可转换为when，while或after等引导的状语从句。 Seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful When it is seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful 从山上往下看，这座公园看起来更加漂亮。,(2)作条件状语，可转换为if，once或unless等引导的状语从句。 Given more time，she would certainly have done much better If she had been given more time，she would certainly have done much better 如果有更多时间的话，她一定会干得更好些。,(3)作原因状语，可转换为as，since或because等引导的状语从句。 The children，exhausted，fell asleep at once As the children were exhausted they fell asleep at once 由于劳累，孩子们很快就睡着了。,(4)作让步状语，可转换为although，though或even if等引导的状语从句。 Although exhausted by the climb，we continued our journey Although we were exhausted by the climb，we continued our journey 我们虽然爬得很累，但我们仍然继续我们的旅程。,(5)作方式状语，如有连词as if，就转换为as if引导的方式状语从句；若无连词，则转换为并列结构。 He began to cry as if bitten by a snake He began to cry as if he was bitten by a snake 他大叫起来，好像被蛇咬了。 (6)作伴随状语，一般转换为并列结构。 Aunt Wu came in，followed by her daughter Aunt Wu came in，and(she)was followed by her daughter 吴大娘走进来，(她)后面跟着她的女儿。,拓展 (1)现在分词与过去分词作状语在“逻辑”方面的差异： 现在分词作状语与过去分词作状语的最主要区别在于两者与句子的主语之间的逻辑关系不同。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间通常构成逻辑上的动宾关系。现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系。 Given more attention，the trees could have grown better 如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。 Not knowing what to do，he went to his parents for help 由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。,(2)现在分词与过去分词作状语在“时间”方面的差异： 过去分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，或表示一种状态，与谓语动作同时发生或存在。现在分词的一般式表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或在说话时正在进行；现在分词的完成式(having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“主动”动作；现在分词的完成式的被动式(having been done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“被动”动作，常常和表示次数的短语以及时间段(for短语)连用，此时不能被过去分词所替换。在其他情况下通常被过去分词所替换，从而使句式更简洁。,Written in a hurry，this article was not so good！ 因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好！ Reading carefully，he found something he had not known before 他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。 Having been discussed several times，the decision was finally made 进行了几次讨论之后，终于作出了决定。,(3)部分过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示 “被动关系”，其前不用being。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost(陷入某种状态)；seated(坐)；hidden(躲)；stationed(驻扎)；lost/absorbed in (沉溺于)；dressed in(穿着)；tired of(厌烦)等。 Lost/Absorbed in deep thought，he didnt hear the sound 因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音。 Faced with difficulties，we must try to overcome them 在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。,(4)过去分词用作状语时，前面往往带有when，if，while，though，even if等连词，这样就能使过去分词所表示的意义更加明确。这种带有连词的过去分词结构通常可看作是一种省略句，句中省略的部分总是“主语be的相应变化形式”，省略的主语通常与主句的主语相同。 When given a medical examination，you should keep calm 当你做体格检查时要保持镇定。 Although exhausted by the climb，he continued his journey 他虽然爬得很累，但他仍继续前进。,(5)分词(短语) 作状语时，其逻辑上的主语要与句子的主语保持一致；否则分词(短语)就要有自己的逻辑主语(用名词或代词的主格来表示)。这种结构称为独立主格结构。独立主格结构常放在句首。表示时间、条件、原因时，其作用分别相当于一个时间、条件、原因状语从句。表示伴随方式时，相当于一个并列句。 The signal given，the bus started 信号一发出，汽车就开动了。 The football match(being) over，crowds of people poured out into the street 足球赛一结束，人群便涌到大街上。,(6)不定式与分词担任状语的差异： 不定式在句中可以担任目的状语，结果状语(出乎意料的结果)以及原因状语(通常后置)。 To make himself heard，he raised his voice 为了被听清楚，他提高了嗓门。 He hurried home，only to find his money stolen 他匆忙赶到家中，结果却发现钱被盗了。 All of us are surprised to see his rapid progress 他的进步，我们都很吃惊。,分词在句中可以担任除目的状语以外的其他形式的状语。 Seen from the top of the hill，the town is beautiful 从山上看，这座城镇很美。 Defeated，he remained a popular boxer 虽然被击败了，但他仍然是一位受欢迎的拳击手。 The guests entered the office，accompanied by the manager 客人们在经理的陪同下进了办公室。,用恰当的形式填空 1At the routine office meeting，the headmaster insisted that the problems_(refer) to be paid special attention to 2Almost_(freeze)，the old man could not get off the ground 3This problem was not important，_(compare) to others she faced 4_(exhaust) by the running，they went on running after the robber 5_(laugh) at by many people，he continued his study,6She returned to the shop the following morning _ (dress) in a woolen coat，with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other 7_(satisfy) with her reply，Telemachus first set out for the island of the Cyclops to seek news of Odysseus 8_(hesitate) whether to leave or not，the man stayed where he was 9_(warn) many times，they became more careful in doing the job 10_(seize) the letter from the boy，Maggie ran away at once,答案：1referred 2frozen 3compared 4Exhausted 5Laughed 6dressed 7Satisfied 8Hesitating 9Having been warned 10Having seized,用过去分词改写下列从句 1If these seeds are grown in rich soil，they can grow fast _ 2Because he was caught in a heavy rain，he was all wet _ 3As the bike is used for a long time，it needs repairing _,4The little girl will be blind in both eyes unless she is treated on time _ 5The teacher entered the classroom，and he was followed by a group of students _,答案：1Grown/If grown in rich soil，these seeds can grow fast 2Caught in a heavy rain，he was all wet 3Used for a long time，the bike needs repairing 4Unless treated on time，the little girl will be blind in both eyes 5Followed by a group of students，the teacher entered the classroom,句型转换 1Asked to stop，the excited speaker kept talking at the meeting _ _ _ asked to stop，the excited speaker kept talking at the meeting 2I wont go to the evening party， even if I am invited I wont go to the evening party，_ _ _ 3After we spent all the money，we started looking for jobs All the money _，we started looking for jobs,4Caught in a heavy rain，he was wet to the skin _ _ _ caught in a heavy rain，he was wet to the skin 5When he was asked why he did it，he said it was his duty _ why he did it，he said it was his duty 答案：1Though he was 2even if invited 3spent 4As he was 5Asked,
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