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Unit 4 Sharing,限制性定语从句,Restrictive Attributive Clause,Grammar,They are kind and warm-hearted people who can give time, energy and talents to help others in need and serve their communities, expecting nothing in return.,A Riddle (谜),Who are they?,在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句。（起定语的作用）,2. 先行词：,被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。,3. 关系词：,定语从句,关系代词,关系副词,which, that, who, whom, whose， as等,where, when , why,在定语从句中作主语,宾语,定语和表语,在定语从句中作状语,1. 定义：,引导定语从句的词。 起着连接主从句、指代先行词 和在从句中作成分的三重作用。,The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.,先行词,定语从句,关系词,The man,who lives next to us,who,The man sells vegetables. He lives next to us.,合并句子图示,共有词,主句： 从句：,共有词,关系词,共有词,关系词,主句 从句,The girl got first. Her father had given us a report.,The girl whose father had given us a report got first.,把两个句子合成一个含有定语从句的复合句,一、定语从句中关系代词 that，which，who, whom, whose 的用法,关系代词的用法,人；物,物,人,人,(人/物)的,主,宾,表,主,宾，表,主,宾，表,宾语,定语,作宾语可省,作宾语可省,作宾语可省,可省,不可省,口诀: 前看先行词, 辩清人或物 后看从句里, 有无主宾语,that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。,Note 1,请牢记：只用that 不用which 的情况： 1.The terrible typhoon killed the people and cattle _ were in the fields. 2.The wind blew down the tallest tree _ is in front of our school gate. 3.This is the very thing _ I was looking for.,that,that,that,先行词中既有人又有事物时用that .,先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,先行词被the only, the very, the just, the last修饰时用that,4.There is a book on the desk _ I like. 5.There is nothing in the world _ can frighten me. 6.Who is the man _ is reading under the tree?,that,that,that,当主句是here, there以开头时用that,先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时用that,当主句是以which ,who开头的 特殊疑问句时用that,关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose都可以引导定语从句，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语，使用时要考虑两点： 1. 先行词是“人”还是“物”； 2. 关系代词在定语从句中充当什么成分。 首先, 当先行词是“人”时：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，用that / who；关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，用whom / that / who. 其次, 先行词如果是“物”时：可用关系代词that / which来充当主语或者宾语；whose 可指人或物，在定语从句中作定语。 另外，还要熟记一般只用that引导定语从句的几种情况。,Summary,关系代词在定语从句中做介词的宾语时, 可以把从句的介词提前至关系代词前，这时定语从句由介词 + 关系代词引导。,二、“介词+关系代词which (指物)/ whom(指人)“引导的定语从句,This is the factory which I worked in ten years ago.,This is the factory in which I worked ten years ago.,= where,This is the factory. I worked in the factory ten years ago.,1. I will give you the book_ you asked for. = I will give you the book_ you asked. 2. We met the man_ we talked about. = We met the man _we talked.,(that/which),for which,(whom/that/who),about whom,介词 + 关系代词引导定语从句时, 如先行词是物, 关系代词只能用 which，而不能用that。,介词 + 关系代词引导定语从句时, 如先行词是人, 关系代词只能用whom，而不能用that和who。,关系代词前的介词如何确定:,Ill never forget the day on which I was born. 1996 is the year in which you were born.,小结1. 根据所用的介词与先行词的习惯搭配来判断, Hong Kong is the city from which he comes. You are the students with whom your headteacher is strict.,小结2:看定语从句中动词与介词或形容词与介词的搭配来判断,Wu Song was the man by whom the tiger was beaten.,小结3：根据定语从句的意义来判断,2.介词关系代词 前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few 等代词或数词+of。,There are many apples here, some of which have gone bad. He has 3 sons, two of whom are doctors.,= and some of them ,= and two of them,1) He sent us many books, none of _is liked by all. 2) He sent us many books, but none of _is liked by all. 3) He sent us many books. None of _is liked by all. 4) He sent us many books; None of _is liked by all. A. them B. that C. which D. none,C,A,A,要注意句中是否有并列连词but, and, or等,A,像 listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of 等固定短语动词,在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。 This is the boy whom she has taken care of.,1. This is the rock _ the boy fell down into the sea. 2. The film star _we talked a lot yesterday will give us a speech tomorrow. 3. The West Lake _Hangzhou is famous in the world will be more beautiful. 4. The subject _Xiao Wang is good is physics.,from which,about whom,for which,at which,请用“介词+which或whom”完成以下句子,5. The reason _ he could not go there was that his grades was too low. 6. The professor _ Mr. Smith shook hands yesterday has made new discoveries in science. 7. Could you tell me the day _ you arrived? 8. I will treasure the days _ I lived here.,with whom,on which,in which,for which,Summary,“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词后的关系代词不能用that。先行词指物时，介词后的关系代词用which；指人时用whom.,三、定语从句中关系副词 when, where, why 的用法,1. 关系副词 where,This is the factory where I worked ten years ago. The school where my son studies is near a park.,in which,at which,地点状语,which,2. 关系副词 when,Theyll never forget July 1 when Hong Kong returned to its motherland.,The days when we lived together happily are gone forever.,on which,during which,时间状语,which,There are many reasons. People like traveling for many reasons.,3. 关系副词why,why 引导的定语从句修饰先行词 reason, 在从句中作原因状语, 相当于 “for + which”。,There are many reasons why people like traveling.,for which,1. I shall never forget those years _ I live in the farm . A. when B. where C. which D. why 2. Do you know the reason _he was late? A. for which B. for what C. which D. that,Exercises,3. Is that the reason _ you are in favor of the proposal? A. which B. what C. why D. for that,4. I can still remember the sitting-room _ my mother and I used to sit in the evening. A. what B. which C. that D. where,5. Who can think of a situation _ this idiom can be used? A. which B. that C. where D. in that,注意：当先行词是situation, case, point, position, stage等表抽象地点的词时，定语从句中缺少状语，也要用where引导。,This is the point where I dont agree.,The police are looking into the case where two VIPs were killed.,注意：当先行词是时间、地点、原因时，定语从句的引导词在从句中做状语时才用关系副词when、 where、 why；如做主语、宾语、表语仍用关系代词that、 which,1). This is the place_he works. This is the place_we visited last year. 2). That was the day_he arrived. Do you still remember the day _ we spent together? 3). This is the reason_he left. The reason_he gave us was quite reasonable.,where,which / that,when,that/which,why,that/which,选择定语从句的关系词一定要看先行词在从句中所做成分。当先行词在从句中作状语,则选择相应的关系 _。当先行词在从句中作主语, 宾语或表语, 则选择相应的关系 _。,副词 when,where,why,代词that,which,who, whom等,Summary：关系副词的用法,时间,时间状语,地点,地点状语,原因,原因状语,五、定语从句中需注意的问题,He lives in the room whose window faces south.,= He lives in the room, _faces south.,= He lives in the room, _faces south.,the window of which,of which the window,注意：Note 1: whose + 名词 = the +n. + of which / whom = of which / whom + the + n.,Fill the blank with the proper relatives.,The teachers _ are present are all experienced teachers. 2. Our class is a big family _ consists of 50 girls and 32 boys. 3. David is the boy _ English is very good in our class. 4. Id like a room _ window looks out over the sea. 5. The doctor _you are looking for is in the room.,who/ that,which/that,whose,whose,(whom/who/that),主语,主语,定语,定语,宾语,1) He is one of the students in his class who _ (have) got the teachers praise 2) He is the only one in his class who _ (have) got the teachers praise,has,have,Note 3. 先行词是the way 时,I dont like the way _ he looks at me. 2. I dont like the way_he told me.,(that/which),当the way先行词时，定语从句缺状语，可用that，in which或不用关系词；但如果定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，还是要用关系代词that或which,Note 4. 由 as 引导的限制性定语从句，常用于下列句式： such as 像一样的， the same as 和同样的,This is the same thing as we are in need of. Such people as you say are short now.,六. 定语从句中易混易错经典题型,1.Is this pen _you lost yesterday? 2.Is this the pen _ you lost yesterday? that B. in which C. the one D. of which,一.注意有无先行词,C,A,3.It was 1997_HongKong returned to China. 4.It was in 1997_HongKong returned to China. when B. that C. where D. which,A,B,二.定语从句与强调句的区别,5.I will never forget the day _ I came to school for the first time. 6.I will never forget the day _ I spent with you. when B. where C. which D. in which,A,C,三.定语从句的连词选定要看在从句中的作用,7.Peter is one of the students _ best in his class. 8.Peter is the only one of the students _ best in his class. who sings B. who sing C. whose sing D. that sing,四.先行词的选定,B,A,9.He has two sons, both _ are doctors. 10.He has two sons, and both_ are doctors. of them B. who C. of whom D. of which,五.定语从句与并列句的区别,C,A,总结： 1.定语从句要避免成分重复 2.定语从句要避免漏用关系词 3. 引导定语从句的关系词要使用正确 4. 从句要用陈述句的语序 5. 定语从句中谓语动词的单复数要注意,Play the game: Words guessing,Words guessing,1.a person who/that teaches us to learn things 2.a person whose job is to make you understand what people are saying in another language 3.the thing that you need when you buy something,teacher,interpreter,money,4.the book that/which we use every day in school 5.the place where we were born and grow up 6.the date when we were born 7.things that we need to wear when we cant see things clearly,textbook,hometown,birthday,glasses,8.a reason why some of the boys cant learn well 9.a person who can give time, energy and talents to help others in need and serve their communities, expecting nothing in return. 10.a large brush which/that is used to sweep the floor,laziness,volunteer,broom,Correct the sentences-Goup work,1. Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday. 2. Do you know the man his name is Tom? 3. The party was held by the Smiths last week was a big success. 4. Is this the school which did you set up last year? 5. Chengdu is the most beautiful city which Ive ever seen. 6. Moyan and his works which have been reported have attracted our attention.,whose,which/that,that或删去which,that,Practice makes perfect !,The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination. A. that B. which C. whose D. what,C,练一练！,2. Finally he reached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from the outside world. when B. where C. which D. whom,C,3. Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station _ you can hire to reach your host family. A. which B. where C. when D. as,A,4. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected. A. whose B. that C. who D. which,A,5. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other. A. which B. where C. what D. who,A,6. Old town has narrow streets and small houses _are built close to each other. they B. where C. what D. that,D,7. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _had taken more than three years. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which,C,8. This is one of the best books _. A. that have ever been written B. that has ever been written C. that has written D. that have written 9. She is not the only one of the girls _ well in class. A. which sings B. who sing C. who sings D. who to sing,A,C,10. Is this factory _ we visited last week ?,D,Is this the factory _ we visited last week?,A、where B、that C、to which D、the one,B,解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。,11. This is the best hotel in the city _ I know. A. It B. where C. that D. which 12. Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady_ comes from Beijing. A. who B. which C. whom D. whose,C,A,1.I bought some books from the bookstore, five _were English novels.,A. of which B. which C. that D. in which,A,Choose the right answer.,2. There are three libraries in our school, _ were built five years ago.,A. all of them B. either of them C. all of which D. both of that,C,3. Do you remember the day _ your sister was graduated as a Master of Arts? A. which B. on which C. about which D. 不填,B,4. The bus, _ was already full, was surrounded by an angry crowd. A. which of most B. most of which C. which of the most D. most of that,B,5. His walking stick, _ he cant walk, was lost yesterday.,A. that B. with which C. which D. without which,D,Practice makes perfect !,The house _ we live is not big. The house_we live in is not big.,D,B,A. in that B. which C. in which D. where,3. It is not such an interesting magazine _ I thought. A. as B. that C. which D. 不填,4. _ you know, he is a famous musician. A. As B. which C. That D. 不填,A,A,5. She will never forget the day_ she spent in Beijing.,A. when B. what C. which D. why,C,She will never forget the day _ she stayed with him in Beijing.,A,6. I dont like English, _ grammar I am not interested. I dont like English, _ grammar is difficult to learn. I like this house, _ doorway is just enough to get . I like this house, _ doorway is small. A. in which B. which C. through whose D. whose,A,D,C,D,7. There is no difficulty _ cant be overcome in the world. A. that B. which C. who D. what,A,8. Who is the person _ is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower? A. who B. that C. which D. whom,B,9. When you read the book, youd better make a mark _ you have any questions. A. at which B. at where C. the place where D. where,10. We all remember the days _ we studied together at school. A. which B. that C. when D. 不填,11. Do you know the reason _ he didnt come? A. that B. which C. for D. why,C,D,Translation,1. 这就是那位帮助我的人。 2. 我不认识那个和你说话的女孩。 3. 你认识一个叫王雨的人吗？ 4. 请给我解释一下你不辞而别的理由好吗？ 5. 你记不记得我们到这儿的那一天? 6. 他指给我看他丢钱包的地方。 7. 他把解决这个问题的方法告诉了我。 8. 她有三个女儿，其中两个是老师。,1. 这就是那位帮助我的人。,This is the man who helped me.,Do you know the man whose name is Wang Yu?,2.我不认识那个和你说话的女孩。,I dont know the girl whom/that you speak to.,3. 你认识一个叫王雨的人吗？,4. 请给我解释一下你不辞而别的理由好吗？,Could you please give me a reason why you left without a word?,5.你记不记得我们到这儿的那一天?,Do you remember the day when we arrived here?,6. 他指给我看他丢钱包的地方。,He showed me the place where he lost his wallet.,7. 他把解决这个问题的方法告诉了我。,He told me the way (that / in which) he solved this problem.,8. 她有三个女儿，其中两个是老师。,She has three daughters, two of whom are teachers.,
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