2019-2020年高三上学期调研考试物理试题 含解析.doc

xx届高三第一次月考英语试题 高三英语备课组 xx.9.15 I语言知识及应用（共两节，满分45分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从115各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。When I walk through the streets of San Franciscos business districts, white people stare at me as if I were a circus clown.Their staring eyes dont see that I get _1_ As in school, or that I am a captain of the football team, or that I belong to _2_youth organizations. All they see is that I am 6-foot-4, young ,black, and male-a potential _3_to them.White men look at me as if I am up to no good, or as if they are _4_to me. White women just look at me with_5_, say, sometimes they cross the street when they see my friends and me ing, or walk in the street and only get back on the sidewalk after we _6_.Many people e to San Francisco to get away from the stereotypes(成见) of the cities they were born and _7_ in. The majority of the blacks and Latinos who live in this city dont have that luxury.How can you feel at home when people are_8_telling you to get back to Africa or Mexico -or just back to “where you belong”?My way of dealing with this kind of thing has _9_over the years. In the past, when my friends and I would walk the streets and a hundred pairs of white eyes would look at me as if we were the lowest form of dirt, it would make us angry enough to hurt or _10_them. Now Im more likely to use _11_ to defend myself against those eyes. To women who clutch their purse in terror, Ill say, “Man, I aint gonna do anything to you, I got money in my pocket!” My cousin has even started wearing a T-shirt _12_ in big letters, “NO, WHITE LADY, I DONT WANT YOUR PURSE.” The most painful thing is when we get those_13_ stares from black people, especially elderly ones. I want o say to them, “Were black too. Why would we do something to you?”Usually I react more _14_to all of this than a lot of my friends do. Some of them, so brainwashed, just think its part of life and that there is nothing you can do. But for me, thats not good enough. I just cant stand it when every day a hundred pair of eyes tell you youre not_15_. 【文章大意】本文主要讲述了作者 一个黑人在美国受到的不公平的对待，这种不公平主要是精神上的歧视。他们会被当地人视为贼或危险人物，对此作者表达了其内心的一些想法。【小题1】 A. almost B. mostly C. merely D. particularly 【答案】B【解析】句意：他们凝视的眼睛并没有看到我在学校的成绩多半是A。A.差不多，几乎；C.仅仅，只不过；D.特别地，独特地。根据句意可知选B。【小题2】 A. social B. local C. positive D. new 【答案】C【解析】句意：我参加了很多积极的青年社团。从上下文的文意可知这里是说作者是一个很优秀的青年。social 社会的 ；local 当地的；new 新的。【小题3】A. danger B. treasure C. gift D. neighbor 【答案】A【解析】这里是说当地的美国人眼中看不到作者的优秀，只是一个年轻的黑人，对他们来说是潜在的危险。【小题4】 A. better B. close C. perfect D. superior 【答案】D【解析】句意：白人看待我就好像他们比我优秀。A.更好的；B.近的；C.完美的。根据句意选D。【小题5】 A. fear B. interest C. honor D. despair 【答案】A【解析】句意：白人女士会呆着恐惧看我。with fear 恐惧的。interest 兴趣；honor 荣誉；despair 绝望。【小题6】 A. run B. walk C. pass D. move 【答案】C【解析】句意：有时候当她们过马路时看到我和我的朋友们走过来，她们会在我们通过之后再过去。pass 在这里指过马路。【小题7】 A. known B. developed C. raised D. located 【答案】C【解析】A.知道的；B.发达的；C.抚养，养育；D.坐落于。由文意可知选C。【小题8】 A. honestly B. constantly C. hopefully D. freely【答案】B【解析】句意：当人们不断地告诉你让你回到非洲或墨西哥去你会做何感想constantly 不断地；honestly 诚实地；hopefully 充满希望地；freely 自由地。【小题9】 A. changed B. formed C. strengthened D. increased 【答案】A【解析】由本段大意可知，作者对待这种歧视的方式改变了。【小题10】 A. kill B. rob C. damage D. steal 【答案】B【解析】A.杀死；B.抢劫；C.损害，损毁；D.偷。由文意可知选B。【小题11】 A. actions B. deeds C. signs D. words【答案】D【解析】句意：现在我更可能会用语言来保护自己不受到这种目光的歧视。由本段的大意可知，作者对待歧视的方式改变了，以前会很冲动的用武力抵制，现在则是用语言去还击。【小题12】 A. writing B. printing C. telling D. saying【答案】D【解析】句意：我的表哥甚至开始穿上面写着：“不，白人女士，我们不想要你的钱包。”这样的T恤衫。saying在此处意为t恤衫上写着。【小题13】 A. fearful B. doubtful C. pitiful D. impressive【答案】A【解析】A.可怕的；B.可疑的；C.遗憾的D.感人的，印象深刻的。由句意可知选A。【小题14】 A. strongly B. actively C. disappointedly D. casually 【答案】A【解析】由本段意思可知，作者对待人们的歧视的反应更强烈。【小题15】 A. sincere B. mature C. wele D. gentle 【答案】C【解析】句意：对我来说，我不能忍受每天有几百双眼睛告诉你你不受欢迎。第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或者括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1625的相应位置上。Long ago, in a far-away place, an old tribal chief found himself terminally ill. So he called three most promising young villagers to his bedside and said, “As I _16_(leave) you soon, I hope you can do one more thing for me. Young men, you three are all _17_(usual) strong and resourceful, so Id like you to strive to climb that high mountain we have always been worshipping _18_ a sacred place. Try to reach the top and then turn back to tell me about your findings. Three days later, the first young man returned smartly dressed and said _19_(smile), “Lord, Ive been to the mountaintop_20_I saw flowers of all sorts, spring water and singing birds. Thats a real nice place.”The old tribal chief replied with a smile, “Son, Ive been there before. its not the mountaintop _21_the foot of the mountain. You can leave now.”A week later, the second young man also returned. “Lord, Ive been to the mountaintop _22_ a forest of tall pine trees and vultures circling in the air. Thats a really nice place.”“What a pity!” said the chief. “Son, youve been halfway up the mountain rather than to the summit. Now you can leave .” A month later, the third young man showed up in rags, his hair off-colored but his eyes clear and bright. “Lord, I succeeded in reaching the summit. There was nothing there but the highland wind and the blue sky _23_(hang) over the land.” “So you saw nothing at all? Not even _24_butterfly?”“No, Lord, nothing. All you can see is yourself. You just feel how insignificant you are in this infinite universe _25_ standing at the top!” “Son, youve reached the real mountaintop. Congratulations! You will be undoubtedly made our new tribal chief!” 【文章大意】本文主要讲述了一个部落的首领在发现自己将不久与人世后，在部落中挑选下一个首领的故事。老首领让部落中三个优秀的年轻人去爬上一座高山，三人各自有自己的见识，最终老首领选择了最优秀的年轻人成为新的首领。【答案】16 . am leaving/will leave 17. unusually 18.as 19. smilingly 20. where 21. but 22. with 23. hanging 24. a 25. while 【解析】16.am leaving 是现在进行时表示将来，或者用will leave。由文意可知老首领还没有离开人世，所以用将来时。17unusually，不同寻常的。 既然要选新的首领，当然要不寻常。18.as 作为，当地的人把那座高山当做圣地来膜拜。19.smilingly,是副词，微笑地。20.where在此处引导了一个定语从句。21.notbut，不是而是，此句意为：那不是山顶而是山脚。22.with 带有23.hang 悬挂，此处是现在分词做定语。24.a butterfly 一只蝴蝶。句意：你什么都没看到？一只蝴蝶都没看到？25.while 当时候,这里是连词加现在分词的用法。 阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。2019-2020年高三上学期调研考试物理试题 含解析Imagine living in a city made of glass. No, this isnt a fairy tale. If you could grab your diving gear and swim down 650 feet into the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Washington State, you would witness the secret world of glass reefs.The reef youd be looking at is made up of glass sponges(海绵). But how can animals be made of glass? Well, glass is formed from a substance called silica. The sponges use the silica found in ocean waters to build glass structures that will give them shape and support. Be careful! Some of the fragile creatures are up to 200 years old.When sponges die, new ones grow on top of the pile of old ones. Over centuries, a massive and plex reef takes shape. Some sponges look like wrinkled trumpets, while others look like overgrown cauliflower or mushrooms.Dr. Paul Johnson, who discovered the Washington reef in xx, also found other surprises such as bubbles of methane(甲烷) gas flowing out of the seafloor nearby. The methane feeds bacteria, and the bacteria feed the glass sponges.“Its a new ecosystem we know nothing about,” said Dr. Johnson.The reef of yellow and orange glass sponges is crowded with crabs, shrimp, starfish, worms, snails, and rockfish. The glass reef is also a nursery for the babies of many of these creatures and was called a “kindergarten” by scientists.Many animals that live in the reef hang around for a long time, just like the sponges. Rockfish, for example, live for more than 100 years. Scientists are just beginning to study all the species that call the reef home. The Washington coast isnt the only place where a living glass reef has been found. The first was discovered in Hecate Strait off the coast of British Columbia in 1991. Scientists all over the world were stunned to see it. 【文章大意】本文主要讲述了科学家们在海底世界发现的奇观。在海底的礁石中生长着各类生物，他们形成了一个新的生态系统。26. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Man-made cities under the sea B. The world under the seaC. Glass “cities” under the sea D. Creatures under the sea【答案】C【解析】结合本文大意，主要给我们讲述了海底的玻璃城。故选C。27. It can be learned that the glass reef _.A. is made up of a kind of materials called spongesB. is a work of art made by some American scientists C. is a new ecosystem people are not familiar withD. was first discovered off the coast of Washington State 【答案】C【解析】根据文章第五段“Its a new ecosystem we know nothing about,” said Dr. Johnson.可知答案为C。28. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. The sponges must feel soft. B. Silica es from animals body fluid.C. Methane is harmful to glass sponges. D. Glass sponges depend on the bacteria for a living. 【答案】D【解析】根据文章中The methane feeds bacteria, and the bacteria feed the glass sponges可知答案为D。29. Why did scientists call the glass reef a “kindergarten”?A. Because the babies of many sea creatures grow well there.B. Because thousands of children visit it every year.C. Because it is crowded with snails and rockfish, etc.D. Because all the species call the reef home.【答案】A【解析】根据文章中The glass reef is also a nursery for the babies of many of these creatures and was called a “kindergarten” by scientists.可知答案为A。30. What does the underlined word “stunned” in the last paragraph mean?A. Greatly surprised. B. Extremely scared. C. Highly satisfied. D. Very pleased. 【答案】A【解析】结合文意可知当科学家们发现了这些有生命力的礁石的时候会是多么的惊奇。BOne day, Jack threw some papers on my desk. “Whats wrong?” I asked. “Next time you want to change anything, ask me first,” he said, and left. I had made just one small change. But its not that I hadnt been warned. My colleagues had said he was responsible for the resignations of the two previous secretaries. As the weeks went by, I came to look down on Jack.After another of his episodes had left me in tears I stormed into his office. “what?” he said suddenly. “Jack, the way youve been treating me is wrong. Ive never had anyone speak to me that way. As a professional, its wrong for me to allow it to continue,” I said. Jack smiled nervously, “Susan, I make you a promise that I will be a friend. I will treat you as you deserve to be treated, with respect and kindness.” Jack avoided me the rest of the week, and never questioned my work again. I brought cookies to the office one day and left some on his desk. Another day I left a note: ”Hope your day is going great. ” Over the next few weeks, there were no more Jack episodes. One year later I discovered I had breast cancer, and was scared. The statistics were not great for my long-term survival.One day, however, Jack visited me in the hospital and silently handed me a bundle with several bulbs inside. “Tulips(郁金香),” he said. I smiled, not understanding. “If you plant them when you get home, theyll e up next spring. I think you will be there to see them when they e up. Next spring you will see the colours I picked out for you.” Tears clouded my eyes and he left. I have seen those red and white striped（有条纹的） tulips push through the soil every spring for over ten years now. This past September the doctor declared me cured. At a moment when I was praying for just the right word, a man with very few words said all the right things. After all, thats what friends do.【文章大意】本文主要为我们讲述了作者和Jack之间由开始的冲突不断，到后来作者患癌后Jack 对她的鼓励，才发现Jack 是一个真正的朋友。31. Jack became angry that day because_.A. he was feeling unwellB. Susan had failed to keep his office cleanC. he felt Susan changed too much about the papersD. Susan had changed something without his permission【答案】D【解析】根据文章中“Next time you want to change anything, ask me first,” he said, and left. I had made just one small change.可知答案为D。32. Susan stormed into jacks office to tell Jack that_.A. he wasnt worthy of respectB. he should apologize to her right away C. she would treat him the way he treated herD. one should show others respect and kindness【答案】D【解析】Susan 冲到Jack 的办公室是觉得Jack对她太没有礼貌，不尊重她。33. Which of the following describes Susan?A. Moody but firm.B. Shy and demandingC. Confident and friendly.D. Tough and troublesome.【答案】C【解析】A.易怒但倔强；B.害羞且苛求C.自信，友好D.坚韧，爱惹麻烦。根据文意可知答案为C。34. From the passage, we can conclude that_.A. Jack cares about his employeesB. Jack gets along well with his employeesC. Jack is always particular about his workD. Jack doesnt care about the feelings of others【答案】A【解析】结合全文可知Jack 其实是一个关心同事的人。这一点可以从作者生病后Jack 的表现看出。35. We can infer from the passage that_.A. a friend in need is a friend in deedB. a few words can be as meaningful as manyC. a friend who says little must be a good friendD. we must treat disrespectful people with disrespect【答案】B【解析】根据文章中最后一句a man with very few words said all the right things. After all, thats what friends do.可知答案为B。 CThroughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how theyll change America. Rightly so, but selfishly, Im more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American woman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the worlds attention. And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see.Usually, the lives of black women go largely unexamined. The prevailing theory seems to be that were all hot-tempered single mothers who cant keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, black women still cant escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic (酗酒的) mothers.These images have helped define the way all women are viewed, including Michelle Obama. Before she ever gets the chance to mit to a cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhaps most plicated duty may be simple to be herself.It wont be easy. Because few mainstream publications have done in-depth features on regular African-American women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis. For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all.Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans who usually have little interest in the First Lady. Many African-American blogs have written about what theyd like to see Michelle bring to the White Housemainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family. Michelle will have to work to please everyonean impossible task. But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise (沉着), confidence and intelligence will go a long way in changing an image thats been around for far too long.【文章大意】本文大意为：随着奥巴马将要成为美国新一届总统，Michelle 即将成为第一夫人。作为一个黑人妇女Michelle或许会改变人们对传统黑人女性的看法。36. Why does Michelle Obama hold a strong fascination for the author?A) She serves as a role model for African women.B) She possesses many admirable qualities being a First Lady.C) She will present to the world a new image of African-American women.D) She will pay closer attention to the interests of African-American women.【答案】C【解析】Michelle 即将成为美国第一夫人，成为人们聚焦的中心，她将会改变人们对黑人女性的看法，代表着黑人女性的新形象。37. What is the mon stereotype of African-American women according to the author?A) They are victims of violence. B) They are of an inferior violence.C) They use quite a lot of body language. D) They live on charity and social welfare.【答案】B【解析】根据文章第二段The prevailing theory seems to be that were all hot-tempered single mothers who cant keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, black women still cant escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic (酗酒的) mothers内容可知答案为B。38. What do many African-Americans write about in their blogs?A) Whether Michelle can live up to the high expectations of her fans.B) How Michelle should behave as a public figure.C) How proud they are to have a black woman in the White House.D) What Michelle should do as wife and mother in the White House.【答案】D【解析】根据文章最后一段Many African-American blogs have written about what theyd like to see Michelle bring to the White House可知答案为D。39. What does the author say about Michelle Obama as a First Lady?A) However many fans she has, she should remain modest,B) She shouldnt disappoint the African-American munity.C) However hard she tries, she cant expect to please everybody.D) She will give priority to African-American womens concerns.【答案】C【解析】根据文章中Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans who usually have little interest in the First Lady.可知，Michelle成为了第一夫人，她会有很多的支持者，也会受到很多的批评。所以她不可能取悦每个人。40. What do many African-American women hope Michelle Obama will do?A) Help change the prevailing view about black women. B) Help her husband in the task of changing America.C) Outshine previous First Lady.D) Fully display her fine qualities.【答案】A【解析】根据文章倒数第二段Because few mainstream publications have done in-depth features on regular African-American women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis. For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all.作者希望Michelle能改变人们对黑人女性的看法。 DWhen next years crop of high-school graduates arrive at Oxford University in the fall of xx, theyll be joined by a new face; Andrew Hamilton, the 55-year-old provost (教务长) of Yale, wholl bee Oxfords vice-chancellora position equivalent to university president in America.Hamilton isnt the only educator crossing the Atlantic. Schools in France, Egypt, Singapore, etc, have also recently made top-level hires from abroad. Higher education has bee a big and petitive business nowadays, and like so many businesses, its gone global. Yet the talent flow isnt universal. High-level personnel tend to head in only one direction: outward from America.The chief reason is that American schools dont tend to seriously consider looking abroad. For example, when the board of the University of Colorado searched for a new president, it wanted a leader familiar with the state government, a major source of the universitys budget. “We didnt do any global consideration,” says Patricia Hayes, the boards chair. The board ultimately picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-old Colorado businessman and political activist (活动家) who is likely to do well in the main task of modern university presidents: fund-raising. Fund-raising is a distinctively American thing, since U.S. schools rely heavily on donations. The fund-raising ability is largely a product of experience and necessity.Many European universities, meanwhile, are still mostly dependent on government funding. But government support has failed to keep pace with rising student number. The decline in government support has made funding-raising an increasing necessary ability among administrators and has hiring mittees hungry for Americans.In the past few years, prominent schools around the world have joined the trend. In xx, when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale