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,Unit 4 一、知识点 1、give sb sth=give sth to sb 类似的词还有:pass、lend、show、write、send等 buy sb sth=buy sth for sb 类似的词还有:make、draw、cook等 2hundred thousand mi11ion与数字连用不能用复数。 hundreds of、thousands of、mi11ions of中必须用复数。 3、look for寻找find找到、发现 find out指经过观察、探索、调查等弄清楚、弄明白。 discover 指发现那些客观存在而不为人所知的实情。如科学上的重大发现。 4、bring 带来 take 带走 fetch 去并拿来 5、talk to/with sb 同说话。tell 告诉, 分辨，辨别。 speak to sb 同说话，做及物动词，后跟语言。 say 后跟名词、代词及宾语从句做宾语，着重强调说话内容。,6、What if 如果将会怎么样？（引导条件状语从句、疑问句） eg What if she doesnt come? 她要是不来怎么办？ What if your parent dont agree? 如果你的父母不同意怎么办？ What if you should fall sick? 如果你生病了怎么办？ 7、before 引导一个句子，为连词。后跟短语或名词等，则为介词。 8、food 表示食品种类，一种食物时，为可数名词 eg fried foods 油炸食品 break foods 早餐食品 frozen foods 冷冻食品 9、复数名词可表示一类食品（如 dogs） a/an+单数可数名词可表示一类（如 a dog） 10、confident(adj.) confidence(n.) 11、What does/do look like? 问相貌。 Whats like? 问“品质性格”。 12、 give a speech 做演讲 have a speech听演讲 give a report 做报告 have a report 听报告,13、permission (n.) 允许，许可 permit (v.) 允许 14、plenty of 充足的，相当多的。修饰可数或不可数名词，只能用于肯定句。否定、疑问句中用 enough. 15、notin the slightest=notat all 根本不 16、company 公司 一群人，一伙人 陪伴 17、get along (with)=get on (with) 进行，进展 eg The business is getting along very well. 生意进展的很顺利。 How are you getting along with your English study? 你的英语学习进展的怎么样了？ 相处 eg Do you get along with your boss?= Do you and your boss get along? 你跟老板合得来吗？ Im getting along very well with my classmates. 我和同学们相处得很好。,18、would rather than （= would rather than）宁愿，而不愿。 前后连接两个动词原形，否定形式为：would rather not do sth would rather than = prefer to 但prefer to 若连接两个动词，动词应为v-ing 形式。 eg He would rather jog than play football.=He prefers jogging to playing football. would rather 常单独使用，表示“宁愿做” eg He would rather watch TV at home. rather than = instead of 而不是 连接两个并列成分，前后对称。,eg Id prefer to go to in summer rather than in winter. I decided to write rather than telephone. I like going out you rather than with him. She enjoys listening rather than speaking. 19、today、here、there、downstairs、upstairs、above、below做宾语修饰名词，放在名词之后 eg the weather today今天的天气 people here这里的人们the man downstairs楼下的那个男的 the passage below 下面的这段话 20、a little = a bit 修饰形容词、副词 a little = a bit of 修饰不可数名词,21、There is an English speech contest next month 用一般现在时表示将来，表示计划或安排好的动作，或者日历、时刻表的规定内容。 22、the rest 其余的，可指代可数或不可数名词。The other(s) 只能指代可数名词 23、come up with 提出或提出（答案、方法）等。类似于think of. eg How would you come up with this idea? 你怎样想出这个注意的？ My brother is a person who often comes up with good idea.我弟弟是个常常能想出好点子的人 24、offer 提供 offer sb sth 给 offer to sb sth 主动提出干,二、短语 1、give it to charity 把它捐给慈善机构 2、medical research 医学研究 3、What if 如果怎么样？ 4、get nervous 紧张 5、take a big exam 参加大考 6、help with 有助于 7、in public 在公共场合 8、hardly ever 几乎不 9、the whole school 全校 10、without permission 为经许可 11、be(make) friends with 与交朋友 12、ask ones permission 请求的允许 13、introduceto 把介绍给 14、inviteto do 邀请干 15、social situations 社会环境 16、not in the slightest 根本不，一点也不 17、right away 立刻，马上 18、all day 全天 19、be friendly to 对友好 20、at lunch time 在午饭时间 21、a bit shy 有点害羞 22、English speech contest 英语演讲比赛,23、represent the class 代表班级 24、come top 名列第一（前茅） 25、let down 使失望 26、come up with 提出、想出 27、be sure of + n./pron. 28、the rest of the students 其余的学生 be sure to do 相信 29、have a lot of experience (in) doing sth be sure +that 从句 在做某事方面有经验 30、deal with 对付，处理 31、come out 出版 32、give advice on 在方面提出意见、建议 33、by accident 偶然地，无意之中 34、hurry to do sth 匆匆忙忙干 35、an internet friend 网友,三、句子 1、He doesnt know if he should bring a present. 他不知道是否该带礼物。 2、You shouldnt worry about what other people say.你不应该考虑别人说什么。 3、What will you do if you had a million dollars? 如果你有一百万美元，你会干什么？ 4、If I were you, I d take a small present.如果我是你，我会带一个小礼物。 5、Im too tired to do well.我太累了，没考好。 6、Dogs can be a lot of trouble.狗会带来很多麻烦。 7、What are you like? 你是什么样的人？ 8、Id invite him/her to have dinner at my house.我会邀请他（她）到我家吃饭。9、You enjoy the company of other people.你喜欢别人的陪伴。,10、I feel nervous talking in front of many people.我在众人面前讲话时感到紧张。11、She always comes top in the school exams.她在学校的考试中总是名列前茅。 12、She doesnt want to let her friends down.她不愿让朋友失望。 13、If I were you, Ill get out of here.如果我是你，我会离开这里。,虚拟语气,一、词的语气 指我们平常说的说话人说话的口气。（在英语中，语气除了指语调以外，最主要的是通过动词发生变化而表示不同语气） 英语中的语气分为三类： 陈述语气（用于陈述句、疑问句、感叹句） 祈使语气（用于祈使句） 虚拟语气（用于条件状语从句、宾语从句等） 二、虚拟语气 如果所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、建议或是一种实现不了的空想，就用虚拟语气。 三、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法 1、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句 eg If he doesnt hurry up, he will miss the bus.( 真实条件状语) If he was free, he asked me to tell stories.（真实条件状语） If I were you, I would go at once.（非真实条件状语从句） If there was no air, people would die.（非真实条件状语从句）,2、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法及动词形式 表示与现在事实相反的情况 （条件）从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式谓语动词用过去式（be用were）should/would/could/might+动词原形 eg：If I were you, Id take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你） If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道） If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱） If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他在努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：学习不用功）,表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式Had+过去分词Should/would/could/might+have+过去分词eg If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了） If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话）,表示对将来情况的主观推测（可能相反或可能性很小） 从句 were (通常与一个表示 If+主语 did 时间状语连用)其 中 were to do were to do可能性最小 should+动词原形。 例句 If it rained tomorrow our picnic would be put off.万一那天下雨，我们的郊游就推迟。 主句 should/would might do could eg: If he would come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him.,如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈（事实：来的可能性很小） If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了，（事实：不知能否下雪） If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事得始末。,四、虚拟语气的其他用法 1、虚拟语气用在wish 后的宾语从句 a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式 eg: I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实：我根本比不上你) b、表示过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+v-ed eg: I wish I had known the truth of the matter.我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。（事实：原来不知道） c、表示将来难以实现的愿望 谓语动词：should/would + 动词原形 eg: I wish I should have a chance again.很难再有这样的机会了。（事实：很难再有这样的机会了）,虚拟语气用在suggest(建议)、insist(坚持)、demand(要求)、order(命令)等动词后的宾语从句中。 在这种用法中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：“should + 动 词原形”或只用“动词原形”。 如 He suggested He insisted He demand that we (should) take He ordered the teachers advice,
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