2019-2020年高考英语 基础知识练习 形容词和副词的讲解与训练.doc

2019-2020年高考英语 基础知识练习 形容词和副词的讲解与训练形容词和副词 关于形容词与副词，我们需要了解其比较等级、相关修饰语、形容词在句子中的位置、常见形容词与副词的词义辨析及其固定短语和句型等。 知识要点 形容词：表示人或事物的性质, 特征或状态的词；常修饰名词或不定代词。其句法功能，常作定语、表语、宾补，偶尔作状语。例如： This is a little mouse.这是一只小老鼠。（形容词作定语） You look fine. 你显得气色很好。（形容词作表语） He made English easy for us to learn.他使得英语对我们来说学起来很容易。（形容词作宾语补足语）The snake lay on the ground, dead.那条蛇躺在地上，死了。(形容词作状语） 疑难突破形容词的位置 1. 形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况后置：1形容词短语一般后置a girl difficult to deal with 2成对的形容词一般后置a little room pretty and clean3alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等常后置the only person awake4和空间、时间、单位连用时a bridge 50 meters long5以-able, -ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后the best book available, the only solution possible6修饰some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等构成的复合不定代词时nobody absent, everything possible2. 多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序：代词数词性状形容词冠词前的形容词冠词指示代词不定代词代词所有格序数词基数词描绘性大小长短形状新旧温度颜色国籍产地材料质地用途名词allbothsuchtheathisanotheryourthirdnextonefourbeautifulgoodpoorlargeshortsquarenewcoolredblueChineseLondonsilkstonemedical3. 复合形容词的构成：1adv.+现在分词hard-working6数词+名词+edfour-egged2adv.+过去分词well-known7数词+名词one-year3adj.+现在分词funny-looking8名词+过去分词snow-covered4adj.+名词+edwarm-hearted9名词+形容词world-famous5adj.+形容词dark-blue10名词+现在分词easy-going 知识要点 副词 1. 概念：是一种用来修饰动词、形容词或全句，说明时间、地点、程度、方式，表示动作特征、程度或性状等概念的词。例如：Mary walked slowly with her boyfriend John down the river.玛丽和他的男朋友约翰沿着那条小河慢慢地向前踱着步。（副词修饰动词，作方式状语）Although in the cold night, Xiaoming feels very warm for Lipings care.虽然是在这寒冷的夜晚，因为李平的关心小明感到非常温暖。（副词修饰形容词，表示程度）2. 副词种类：1程度副词very, fairly, quite, rather，almost, nearly5关系副词why，when, where2地点副词outside, upwards, above，here, nearby6疑问副词how, where, when, why3方式副词slowly, excitedly, really，hard, quickly, fast7连接副词how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile4时间副词early, finally, once, recently，soon, now8频度副词seldom, never，always, often, frequently 疑难突破1. 形容词和副词的比较等级：级别形式举例比较级一般是在形容词和副词后加-er，多音节和一些双音节词前加more。earlier, smaller, shorter, longer, thinner, taller,more important, more slowly, 等。最高级一般是在形容词和副词后加-est,多音节和一些双音节词前加most。earliest, smallest, shortest, longest, thinnest,nearest, most important, most slowly等。原级不做变化thin, tall, fat, important, slowly, near等。2. 形容词和副词的基本用法：（1）形容词主要用于修饰名词，说明人或事物的性格特征。（2）副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。 注意以下重点句型：比较种类句型举例与一样/ 不一样asas以及not so(as)asTom is not so good a student as Mike is.与一样倍数A+be+倍数+as+原级+as+BOur classroom is three times as large as theirs.The man is twice as old as the girl.比（多/强）倍数A+be+倍数+than+BOur classroom is five times larger than theirs.Your age is twice older than mine.越就越the morethe moreThe harder you work, the more progress you will make. 注意：本身表示“最高程度”的形容词/副词没有最高级和比较级。如： extreme, perfect，favorite, excellent，extremely, perfectly, favouritely, excellently等。1. - Do you think its a good idea to make friends with your students?- , I do. I think its a great idea. A. Really B. ObviouslyC. Actually D. Generally2. It seems that living green is easy and affordable. A small step makes a big difference. A. exactly B. fortunately C. surprisingly D. hardly3. As there is less and less coal and oil, scientists are exploring new ways of making use of _ energy, such as sunlight, wind and water for power and fuel.A. primary B. alternative C. instant D. unique4. The questionnaire takes _ ten to fifteen minutes to plete and can be used along with the assessment interview. A. mainly B. punctually C. approximately D. precisely5. I can be a teacher. Im not a very patient person. A. seldom B. ever C. neverD. always6. Frank put the medicine in the top drawer to make sure it would not be_ to the kids. A. accessible B. relative C. acceptable D. sensitive7. How much she looked without her glasses! A. well B. good C. best D. better8. My uncles house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours , but it is twice _ expensive . A. as B. so C. too D. very9.The children loved their day trip, and they enjoyed the horse ride . A. most B. more C. less D. little10.Im sure that your letter will get attention. They know youre waiting for the reply. A. continued B. immediate C. careful D. general形容词和副词 即学即练 1.C。据上下文义和情景推知“我事实上同意对方的意见”。2.C。考查副词。exactly准确地；fortunately幸运地；surprisingly惊讶地，出乎意料地；hardly几乎不。题干意思是：似乎保护环境是出乎意料的简单可行，小小的行动能带来很大的不同。选C。3.B。 考查形容词。既然石油和煤都越来越少，人们只好使用一些其它可替代这些燃料的东西；alternative 可选择的，可替代的；符合句意。primary“首要的，初期的”，instant“立即的，迅速的”，unique“独特的”均不合题意。4.C。考查副词。句意：问卷大约需要10至15分钟完成。应选择approximately大约地。 mainly主要地；punctually准时地；precisely精确地；均不合题意。5.C。句意为：我绝不会成为一名教师。因为我不是一个很有耐心的人。seldom表示“很少”；ever表示“永远”用在肯定句中；never表示“绝不，从来没有”；always 表示“总是”；只有C合题意。6.A。考查形容词的辨析。句意：佛兰克把要放在抽屉的顶部，确保孩子们碰不到。Be accessible to 为能够接近； be relative to 和有关系； be acceptable to 为所接受 ； be sensitive to 对敏感, 易接受。据句意答案选A。7.D。考查系动词后跟形容词作表语。句意为：没有眼镜她看的多么好？与戴眼镜形成对比。“much +比较级”加强语气。8.A。考查形容词倍数的表达。句意：我叔叔在商业区的房子比我的小得多；但是它的价格却有我的房子两倍的贵。表示倍数的句型是：倍数+as+形容词+as ；这里省略了as mine；故答案选A。9. A。考查副词。句意：儿童们喜欢白天旅游活动；他们最喜欢骑马。most用 作副词“最”。10.B。据句意“你的信会立刻受到关注”。这里(immediate)合语境。