2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解摸底精练（3）.doc

2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解摸底精练（3）阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。(原创)People around the world are remembering Nelson Mandela, South Africas first black president. He died Thursday at the age of 95. South African President Jacob Zuma said, “The nation has lost its greatest son, and our people have lost a father. ”Mandela had been in poor health for several years. He was repeatedly treated in hospital, most recently for a lung infection. He became infected with tuberculosis(肺结核)many years ago while in prison. Nelson Mandela was the main leader in efforts to end white minority rule in South Africa. He spent 27 years in prison for his part in fighting apartheid(种族隔离)the nations policy of discrimination(歧视)against blacks. Many world leaders, past and present, are remembering Nelson Mandela. Frederick W. de Klerk was South Africas last apartheid leader. He freed Mandela from prison in 1990. Later, the two men won the Nobel Peace Prize. Mr. de Klerk said people will remember Mandela for the importance he placed on reconciliation(和解)being able to reach a settlement between conflicting sides. He said their relationship was, in his words, “often stormy”, but he said they were“always able to e together at critical(关键的)moments. ”In the United States, President Barack Obama called Mandela an influential, brave and profoundly good human being. Mr. Obama said Mandela will be remembered for leaving a free South Africa at peace. “I am one of the countless millions who drew inspiration from Nelson Mandelas life. My very first political actionthe first thing I ever did that involved an issue, or a policy, or politicswas a protest against apartheid. I would study his words and his writings. ”In London, British Prime Minister David Cameron called Mandela a true global hero. In his words, a great light has gone out in the world. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了南非前总统曼德拉的去世及世界各国主要领导人对曼德拉的缅怀。1. Which is TRUE about Mandela? A. He seldom received treatment in hospital. B. He died in prison. C. A lung infection caused Mandelas death. D. He died when he was still president. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段He was repeatedly treated in hospital, most recently for a lung infection. 一句可知曼德拉因肺部感染去世。故选C。2. What does the underlined word“stormy”in Para. 6 mean? A. rainyB. fierceC. peacefulD. challenging【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据后句Mr. de Klerk说在关键时刻双方能够联合可知双方的关系有时很激烈。3. What can we learn from the passage? A. Frederick W. de Klerk is still an enemy of Mandela. B. President Barack Obama learned a lot from Nelson Mandelas life. C. Nelson Mandela fought for the independence of South Africa. D. Jacob Zuma called Mandela a true global hero. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“I am one of the countless millions who drew inspiration from Nelson Mandelas life. . . ”部分可知美国总统奥巴马从曼德拉身上学到了许多。4. The passage is most likely a part of. A. an advertisementB. a travel bookletC. a biographyD. a newspaper【解析】选D。文章出处题。本文介绍了曼德拉去世后世界各国举行哀悼的情况, 最可能出自报纸的新闻, 故选D。A项意思是“广告”; B项意思是“旅游手册”; C项意思是“人物传记”。高考英语冲刺阅读理解。请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 “Some of the worst human tragedies happening in the world today go on because we dont really see them. We rarely make eye munication with people who are suffering, so we act sometimes as if the people dont exist” The speaker is Bill Gates，the worlds richest manAt a gathering in Seattle，he is talking not as the Microsoft chairman but as a partner in a strong personal duty. For Gates and his wife，Melinda，making less inequality in global health and domestic education has bee a lifes goal Having set up their foundation(基金会)with close to $29 billion，the Gates are on track to bee historys greatest philanthropists(慈善家). But they do more than just give money out. Experts praise the couple for their wisdom and their ability to gather others:“Even with this great contribution，”says Susan Schwab, president and CEO of the University System of Maryland Foundation,“they know they cant solve these problems alone” Their devotion came from different sourcesFor Melinda，it was a vacation to ZaireWhere she was struck by meeting women in being extremely poorFor Bill，it was reading that millions of children die every year from preventable diseases. “Melinda and I had assumed that if there were medicines and treatments that could save lives, government would be doing everything they could to get them topeople，”Bill said at the World Health Assembly in Geneva. “We couldnt escape the cruel conclusion thatsome lives are seen as worth saving and others are not” From shock came action. They focused on the simple message that one life is worth no more or less than another. Frances Hesselbein, chairman of the non-profit Leader to Leader Institute, says：“Sometimes people give in a very fair way, but there is something about what they are doingthat is the opposite of that. It is very difficult to understand and very personal” Both Gateses read scientific books and travel extensively in developing countries. So far，the Gateses have devoted $9 billion to global health. They share a sense of urgency. “Were not doing enough in developing countries to give out the treatments and practices we know are effective in fighting diseases such as malaria，tuberculosis and HIV，” the couple told USNews1. Which of the following does Bill Gates think is not correct? A. We act sometimes as if the people suffering dont exist B. They cant solve these problems alone C. Some lives are worth saving and others are not D. Government would be doing everything to help people答案解析：答案为C。本题为细节题。本题可用排除法。四个选项之中只有C选项“有些生命值得挽救另外一些生命不值得挽救”是慈善家Bill Gates最不会赞同的观点，故答案为C。2. What does the underlined word “struck” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. hit B. impressed C. attacked D. hurt答案解析：答案为B。本题为词义猜测题。由第四段划线词语的上下文 “For Melinda，it was a vacation to ZaireWhere she was struck by meeting women in being extremely poorFor Bill，it was reading that millions of children die every year from preventable diseases.”可知，Melinda见到的是极其贫穷的妇女，Bill见到的是成千上万的儿童死于疾病，因此“struck”意思最接近B选项“impressed”，意为“给人印象最深刻的”。3. What do we know about the projects supported by Gates Foundation? A. They have had great influence on global health B. They are limited to the areas in Africa C. They only focus on medical treatment D. They are carried out without governments support答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节推理题。由第二段最后一句话 “For Gates and his wife，Melinda，making less inequality in global health and domestic education has bee a lifes goal” 和最后一段第二句话 “So far， the Gateses have devoted $9 billion to global health.”可知，Gates 和他的妻子Melinda对全球的健康作出了巨大贡献，可以推断A选项符合文意。 由最后一段 “Both Gateses read scientific books and travel extensively in developing countries. Were not doing enough in developing countries 可知，B选项错误。由第三段 “But they do more than just give money out. Experts praise the couple for their wisdom and their ability to gather others”可知，C选项错误。由第四段 “ Melinda and I had assumed that if there were medicines and treatments that could save lives, government would be doing everything they could to get them topeople，Bill said at the World Health Assembly in Geneva.”可知，盖茨的基金会有政府的支持，故D选项错误。均不选。4. The passage is intended to_ A. praise Bill and Melinda Gates for their kindness B. raise more money for the foundation C. explain to people how the projects work D. convince more people of helping others答案解析：答案为D。本题考查文章的写作目的。初读文章似乎是在赞扬Gates夫妇的慈善行为，但是如果把握全文的结构，本文的写作目的并非如此。文章第一段引用Bill Gates讲的话：我们无视受难人的存在。第二段指出这些话是Bill Gates在西雅图会议上不是作为微软公司的总裁而是作为一个具有强烈个人责任感的人所讲的话。第三段写到Gates和他的夫人不仅仅捐钱，专家赞扬他们夫妇运用智慧和能力把众人聚集起来为慈善事业作贡献，并引用专家的话来证明他们夫妇尽管贡献非常大，但是他们知道单靠他们的力量并不能解决问题。第四段描写Gates夫妇看到的受难人的景象。第五段则是他们的行动，他们向人们传达出一个“每个生命都平等”的简单信息，并用Frances Hesselbein的话来进一步解释这个信息的真正意义。最后一段Gates夫妇告诉美国新闻他们在发展中国家所作的一切还不够，重申了本文的主旨。总结全文结构：第一、二段是Gates夫妇在做号召工作，因为他们知道自己的力量不够；中间段落讲他们夫妇在哪些方面做了贡献；最后一段对他们的号召工作再次呼应。因此，全文是在用Gates夫妇的例子来号召人们帮助他人。故答案为D。高考英语冲刺阅读理解。请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Identifying which jobs put the most stress on American workers is, in itself, a risky business. Everyone knows, for example, that air-traffic controllers have more than their share of white-knuckle day. But stressful jobs are not equally stressful to all people. Some air-traffic controllers thrive on the flying circus. Their secret, says Suzane Oouellette, a psychologist at the City University of New York, is hardiness, a balance of feeling mitted, challenged and in control in the workplace.Then again, some professions are inarguably tough to take. Doctors, lawyers and police officers routinely top suicide lists. And some jobs are plain dangerous: miners have the highest job-fatality rate in the country. Less extreme but much more widespread are the psychological hazards that result from 10 years of corporate downsizing and having to keep up with the speed and volume of puters. Dr. Rupert. Burtan, a specialist in occupational medicine, says, Many workers have too much dumped on their desks and nor enough time in which to get it all done. That plaint is often made by secretaries, who also make most stressed-out lists.Jobs that attract idealistic types can sour（使人不愉快的） when the work seems to make little meaningful difference. Besides police officers and lawyers, inner-city teachers and journalists often fall into this category. Doctors, interns and nurses can, too, when the waves of the sick seem endless.Why the recent wave exhausts basketball coaches? Sports give them tremendous responsibilities but, ultimately, little control. Coaches can only coach; they cant actually run the plays. But if the team loses, they still get fired. Similarly, waiters and waitresses get stiffed on tips if the cook screws up.But experts say the toughest occupation may still be that of working mom. Many women who are bringing home the bacon are still expected to fry and serve it, too. There really are relatively few couples where child care and domestic work are truly shared, says Harriet Lerner, a psychologist at the Menninger Clinic. Even unemployed husbands do no more than 36percent of the housework. Now thats a study in high stress and high shame.1. The example of air-traffic controllers is given in Para. 1 to show that .A. its not easy to decide which jobs are stressfulB. nobody wants to be an air-traffic controllerC. they can easily succeed in their careerD. their job is the most dangerous one答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节题。文章第一段第一句话 “Identifying which jobs put the most stress on American workers is, in itself, a risky business.”是该段的主题句，因此后面的例子air-traffic controllers就是用来证明第一句话，表明“判断哪种工作压力非常大不容易”，故答案为A。2. The underlined word “it” in Para. 2 refers to .A. the working timeB. the speed of putersC. the amount of workD. the size of puters答案解析：答案为C。本题为词义猜测题。结合划线词语的上下文 “ Many workers have too much dumped on their desks and nor enough time in which to get it all done. That plaint is often made by secretaries, who also make most stressed-out lists.” 可知，办公桌上堆了太多的东西，也没有足够时间去做完，这些抱怨通常来自压力最大的秘书，因此可以推断划线部分的“it”指代的是工作量，故答案为C。3. What makes working mothers have the toughest occupation?A. The housework only.B. The unhappy family life.C. The full-time job.D. Their double roles.答案解析：答案为D。本题为细节题。由最后一段倒数第二句话 “Even unemployed husbands do no more than 36percent of the housework.”可知，甚至是不工作的丈夫所做的家务仅仅只有36%，因此上班的妈妈工作最艰难是因为她们比丈夫承担了双倍的责任（64%），故答案为D。4. It can be inferred from the passage that .A. people often lose interest in their jobsB. people tend to choose wrong professionsC. it is easy to find an ideal job in modern timesD. the ideal jobs can turn stressful as well答案解析：答案为D。本题为推理题。全文围绕工作压力展开论述，因此答案为D。A、B、C都不是文章所讨论的，均不选。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。(xx湖北，C)Weve reached a strangesome would say unusualpoint. While fighting world hunger continues to be the matter of vital importance according to a recent report from the World Health Organization (WHO), more people now die from being overweight, or say, from being extremely fat, than from being underweight. Its the good life thats more likely to kill us these days.Worse, nearly 18 million children under the age of five around the world are estimated to be overweight. Whats going on?We really dont have many excuses for our weight problems. The dangers of the problem have been drilled into us by publichealth campaigns since 2001 and the message is getting throughup to a point.In the 1970s, Finland, for example, had the highest rate of heart disease in the world and being overweight was its main cause. Not any more. A publichealth campaign has greatly reduced the number of heart disease deaths by 80 per cent over the past three decades.Maybe that explains why the percentage of people in Finland taking diet pills doubled between 2001 and xx, and doctors even offer surgery of removing fat inside and change the shape of the body. That has bee a sort of fashion. No wonder it ranks as the worlds most bodyconscious country.We know what we should be doing to lose weightbut actually doing it is another matter. By far the most popular excuse is not taking enough exercise. More than half of us admit we lack willpower.Others blame good food. They say: its just too inviting and it makes them overeat. Still others lay the blame on the Americans, plaining that pounds have piled on thanks to eating too much Americanstyle fast food.Some also blame their parentstheir genes. But unfortunately, the parents are wronged because theyre normal in shape, or rather slim.Its a similar story around the world, although people are relatively unlikely to have tried to lose weight. Parents are eager to see their kids shape up. Do as I saynot as I do.文章大意：本文讲述的是世界上的人们，因为生活变好，而导致的肥胖问题已经成为一个日益严峻的问题，本文深刻剖析了引起肥胖的各种原因，警醒人们要以健康为重。9What is the “strange” point mentioned in the first sentence?AThe good life is a greater risk than the bad life.BStarvation is taking more peoples lives in the world.CWHO report shows peoples unawareness of food safety.DOverweight issue remains unresolved despite WHOs efforts.答案：A推理判断题，第一段主要讲述人们在为了消除世界饥饿问题而大伤脑筋之时，过度肥胖却是另外一个更令人头痛的事情，甚至比饥饿问题更加严峻，因此选A。10Why does the author think that people have no excuse for being overweight?AA lot of effective diet pills are available.BBody image has nothing to do with good food.CThey have been made fully aware of its dangers.DThere are too many overweight people in the world.答案：C细节理解题，根据文章The dangers of the problem have been drilled into us by publichealth campaigns可知，此事已经深入人心。11The example of Finland is used to illustrate _.Athe cause of heart diseaseBthe fashion of body shapingCthe effectiveness of a campaignDthe history of a bodyconscious country答案：C细节理解题，根据文章的Not any more. A publichealth campaign has greatly reduced the number of heart disease deaths by 80 per cent over the past three decades可知，这场运动使得这个问题的解决起了很大的作用，因此选C。12Which would be the best title for the passage?AActions or Excuses? BOverweight or Underweight?CWHO in a Dilemma DNo Longer Dying of Hunger答案：A整体理解题，本文主要论述了人们对于肥胖的各种借口和理由，却没有意识到我们应该采取行动去解决这个问题，由Its a similar story around the world, although people are relatively unlikely to have tried to lose weight. Parents are eager to see their kids shape up可以得出暗示。