2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解训练（5）(II).doc

2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解训练（5）(II)社会文化（阅读理解）由 (xx陕西,C)改编According to sociologists(社会学家),every modern industrial society has some form of social stratification(阶层).Class,power and status are important in deciding peoples rank in society.Class means a persons economic position in society.A monly used classification is lower class,middle class and upper class.While sociologists disagree on how these terms should be exactly defined,they do describe societies like the United States quite well.One study shows that 53% of Americans belong to the lower class,46% the middle class,and 1% the upper class.Interestingly,a surgeon earning $500,000 a year and a bus driver earning$50,000 a year both regard themselves as the middle class!Power refers to the amount of control a person has over other people.Obviously,people in positions of great power (such as governors) exercise(行使)big power,but people who take orders from others have less power.Power and class do not always go hand in hand,however.For example,the governor of a state has great power,but he or she may not belong to a corresponding(相应的)economic class.Generally,however,there is a relationship between power and class.To our knowledge,there arent too many people who arent millionaires in the U.S.Senate!Status is the honor or respect attached to a persons position in society.It can also be affected by power and class,but not necessarily so.For example,a university professor may have a high status but not belong to a high social class or have a lot of power over others.1.What can we learn about “the middle class” from Paragraph 2?()A.People earning $50,000 a year belong to the middle class.B.Nearly half Americans belong to the middle class.C.People generally consider bus drivers as the middle class.D.Sociologists have a clear definition of the middle class.2.According to the text,we know that .A.power and class do not always correspond with each otherB.status refers to a persons economic position in societyC.people with high status have a lot of control over othersD.class is less important in deciding a persons social rank3.Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?()语篇解读:这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在现代工业社会中的阶级、权力以及社会地位的不同含义及相互之间的关系。答案及剖析:1.B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“One study shows that 53% of Americans belong to the lower class,46% the middle class,and 1% the upper class.”可知,将近一半的美国人属于中产阶级。故B项正确。2.A细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Power and class do not always go hand in hand”以及后面所举的例子可知,权力和阶级并不总是一致的。3.A篇章结构题。通读全文可知,文章首先在第一段总述了“Class,power and status are important in deciding peoples rank in society.”然后分别在第二、三、四段说明了class,power以及status的含义及划分,故文章为“总分”结构。故答案为A。【疑难词汇解读】 1.regard sb.as将某人认为是She is widely regarded as the current leaders natural successor.人们普遍认为她是现任领导的当然继承者。2.hand in hand密切关联Wealth and power go hand in hand in most societies.在大多数社会里,财富和权力都是密切相关的。【长难句子分析】 有趣的是,年薪50万美元的外科医生和年薪5万美元的公交车司机都称自己为中产阶级。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。As the thrills of the London xx Olympic Games fade, the focus now is on the xx Olympic Games in Brazil. Over the next two years it hosted the FIFA Confederation Cup in June xx and will host the FIFA World Cup in xx. Brazil has taken steps to increase the economic profits by safeguarding the interests of broadcasters and funders. In xx, the Brazil passed the Brazilian Olympic Act and the so-called World Cup Law in xx, which are designed to fight ambush(隐性)marketing and digital piracy(盗版), and regulate advertising in and around official sporting sites. The Brazilian World Cup Law goes much further in protecting the interests of right owners than Brazils pre-existing legislation(立法)in this area, the so-called Pele Law. For example, the World Cup Law bans anyone but the official broadcaster from using images of events. However, it does permit use for non-mercial purposes. It also requires that FIFA or its local broadcaster provide highlights up to two hours after each match. Other items allow protection of trademarks associated with the event and ban unauthorized association with the events marks. The Pele Law permits, as an information right, both access to sporting sites and the use of images for journalistic purposes. It is, however, unlikely that such an understanding will be gained in relation to the World Cup Law which governs access to and use of images specifically in relation to the FIFA World Cup xx. Although the Brazilian Olympic Act regulates the IP(知识产权)relating to the xx Olympic Games in Rio, it remains silent on broadcasting rights. Whatever the benefits, it seems clear that IP rights in general, and broadcasting rights in particular, will continue to play a key role in bringing in funds. If past experience is anything to go by, Rio xx not only promises new sporting achievements, but also the breaking of new records in terms of profits produced from the sale of broadcasting and other media rights. 【文章大意】文章主要介绍了巴西保护知识产权的World Cup Law和Pele Law。1. The xx Olympics. A. promises to break many recordsB. will experience challenges in fundingC. promises to be the greatest in historyD. will bring great benefits to Brazil【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第一段的Brazil has taken steps to increase the economic profits by safeguarding the interests of broadcasters and funders. 可知, 巴西将会从xx年奥运会中获得经济增长。故选D。2. The World Cup Law and the Pele Law are different in that. A. the former is stricter than the latter in protecting IP rightsB. the World Cup Law allows the media more freedom to use the imagesC. the former applies to advertising while the latter marketingD. the Pele Law bans more unauthorized association with the events marks【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第三段的The Brazilian World Cup Law goes much further in protecting the interests of right owners than Brazils pre-existing legislation in this area, the so-called Pele Law. 以及下文可知, the World Cup Law比the Pele Law在保护知识产权方面更严厉。3. The passage mainly talks about. A. the advances that Brazil has made in hosting sporting eventsB. the efforts that Brazil is making to protect the interests of IP right ownersC. the preparations that Brazil is making for the xx OlympicsD. the challenges that Brazil is facing in investment to fund the sporting events【解析】选B。主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了巴西的保护知识产权的World Cup Law和Pele Law, 这说明了巴西正在在保护知识产权方面做出努力。故选B。4. The writers attitude toward Rio xx is. A. indifferentB. positiveC. negativeD. unclear【解析】选B。观点态度题。根据最后一段的Rio xx not only promises new sporting achievements, but also the breaking of new records in terms of profits produced from the sale of broadcasting and other media rights. 可知, 作者对Rio xx充满希望。故选B。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。Once upon a time, on his way to the Himalayas, was a saint(圣徒). He came across a shallow river he had to cross. Just when he was about to wet his feet, he saw a scorpion(蝎子)helplessly trying to e out of the river. It was almost touching the bank but not enough to gain hold of the ground. The saint saw scorpions struggle and decided to save it. He picked up the scorpion in his right hand with the intention to place it on the dry surface. No sooner did he do that than the scorpion stung and rushed off the hand, landing in the water again. It struggled to e out of water again. The saints body was in pain but his mind, calm. Seeing that the scorpion could lose its life, the saint used left hand this time to lift the scorpion out of water. However, it panicked and stung again. Once again, it sped off the hand and fell in water. He was left with both hands filled with pain. He was not the one to give up either. He tried again. This time, he cupped his hands together and lifted the scorpion in one swift movement. Before it could react, he safely dropped it on the land. The scorpion disappeared into the pebbles that lay near the bank. He felt happy, for he succeeded in carrying out his rescue, for saving another life. It was worth the pain he thought. At a distance, a man, surprised and shocked, had watched the whole process. He approached the saint and said, “Can I ask you a question please? ”“Yes, you may. ”“First of all, there was no need to save a scorpion. It does no good to anybody. Secondly, if you must save it, you could have simply tried once. Im surprised that even after it stung you, you still went on. Why? ”“Oh! Thats pretty simple, ”he replied softly rubbing his stung hands against each other. “This was a scorpion, a creature really low on the food chain, a creature whose nature is to sting(蜇), to panic, to harm. It is supposed to be weak. However, I am supposed to be a saint, a person whose job is to love everybody, to offer love. I am supposed to be the strong one, the one higher up on the food chain. With my principles, my philosophy(人生观)and practice, I am supposed to save other creatures. Right? ”The man nodded. 【文章大意】一个圣徒从河里拯救一只蝎子时, 先后被蜇了两次, 但他仍旧努力把它救了出来。这让一位路人非常不理解。这位圣徒告诉他: 作为一个圣徒, 我的职责是向所有的生命传达爱, 拯救其他的生命是我最大的幸福。1. When a saint saw a scorpion struggling to e out of the river, he. A. was in the shallow riverB. was climbing the HimalayasC. was on the river bankD. had just crossed the river【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第一段可知, 从前, 有一个圣徒, 他徒步行走在前往喜马拉雅山的路上。途经一条小河, 当他正要踏入小河时, 一只挣扎想逃离水面的蝎子映入眼帘。由此可判断出答案为C。2. Why did the scorpion sting and rush off his right hand? A. Because it was full of panic at that time. B. Because it wanted to get to the bank itself. C. Because the saint harmed it badly. D. Because the saint tried to kill it. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中的However, it panicked and stung again. 可知, 当时是因为惊慌失措, 蝎子才对他进行攻击。故答案为A。3. How did the man nearby feel at the saints behaviour of saving the scorpion? A. Happy. B. Angry. C. Frightened. D. Puzzled. 【解析】选D。观点态度题。根据第七段内容: 首先, 拯救一只蝎子是没有必要的, 对谁来说这都是没有好处的。其次, 您救它一次就够了。令人惊讶的是, 即便它蜇了您, 您却仍旧努力去救它。这是为什么? 由此可判断出他对圣徒的行为感到迷惑不解。故答案为D。4. From the passage we can infer. A. the saint regretted having saved the scorpion laterB. the scorpion stung the saint three times in allC. the man thought the saint a fool and left angrilyD. the saint thought it his duty to save other creatures【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段内容: 作为一个圣徒, 我的职责是向所有生命传达爱。我的原则、人生观和生活历练告诉我, 我应该拯救其他的生命。由此可判断出答案为D。