2019-2020年中考英语书面表达专题《事物、事理说明文》.doc

2019-2020年中考英语书面表达专题事物、事理说明文【写法指导】 【题型设置与意图】说明文是一种以说明为主要表达方式的文章体裁。事物、事理说明文用来说明事物、阐明事理。它通过对具体事物的解说，或对抽象事理的阐释，使人们对事物的形态、构造、性质、种类、成因、功能、关系或对事物的概念、特点、来源、演变、异同等有所认识，从而获得相关知识。它的主要特点是具有说明性、知识性、科学性和实用性。常用的说明方法有：列数字、下定义、作比较、举例子、作诠释等。题型设置以介绍某一事物为主，旨在考查学生对事物表述的陈述句的掌握和对事物特点的把握能力，主要采用一般现在时态。 【写作角度与注意事项】写作时主要侧重对事物或事理的描述和解说。可采用的结构类型如下：1分析型：其模式是“总说+分说1+分说2+分说3+分说n”，n是任意自然数，这种类型的说明文先点明主题，即先给出主题句，然后说明细节，提供例证，其特点是先综合后分析，先一般后特殊。在这种模式里，分析居于重要地位。2综合型：其模式是“分说1+分说2+分说3+分说n+总结，先分说后总结是这种类型说明文的基本框架，分说部分的主要思维方式是分析，总结部分的主要思维方式是综合，后者在文章中占主导地位。3分合型：其模式是“总说+分说1+分说2+分说3+分说n+总结”，显而易见，这种类型的说明文是上面第一种(分析型)和第二种(综合型)的综合形式，是分析与综合的辩证关系在文章结构上的反映，其特点是先点明主题(给出主题句)，然后进行分析，提供细节，最后给出总结句。写作时应注意：1抓住事物的特点；2要有一定的写作顺序；3语言要简洁、准确。【写作演示】【真题再现】(xx杭州)请以“My dream”为题写一篇英语作文，供英语课上交流。要求：1短文必须包括三部分内容，需要陈述理由(两条)和方式(三条)； 2表中右栏信息仅供参考，也可自由发挥； 3词数：80左右。 My dream 【写作思路】1中心人称：第一人称2主体时态：一般现在时态，一般将来时态3要点梳理：梦想；原因；实现梦想的方法【语句构建】 引出梦想My dream is to be a is my dream I want to be a介绍原因I am interested in I like I can make friends with the students实现梦想的方式I will study hard I will learn as much knowledge as I can I will find out how successful people did it I will learn from others愿望I hope my dream will e true one day I believe that I can achieve my dream【写作模板】引出介绍的事物：My dream is is my dream I want to tell something about This is my It is aan 希望或愿望：I hope that I believe that【范文展示】 My dreamI want to be a writer when I grow up because I am very interested in writingIt has been a part of my lifeI think writing can share my ideas and make friends with othersTo achieve my dream，I will work hard at school and read as widely as possibleI think that it is also important to find out how successful people did it so that I can learn from themIt is necessary to try to write as often as I canI think that I will hold on to my dream and I believe that my dream will e true one day【名师点评】范文说明了“我”想成为一名作家的梦想，并写明了原因及实现梦想的方式。思路清晰，条理清楚，句式变化丰富。知识清单【实战演练】 (一) 丰富多彩的课外活动(after-class activities)可以充实校园生活，减轻学习压力。同学们还可以在活动中强身健体，在合作中增进友谊。请以“Our after-class activities”为题，写一篇短文，介绍你们学校开展的课外活动以及你本人参加课外活动的情况。要点：1学校开展丰富的课外活动； 2每天活动时间：下午4：205：20； 3最喜爱的活动； 4交到更多朋友； 5从中学到更多东西，身体更健康。参考词汇：要求：1题目已给出，不计入总词数； 2包括所有内容要点，用上所给参考词汇，不要逐句翻译，可以适当发挥； 3语句通顺，语法正确，80词左右； 4文中不得出现真实的姓名、地名和所在学校的名称。Our after-class activities (二)最近，你们学校开展了以“中国梦，我的梦”为主题的活动，作为一名中学生应该有自己的梦想，你的梦想是什么呢?请你以“My dream”为题写一篇英语短文。要求：1描述自己的梦想； 2如何实现这个梦想； 380词左右，可适当发挥； 4文中不得出现真实的姓名、地名和校名等相关信息。 My dream (三) 三年快乐而充实的初中生活结束后，你将进人高中(中职)学校学习。展望未来，你对高中(中职)生活充满期待。请以“I expect my school life”为题，写一篇80词左右的短文。文章的开头已经给出，不计入总词数。 要点：1生活、学习环境(餐厅，图书馆)； 2师生、同学关系； 3生活多彩、学业进步； 4补充一点自己的想法。 注意：文中不得出现真实的姓名和学校名称。 要求：要点齐全，语言通顺，意思连贯，书写规范；可以适当发挥。 参考词汇：get along well with；colorful；knowledge；habit I expect my school life I will study in a high school soonEverything is new to me (四) 上学期间，学校的某些场所一定给你留下了美好的记忆，请以“My favorite place at school”为题，写一篇短文，描述一个你最喜欢的地方，并说明原因。不少于80词。My favorite place at school （五）假设某中学生英文报开展关于计算机与学生生活的征文活动，请你根据下表所提示的要点，以puter in my life为题，用英语为该报写一篇短文，简述计算机在你生活中的用途，并就计算机对你生活的影响谈谈你的感受。用途学习搜集资料；拓展阅读（或自拟内容）交流传递信息；探讨问题（或自拟内容）生活欣赏音乐；购买商品（或自拟内容）其他（请考生自拟一点内容）感受计算机对你生活的影响（请考生自拟一点内容）注意：1.表达中必须包含所给要点，可以适当发挥，不要简单翻译。2.词数90左右，开头已经写好，不计入总词数。3.表达中请勿提及真实校名和姓名。puter in my life The puter has bee an important part of my life. （六） 亲爱的同学， 初中三年的英语学习中， 牛津初中英语教材给我们提供了大量寓教于乐、生动活泼的阅读素材，伴随我们成长。请以“English Textbooks are Good Friends”为题写一篇短文参加学校的英语作文竞赛。reasons for reading English textbooksto learn Englishto open our mindsto make our life more colourfulthings youve learned in English textbooksWonderful things in the worldCultures around the worldyour favourite famous person or place in English textbooks, and the reasons注意事项：1. 90词左右（文章的开头已给出，不计入总词数）；表达清楚，语法正确，上下文连贯； 2. 文中不得出现真实姓名、校名等信息； 3. 文章必须包括表格中所提供的注要信息，并作适当发挥。 English Textbooks are Good FriendsEnglish textbooks play an important part in our study of English. _（七）近几年，微信（ Wechat）变得时尚而受欢迎，给我们的生活带来了很大的影响。请根据以下要点，写一篇以微信（ Wechat）为题的短文，阐述你对微信的看法。内容要点如下：1 过去我们常常写信，发邮件与他人交流，而现在越来越多的人使用微信；2 微信可以发语音，文本信息和图片，视频（video）；3 微信使大家交友更容易，还能快速分享自己的经历；4 但是，也带来一些困扰，视频聊天，不利于学习，微信交友，并不安全.5 你对使用微信的态度。注意：词数在90词左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数，第四，五可作适当发挥。In recent years, Wechat is being fashionable and popular. It has made a difference to ourdaily life._（八）假设你是第一中学的一名学生，3月21日是学校开放日,邀请家长来校听课参观,你作为志愿者参与了开放日活动。请你以“The School Open Day”为题，写一篇90词左右的英文报道。内容提示如下：1. 你带领家长参观美丽的校园，并一同观看了升国旗仪式。2. 家长们听了很多堂课，高度评价老师精湛的教学技能。3. 王芳老师的音乐课有趣而活跃，成功地融合了传统和现代音乐。4. 张阳老师的历史课把抗日战争栩栩如生呈现到课堂上，讲述了七十年前中华儿女如何与日本鬼子勇敢战斗。5. 家长们都感到并希望( 参考词汇：抗日战争the Anti-Japanese War)The School Open Day No. 1 Middle School had a school open day on March 21st. Many parents were invited to our school. I 参考答案 (一) Our after-class activities We have all kinds of after-class activities in our schoo1They are colorfulWe have after-class activities from 4：20 Pm to 5：20 Pmevery dayWe can do sports，play instruments，study English and so onMy favorite activities are swimming and playing ping-pongIm not the best，but Im very happy when I beat my opponentsWe can make more new friendsAnd we can also learn more from each otherRemember that playing sports can keep us healthierI like after-class activities very muchWhat about you? (二) My dream Everyone has his dreamMy dream is to be a doctorWhen I was in Grade Seven，I was sick and often went to see doctorsThe doctors were very friendly to me and they often cheered me upWith the help of them，I was getting betterNow Im very healthySince then I have hoped to bee a doctorIn order to achieve my dream，I Will study hardIll give my 1ove to the patients as much as possible and help them out of danger To be a doctor is really greatI think my dream will e true one day (三) I expect my school life I will study in a high school soonEverything is new to me I hope my school is big and clean with a large dinning roomAnd the library is full of different kinds of booksSo I can read them in my spare rimeI can get along well with my teachers and classmatesI can help my classmates with the trouble they may be inAt the same time，I expect my school life is colorful After class I can listen to music，play chess and basketballTo get more useful knowledge or information，I will surf the InternetI will keep a good eating habitDo exercise often to stay in good spiritsTry my best to make great progress in my studies This is my ideal school life! (四) My favorite place at school Our school has a lot of places that students like to hang out in，such as the playground，puter rooms，art rooms and so onMy favorite place is the library In library，people know how to restrict themselves and behave more politelyIt is a good place for me to read plenty of books and study my own subjectsIm used to hanging out in library after school because I dont have the mood to finish my home work at homeAnd it is a good place for me to meet some friends who have something in mon with me and we can share experience on studies Its really good to have such a quiet place in my school!（五）puter in my life The puter has bee an important part of my life. Usually I use the puter to search for information and do some further reading. With the help of puter，I can get more knowledge easily in my free time. I not only municate with my teachers and classmates by email，but also discuss questions with them online. Whats more，I can enjoy the music online and shopping on the Internet makes my life much easier. Sometimes CD-ROMs help me learn English and make me relaxed. Moreover，I can take part in some kinds of activities online. In a word，the puter is really of great help to me. It brings me a more meaningful and colourful life.（六）English textbooks play an important part in our study of English. They are good materials for us to learn English well. They can not only open our minds but also make our school life colourful. Weve learned many wonderful things in the world in our textbooks, which help us get a better understanding of different cultures around the world and grow into an excellent person. Some famous people weve learned affect us a lot. My favorite one is Audrey Hepburn, a great American successful actress, who devoted much of her time and money to charity. Ive learned a lot from her. （七）In recent years, WeChat is being fashionable and popular. It has made a difference to our daily life. We used to get in touch(municate) with each other by letters and emails, but now more and more people are using WeChat. We can send voice and text messages through WeChat as well as pictures and videos easily. By using it, making friends is being easier. And we can share our life experiences faster. However, there are also some problems. Using WeChat too often is not good for students study. And it is not safe for students to make friends by WeChat . I think WeChat is helpful to us, but we should always be careful. （八） The School Open Day No. 1 Middle School had a school open day on March 21st. Many parents were invited to our school. I showed them around our beautiful school and watched the raising of national flag together. Parents listened to many lessons. They thought highly of teachers excellent teaching skills. The music lesson given by Wang Fang was lively and interesting. She successfully brought traditional music and modern music together. The history lesson given by Zhang Yang brought the Anti-Japanese War alive in class. He told us how Chinese people fought against Japanese bravely 70 years ago. Parents all felt fantastic and were moved by the teachers hard work and personal charm. They hope that they can have more chances to join in different school activities.