2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解练习（4）(IV).doc

2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解练习（4）(IV) 社会生活型阅读理解(二)An “apple polisher” is one who gives gifts to win friendship or special treatment. It is not exactly a bribe(贿赂), but is close to it.All sorts of people are “apple polishers”， including politicians and people in high officesjust about everybody. Oliver Cromwell, the great English leader, offered many gifts to win the support of George Fox and his party, but failed.There are other phrases meaning the same thing as “applepolishing”“softsoaping” or “butteringup”. A gift is just one way to “softsoap” somebody, or to “butter him up”. Another that is just as effective is flattery, giving someone high praisetelling him how good he looks, or how well he speaks, or how talented and wise he is.Endless are the ways of flattery. Who does not love to hear it? Only an unusual man can resist the thrill of being told how wonderful he is. In truth, flattery is good medicine for most of us, who get so little of it.We need it to be more sure of ourselves. It cannot hurt unless we get carried away by it. But if we just lap it up for its good value and nourishment, as a cat laps up milk, then we can still remain true to ourselves.Sometimes, however, flattery will get you nothing from one who has had too much of it. A good example is the famous 12th century legend of King Canute of Denmark and England. The king got tired of listening to endless sickening flattery of his courtiers(朝臣). They overpraised him to the skies, as a man of limitless power.He decided to teach them a lesson. He took them to the seashore and sat down. Then he ordered the waves to stop ing in. The tide was too busy to listen to him. The king was satisfied. This might show his followers how weak his power was and how empty their flattery was.1. Which of the following activities has nothing to do with “applepolishing”？AA boy tells his girlfriend how pretty she looks.BAn employee tells her boss how good he is at management.CA knight is said to be of limitless power by his followers.DA teacher praises her students for their talent and wisdom.2. What does the writer want to prove with Cromwells example?AEverybody can be an “applepolisher”BCromwell was not a good “applepolisher”CGeorge Fox and his party were not “applepolishers”DThere are people who dont like being “applepolished”3. Which of the following statements about flattery is TRUE according to the author?AToo much flattery can carry us away.BFlattery is too empty to do people any good.CFlattery can get you nothing but excessive(过度的) pride.DFlattery is one of the ways to applepolish people.4. Why did King Canute of Denmark and England take his followers to the seashore?ABecause he was sick of his normal life.BBecause he disliked being overpraised any more.CBecause he wanted them to realize how wise he was.DBecause he wanted them to see how weak he was as a king.5. Who does the author think that flattery can do good to?AThose who are politicians or in high offices.BThose who lack confidence.CThose who are really excellent.DThose who think highly of themselves.【参考答案解析】B【要点综述】 本文论述了现代社会存在的一种普遍现象：人们往往为了自己的一点儿利益去送礼或者说一些阿谀奉承的话，而且有时即使这样做了也未必就能实现自己的愿望。1D根据“An apple polisher is one who gives gifts to win friendship or special treatment.”可知选D项。2A根据第二段“All sorts of people are apple polishers， including politicians and people in high officesjust about everybody.Oliver Cromwell, the great English leader, offered many gifts to win the support of George Fox and his party, but failed.”可知高层的领导者都可能是拍马屁的人，可以想象每个人都可能是这种人。故选A项。3D根据第一段“An apple polisher is one who gives gifts to win friendship or special treatment.”和第三段“A gift is just one way to softsoap somebody, or to butter him upAnother that is just as effective is flattery”可知选D项。4B根据第六段“The king got tired of listening to endless sickening flattery of his courtiers(朝臣)”可知国王厌烦了朝臣的阿谀奉承，故选B项。5B根据第四段“In truth, flattery is good medicine for most of us, who get so little of it.”以及第五段“We need it to be more sure of ourselves.It cannot hurt unless we get carried away by it.”可知，阿谀奉承对于缺乏自信的人是有好处的。故选B项。社会生活型阅读理解(二) Some say everyday miracles(奇迹) are predestined(注定的)the right time for the appointed meeting. And it can happen anywhere. 11yearold Kevin Stephen was a bat boy for his younger brothers Little League team in Lancaster, New York. It was an early evening in late July. Kevin was standing on the grass away from the plate, where another youngster was warming up for the next game. Swinging his bat back and forth, giving it all the power an elementary school kid could give, the boy brought the bat back hard and hit Kevin in the chest. His heart stopped. When Kevin fell to the ground, the mother of one of the players rushed out of the stands to his aid. Penny Brown hadnt planned to be there that day, but at the last minute, her shift(换班)at the hospital had been changed to see her sons performance. She was given the night off. Penny bent over the senseless boy, his face already starting to turn blue, and giving CPR, breathing into his mouth and giving chest pressions. And he revived in the end. After his recovery, he became a volunteer junior firefighter, learning some of the emergency firstaid techniques that had saved his life. He studied hard in school and was saving money for college by working as a dishwasher in a local restaurant in his spare time. Kevin, now 18, was working in the kitchen when he heard people screaming, customers in confusion, employees rushing towards a table. He hurried into the main room and saw a woman there, her face turning blue, her hands at her throat. She was choking. Quickly Kevin stepped behind her, wrapped his arms around her and clasped his hands. Then, using skills hed first learned in Scouts. The food that was trapped in the womans throat was freed. The colour began to return to her face. “The food was stuck. I couldnt breathe，” she said. She thought she was dying. “I was very frightened.” Who was the woman? Penny Brown.1. The author wrote the passage to show us that_A. miracles are predestined and they can happen anywhereB. whoever helps you in trouble will get a reward one dayC. God will help those who give others a helping handD. miracles wont e without any difficulty sometimes2. Which of the following statements is TRUE of Kevin Stephen?A. He was hit on the face by a boy and almost lost his life.B. He was a volunteer junior firefighter, teaching the players firstaid skills. C. He worked parttime in a local restaurant to save money for college. D. He saved Penny Brown though he didnt really know how to deal with food choke.3. Why did Penny Brown change her shift and was given the night off that night?A. She was invited to give the players directions.B. She volunteered to give medical services.C. She was a little worried about his sons safety. D. She came to watch her sons game and cheered him. 4. The underlined word “revived”(Paragraph 3) most likely means “_”A. came back to life B. became worse C. failed D. moved5. When Kevin knew the woman was Penny Brown, probably he first felt _A. happy B. surprised C. sad D. worried(二)【要点综述】 文章通过讲述两个人的互救经历来证明“奇迹是注定的，无处不在”这一观点。1A 主旨大意题。文章第一段点明了本文的写作目的：奇迹是注定的，无处不在。下文通过具体讲述两个人的互救经历来证明这一观点。2C 正误判断题。由第四段中“He studied hard in school and was saving money for college by working as a dishwasher in a local restaurant in his spare time.”可知C项表述正确，符合题意。3D 细节理解题。由第三段中“but at the last minute, her shift(换班)at the hospital had been changed to see her sons performance.”可知Penny Brown是为了看她儿子的比赛，为他加油，才换了班。4A 词义猜测题。由前面的句子“Penny bent over the senseless boy”和下一段的“After his recovery”可以推出revive的意思为“苏醒，醒了过来”。5B推理判断题。当Kevin知道Penny Brown正是七年前挽救他生命的那个人时， 他的第一感觉应该是“惊讶，意想不到”；再结合本文的写作目的：奇迹无处不在，可以推出B项为正确答案。社会生活型阅读理解(二) People turn to magic(魔力)chiefly as a form of insurancethat is, they use it along with actions that actually bring results. For example, hunters may use a hunting charm(咒语). But they also use their hunting skills and knowledge of animals. The charm may give hunters the extra confidence they need to hunt even more successfully than they would without it. If they shoot a lot of game(猎物), they credit the charm for their success. Many events happen naturally without magic. Crops grow without it, and sick people get well without it. But if people use magic to bring a good harvest or to cure a patient, they may believe the magic was responsible. People also tend to forget magics failures and to be impressed by its surface successes. They may consider magic successful if it appears to work only 10 percent of the time. Even when magic fails, people often explain the failure without doubting the power of the magic. They may say that the magician made a mistake in reciting the spell or that another magician cast a more powerful spell against the magician. Many anthropologists(人类学家) believe that people have faith in magic because they feel a need to believe in it. People may turn to magic to reduce their fear and uncertainty if they feel they have no control over the oute of a situation. For example, farmers use knowledge and skill when they plant their fields. But they know that weather, insects, or diseases might ruin the crops. So farmers in some societies may also plant a charm or perform a magic rite to ensure a good harvest.1. From the passage, we can learn that the writer of the passage may be _A. a hunter B. a farmer C. a magician D. an anthropologist2. Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?A. Magic and Hunting B. Magic and FarmingC. Why Magic Works? D. Why People Believe in Magic?3. The underlined word “spell”(Paragraph 2) most probably means “_”. A. magic words B. magic events C. words or expressions D. magicians4. People believe in magic because_A. magic powers are greater than natural powersB. magic can turn dreams into realityC. they are not sure of themselves D. magic can bring good results 5. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A. Even though magic fails, believers in magic will explain the reason.B. Believers in magic usually overstate the power of magic.C. People use magic to reduce their uncertainty and give them extra confidence.D. Magic can solve problems people cant deal with in a natural way.(三)【要点综述】 为什么有些人相信魔法咒语呢？魔法咒语真的灵验吗？这些人相信魔法咒语是因为他们缺乏自信。作者以人类学家的科学眼光分析了这种社会现象。1D2D 主旨大意题。全文主要介绍了人们为什么相信咒语。3A 词义猜测题。同形异义词需要根据上下文语境来确定其具体意义，不可受原先所熟悉词义的约束。文中第二段的“spell”与“拼写”无关，而是指“咒语”可知。4C 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，人们相信魔法咒语是因为人们需要相信它。当人们无法控制情况的后果时，就可能转向寻求魔法咒语来减轻自己的恐惧或不安，也就是人们缺乏自信。5D 正误判断题。D项意思为：咒语可以解决人们用自然的方式不能解决的问题。由文章内容可知，咒语只是人们解决问题时的一种寄托和心理安慰，并不能真正地帮助人们解决问题，故D项表述错误。其他三项均可从文中找到相应的依据。Over 70 per cent of the “double singlechild couples” in China need help from their parents in taking care of their own kids, according to a recent survey.Women of China magazine and a consulting pany carried out a survey recently on young couples of the “singlechild” generation, the Morning Post reports. The couples surveyed were around 29 and have been married for three years on average, with university education and monthly ine of 4，000 yuan ($531). Among them, 43.5 per cent have kids.Results show that 71.9 per cent of the young couples have help from their parents in taking care of their kids.Grown up as the “singlechild”， the only child in a family since the family planning policy which was adopted in 1979, this generation depends much on their parents.The parents of the “singlechild” generation focused more on their childrens physical wellbeing rather than their attitudes and values, according to some psychologists. The research also found that the “double singlechild couples” follow a rather traditional value system.Survey shows that 27.5 per cent of them got married after dating for one to two years, 25.2 per cent two to five years, and 20 per cent didnt tie the knot until dating for five years. Also, 30 per cent of the couples were schoolmates, while 43.8 per cent were introduced by someone.Since their marriage is based on enduring relationships, 65.2 per cent of the husbands and 62.9 per cent of the wives think that promise(妥协)and tolerance(宽容) are necessary in their marriage. Meanwhile, 21.7 per cent of the husbands and 37.1 per cent of the wives support the idea that happiness is the key standard for a marriage.1. The best title for the passage should be “_”AMum and Dad, take care of my kid pleaseBDouble singlechild couplesCThe problem of the single childDA recent survey by Women of China2. Which of the following is NOT supported by the passage?AThe majority of the “double singlechild couples” in China depend much on their parents.BThe parents of the “singlechild” generation cared more about their study and education.COnefifth of the couples surveyed didnt get married until dating for five years.DAll the couples surveyed have university education and 30 per cent of them were schoolmates.3. Which of the following descriptions about “double singlechild couples” is TRUE?AThey are single children in either family and they are independent on their parents.BThey are single children in either family and they are dependent on their parents.CThey have at least two children and can afford to support themselves.DThey, who were introduced by someone, follow a rather traditional value system. 4. The traditional value system mentioned in the passage refers that_Aparents are concerned about their childrens physical life as well as the spiritual lifeBmost couples were introduced by someone and made dating for a long timeConce begun, “double singlechild couples” marriage will last foreverDthe couples think that promise and tolerance are necessary in their marriage5. According to the passage, we can learn that _ is necessary in a marriage.AwealthBhealthCunderstandingDeducation【参考答案解析】C【要点综述】 本文主要介绍了让父母照顾孩子的社会现象。1A文章首段就点明了文章的论点很多独生子女让父母为他们照顾孩子。下文就围绕这一论点展开具体论述。2B从文章第五段可知这些独生子女的父母更多地关心他们的物质生活，而不是他们的态度和价值观，这里的态度和价值观当然包括他们的学习观和教育观，故B项表述错误，符合题意。其他选项文中均有表述。3B文章第四段提到他们都是独生子女，并且很依赖他们的父母。4D由文章最后一段可知，传统价值观念包括：夫妇双方都要有一定的妥协和容忍。由第五段可以排除A项； 由第七段可以排除B项； C项文中没有提到。5C由最后一段 “65.2 per cent of the husbands and 62.9 per cent of the wives think that promise(妥协) and tolerance(宽容) are necessary in their marriage.”中的promise和tolerance可知C项为正确答案。A、B、D三项文中也有涉及，但都不是最准确的。