2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解 历史类选练（2）.doc

2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解 历史类选练（2）xx高考英语阅读理解-历史类 In the past, if a person wanted to see the national treasures of a country, one had to go there in personTherefore, very few people were able to enjoy some of historys most important and interesting artifacts (手工艺品)This has changed with an increase in the number of traveling museum exhibitions King Tutankhamen Artifacts A traveling exhibition of artifacts from the tomb of King Tutankhamen, popularly known as “King Tut”, toured the United States from November 1976 to April 1979The 55 objects were shown in six cities and were seen by around eight million museum-goersThe second touring exhibit was started in xx, this s antime with 130 artifactd stops in London and three different American citiesHowever some objects, like the kings golden face mask, are too valuable or too delicate to be transported long distances, so “replicas” (exact copies of something) are on show Japanese Color Woodblock Prints The Art Museum at University of Virginia, in Charlottesville, Virginia, has an extraordinary collection of Japanese color woodblock prints (木刻版画)These prints document the period from about 1850 to 1900, a time when Japan was opening itself to Western influencesBefore this point, Japan was a closed society that had little munication with the world outside of its bordersThese works of art beautifully show the feeling of change and the trend toward modernizationThe museum has put together a traveling exhibition of 60 of these prints, which can be borrowed and exhibited worldwide for periods of eight weeks or moreFace-to-face with “Lucy” One of the worlds most famous archaeological (考古学的) finds in history are the 32 million-year-old bones of a 106-centimeter-tall female found in the Ethiopian desert in 1974Lucy, a name given to her by the discovery team, is a “hominid”, or a creature that scientists believe is the earliest ancestor of modern human beingsRarely is an artifact this valuable allowed to travel widely, but Lucy has been taken to several museums in the USwhile a detailed replica remains at the Ethiopian Natural History Museum 【小题1】What do we learn about King Tutankhamens artifacts? AThe artifacts were shown in London firstBThe artifacts were on show in the United States onceCThe second touring exhibit showed more artifacts than the first oneDThe kings golden face mask was also shown in the traveling exhibitions【小题2】What do the Japanese woodblock prints show about the society from 1850 to 1900? AJapan had little munication with other countriesBThe whole country refused changes in the societyCJapan was opening itself up to Western ideasDJapan achieved modernization【小题3】Who is Lucy according to the passage? AAn archaeologistBThe ancestor of modern human beingsCA 106-centimeter-tall female who died in 1974DThe first woman who visited the Ethiopian desert xx高考英语阅读理解-历史类In 1947 a group of famous people from the art world headed by an Austrian conductor decided to hold an international festival of music, dance and theatre in Edinburgh. The idea was to reunite Europe after the Second World War. It quickly attracted famous names such as Alec Guinness, Richard Button, Dame Margot Fonteyn and Marlene Dietrich as well as the big symphony orchestras(交响乐团). It became fixed event every August and now attracts 400,000 people yearly. At the Same time, the “Fringe” appeared as a challenge to the official festival. Eight theatre groups turned up uninvited in1947, in the belief that everyone should have the right to perform, and they did so in a public house disused for years. Soon, groups of students firstly from Edinburgh University, and later from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, Durham and Birmingham were making the journey to the Scottish capital each summer to perform theatre by little-known writers of plays in small church halls to the people of Edinburgh.Today the “Fringe”, once less recognized, has far outgrown the festival with around 1,500 performances of theatre, music and dance on every one of the 21 days it lasts. And yet as early as 1959, with only 19 theatre groups performing, some said it was getting too big. A paid administrator was first employed only in 1971, and today there are eight administrators working all year round and the number rises to 150 during August itself. In 2004 there were 200 places housing 1,695 shows by over 600 different groups from 50 different countries. More than 1.25 million tickets were sold.【小题1】What was the purpose of Edinburgh Festival at the beginning? ATo bring Europe together again.BTo honor heroes of World War II.CTo introduce young theatre groups.DTo attract great artists from Europe.【小题2】Why did some uninvited theatre groups e to Edinburgh in 1947? AThey owned a public house there.BThey came to take up a challenge.CThey thought they were also famous.DThey wanted to take part in the festival.【小题3】Who joined the “Fringe” after it appeared? APopular writers.BUniversity students.CArtists from around the world.DPerformers of music and dance.【小题4】We may learn from the text that Edinburgh Festival . Ahas bee a non-official eventBhas gone beyond an art festivalCgives shows all year roundDkeeps growing rapidly 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。Suppose you are a visitor in the land of Mongolia（蒙古）, some friends ask you to eat with them. What kind of manners do they want you to have? They want you to give a loud burp（打饱嗝儿）after you finish eating. Burping would show that you like your food. In some countries, if you give a big burp, you are told to say “Excuse me, please”.In many places people like to eat together. But in some parts of Polynesia it is bad manners to be seen eating at all. People show their good manners by turning their backs on others while they eat.What are manners like in an East African town? The people try not to see you. They are being polite. You may see a friend. He may not see you at all. If you are polite, you will sit down beside him. You will wait until he finishes what he is doing. Then he will talk to you. Manners are different all over the world. But it is good to know that all manners begin in the same way. People need ways to show that they want to be friends.1. In Mongolia, burping is a way of showing that _. A . you are impolite B . you enjoyed the meal prepared by the host C . your meal was not enough D . you are friendly with your host2. However, in some countries, if you give a big burp, you are told to say “_” A . Im full B . Im sorry C . I have had enough D . Excuse me, please3. In Polynesia, to be polite while eating you should _. A . eat quickly B . sit still C . turn your back on others D . say “Be quick, please”4. People in an East African town are being polite by _. A . waiting for a long time before visits B . sitting down beside others C . seeing a friend quickly D . trying not to see you5. We have good manners to show that we _. A . are different from other people B . dont want other people to worry us C . begin all manners in the same way D . want to be friends with other people【参考答案】15、BDCDD 阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Medical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they cure. One solution to this problem is to put the drugs inside a capsule, protecting them from the bodyand the body from themuntil they can be released at just the right spot. There are lots of ways to trigger (引发) this release，including changing temperature, acidity, and so on. But triggers can e with their own risksburns, for example. Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining nearinfrared light (NIR, 近红外线) on the drug in the capsule.The idea of using light to liberate the drug in the capsule isnt new. Researchers around the globe have developed polymers (聚合物) and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb either ultraviolet (UV, 紫外线) or visible light. But tissues also readily absorb UV and visible light, which means the drug release can be triggered only near the skin, where the light can reach the capsule. NIR light largely passes through tissues, so researchers have tried to use it as a trigger. But few pounds (化合物) absorb NIR well and go through chemical changes. That changed last year when Adah Almutairi, a chemist at the University of California, San Diego, reported that she and her colleagues had designed a polymer that breaks down when it absorbs NIR light. Their polymer used a mercially available NIRabsorbing group called onitrobenzyl (ONB). When they catch the light, ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown. But ONB is only a soso NIR absorber, and it could be poisonous to cells when it separates from the polymer.So Almutairi and her colleagues reported creating a new material for capsules thats even better. This one consists of a long chain of pounds called cresol groups linked in a polymer. Cresol contains reactive (易反应的) ponents that make it highly unstable in its polymeric form, a feature Almutairi and her colleagues use to their advantage. After polymerizing the cresols, they cap each reactive ponent with a lightabsorbing pound called Bhc. When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains. Shining additional light continues this breakdown, potentially releasing any drugs in the capsule. Whats more, Almutairi says, Bhc is 10 times better at absorbing NIR than is ONB and is not poisonous to cells.1. According to the passage, which of the following could be the best trigger?A. Temperature change. B. NIR light. C. Acidity change. D. UV light.2. Why is ONB unsatisfactory?A. It breaks down when it absorbs NIR light.B. It falls off the polymer and triggers drug release.C. It has not e onto the market up till now.D. It is not effective enough and could be poisonous.3. Which word can be used to plete the following process of changes?A. protected B. formed C. exposed D. bined【要点综述】这是一篇科技文。怎样使用胶囊？如何让吃药更加安全、疗效更好？文章对此做了介绍。1. B信息理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining nearinfrared light (NIR，近红外线) on the drug in the capsule.”可知答案。2. D推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown.”和“and it could be poisonous to cells”可知答案。3. C信息理解题。根据最后一段第五句“When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains.”可知此处用exposed，即C项正确。阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Do you know how it is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too? Or how hard it is to be among people laughing and not laugh yourself? Well, apparently its because we have mirror neurons (神经元) in our brains. Put simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else do something, our brains imitate (模仿) it, whether or not we actually perform the same action. This explains a great deal about how we learn to smile, talk, walk, dance or play sports. But the idea goes further: mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions, they also tell us that there is a biological basis for the way we understand other people. Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains, but especially in the areas which relate to our ability to use languages, and to understand how other people feel. Researchers have found that mirror neurons relate strongly to language. A group of researchers discovered that if they gave people sentences to listen to (for example: “The hand took hold of the ball”) , the same mirror neurons weretriggered as when the action was actually performed (in this example, actually taking hold of a ball) . Any problems with mirror neurons may well result in problems with behavior. Much research suggests that people with social and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which are not fully functioning. However, it is not yet known exactly how these discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders. Research into mirror neurons seems to provide us with ever more information concerning how humans behave and interact (互动) . Indeed, it may turn out to be the equivalent (相等物) for neuroscience of what Einsteins theory of relativity was for physics. And the next time you feel the urge to cough in the cinema when someone else doeswell, perhaps youll understand why. 1. Mirror neurons can explain.A. why we cry when we are hurtB. why we cough when we suffer from a coldC. why we smile when we see someone else smileD. why we yawn when we see someone else stay up late2. The underlined word“triggered”in the third paragraph probably means“”.A. set off B. cut offC. built up D. broken up3. We can learn from the passage that mirror neurons.A. relate to human behavior and interactionB. control human physical actions and feelingsC. result in bad behavior and social disordersD. determine our knowledge and language abilities4. What is the passage mainly about? A. Ways to find mirror neurons. B. Problems of mirror neurons. C. Existence of mirror neurons. D. Functions of mirror neurons. 【参考答案】14、CAAD