2019-2020年高三英语一轮总复习专题2.2TheOlympicGames词汇短语含解析.doc

2019-2020年高三英语一轮总复习专题2.2TheOlympicGames词汇短语含解析【学以致用】一、重点词汇细解1pete vi. 比赛；竞争（教材原句）How many countries peted in the ancient Olympic Games?有多少国家参加古代奥运会？【归纳拓展】pete for 为而竞争pete in 参加比赛pete to do sth. 竞争做某事pete with/against 与竞争petition n. 竞争 attend a petition 参加竞赛petitor n. 参赛者petitive adj. 竞争的；有竞争性的 （1）Runners from many countries are the international prize.来自许多国家的赛跑运动员正在为获得这项国际奖而竞争。（2）The firm is too small to large international panies.这个公司太小，不能与跨国大公司竞争。（3）There is now intense (pete) between schools to attract students.现在学校之间为了招揽学生展开了激烈竞争。【语境助记】As the youngest petitor，I had to pete in the writing contest against/with 20 other top students for the writing award.I must be very petitive to be the winner.作为最年轻的比赛者，我必须和另外20个顶尖的学生在写作比赛中竞争以获得这次写作奖。要成为获胜者，我必须有很强的竞争力。2admit vt.&vi. (admitted; admitted) 容许；承认；接纳（教材原句）Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as petitors.只有达到他们各自项目统一标准的运动员才会被接受参加奥运会。【归纳拓展】admit(to)sth.承认(事实、过错等)admit (to) doing(having done)/thatclause承认某事/(已经)做了某事It is admitted that. 人们公认admit sb./sth. to be /as承认某人/某物是；接纳某人为.admit sb. to/into.准许某人进入(或加入)be admitted to/into.被录取；成为的一员 （1）You must _ the task _ difficult.你必须承认这项任务是艰巨的。（2）He _ the bicycle. 他承认偷了自行车。（3）The ticket will _ three persons _ the concert.这张票可允许三个人参加音乐会。（4）_ the plan is unreasonable.普遍认为这个计划不合理。 3replace vt. 取代；替换；把放回原处(教材原句)So even the olive wreath has been replaced!就连橄榄枝花冠也被取代了！【归纳拓展】replace A with/by B用B替换Areplace take the place of sb./sth.取代某人/某物in place ofin ones place 代替take ones placetake the place of 代替instead of 代替；而不是（1）I replaced the old tools new ones.我用新工具来替换旧的。（2）In place our advertised programme, well be showing Hollywood Adventures.我们将放映横冲直撞好莱坞来代替广告节目。【答案】（1）with/by（2）of4charge vt. & vi.收费；控诉；充电 n费用；主管charge sb. with (doing) sth. 使某人承担责任；控告/指责某人做某事charge sb. money for (doing) sth. 向某人索价多少钱做什么sb. in charge of 某人主管（负责）某事 sth.in the charge of = in ones charge某物由某人负责（掌管） take charge of主管，负责 sth. be in (under) ones charge be in (under) the charge of sb.某事由某人负责/掌管be on charge 在充电charge a battery 给电池充电free of charge 免费（1）The pany is when the boss is away.当老板不在的时候由汤姆负责公司业务。（2）Who will the pany after the manager retires?经理退休后谁会掌管这家公司？（3）As long as youve paid in advance，we wont delivery.只要你预先付款，我们就不收你送货费【明辨异同】blame、accuse、charge这组动词都有“责怪”、“指责”、“指控”的意思，容易混淆，使用时要特别注意其结构不同。（1）blame“责怪”、“指责”、“归咎于”，指由于错误、过失而指责别人，侧重指对产生的不良后果负有责任。常见结构有：beto blame for sth.；to blame sb. for sth.；to blame sth. on sb.（2）accuse“指责”、“指控”，语气比blame 强，指指责或指控某人的过错或罪行，可用于一般意义上的指责或责难，也可用于法律意义上的指控或控告。常用结构： accusesb of (doing)sth.；或 be accused of 。（3）charge“指责”；“指控”、“控告”。用法同accuse，语气比accuse强，多指较严重的错误或罪行，而且往往向法庭提出正式起诉。常用结构是：charge sb. with sth.（1）It would be unfair to him all this, as many seem to be doing now. 现在好像很多人把这一切都归咎于他，这是不公平的。学%（2）Her assistantwas theft and fraud by the police. 她的助手被警方指控犯有盗窃和欺诈罪（3）He is brought to the court and forgery and fraud. 他被带到法庭并被指控犯有欺诈和伪造文书罪。 5. advertise vt.& vi.做广告，宣传，公告(教材原句P13)Now you are asked to make a poster to advertise a sporting event.现在要求你制作一张海报，发布一项体育赛事。【归纳拓展】advertise for sb./sth.为征求而登广告advertisement n. 广告ad.(缩写)put/place an advertisement in a newspaper 在报纸上发布广告answer an advertisement 应征广告an advertisement for sth. 一则的广告advertiser n. 广告商（1）Im interested in the job you in yesterdays newspaper.我对你们在昨天的报纸招聘广告中的职位感兴趣。（2）We advertised staff in a local newspaper.我们在一家地方报纸上刊登了招聘广告。（3）Miss Parrish recently put an (advertise) in the local newspaper.帕里什小姐最近在当地报纸上登出了一则广告。【答案】（1）advertised（2）for （3）advertisement【语境助记】An advertiser who wants to put an advertisement on the Internet said his advertising has advantage over others.一位想在网上登广告的广告商说他的广告比别人有优势。6bargain vi. 议价；讨价还价；谈判 n. 成交的商品；廉价货（教材原句）Her father said that she must marry，so Atalanta made a bargain with him.她的父亲说她必须结婚，于是亚特兰大就和她的父亲达成了一个协议。【归纳拓展】bargain with sb. about/over/for sth. 与某人协商某事make/ strike a bargain (with sb.) （与某人）达成协议，做成交易a good/bad bargain 买得合算/不合算a bargain price (a low price) 廉价Thats a bargin. 就这样说定。 (1) We the price. 我们同她讨价还价。(2) He _ his wife，“You cook and I will wash up.”他和妻子达成协议：“你做饭，我洗餐具。” 7deserve vi.&vt. 应受(报答或惩罚)；值得（教材原句）Do you think Hippomenes deserved to win the race?你认为希波墨涅斯应该赢得这场比赛吗？【归纳拓展】deserve sth. 应该得到；值得deserve consideration/attention/praise值得考虑/注意/表扬deserve to do sth. 应该做（值得做）某事deserve doing/to be done值得被做【名师点津】deserve后跟v.ing的主动形式表示被动意义，等于接动词不定式的被动形式，即deserve doingdeserve to be done（有同样用法的动词还有：need，want，require）。 （1）Since he had broken the rule，he deserved _ (punish)因为他违背了规定，他应受惩罚。（2）He has worked very hard and deserves the exam.他学习很努力，应该能通过考试。（3）He for his good job in the pany.由于在公司中的优秀表现，他应该受到表扬。【注意】(1)deserve 不用于进行时态。(2)deserved adj. 应得的。如：deserved punishment/reward/praise 应得的惩罚报酬/赞美。(3)deserving adj. 有功的，值得的。如：be deserving of smypathy 值得同情。学%二、核心短语回顾1. take part in 参加；参与（教材原句）Who could not take part in the ancient Olympic Games?谁不能参加古代奥运会比赛呢？【归纳拓展】play a part in在中扮演角色；在中起作用take part 参加(不跟宾语)take an active part in 积极参加（1）Generally speaking，boys sports.一般来说，男孩子积极参加体育活动。（2）Grey was too sick to .格雷病得太重，没法参加。【答案】（1）take an active part in （2）take part【明辨异同】take part in指参加有组织的、严肃的、重大的活动join in指参加正在进行着的活动或游戏等，有时可与take part in换用join指参加团体、党派和组织，成为其中的一个成员，也可用于join sb.in(doing)sth.(与某人一起做某事)attend相当于be present at，意为“出席；参加”。后常跟meeting，wedding(婚礼)，lecture，school，funeral(葬礼)等。不强调参加者在其中的作用选词填空（3）All the League members the meeting, at which ten students the League.（4）All the family me wishing you a happy future.（5）Boys and girls，all of you should go to the lecture this afternoon.（6）John the sports meeting yesterday. 2stand for代表；象征；倡导，支持；容忍，接受（教材原句）What do the five rings on the Olympic flag stand for?奥运会会旗上的五环代表什么？写出下列stand for的意思。（1）Pine trees stand for courage and strength._（2）We stand for fair petition in the Olympic Games._ _（3）No one can stand for the way he speaks to his mother._【答案】（1）代表，象征（2）倡导，支持（3）容忍【归纳拓展】stand by 袖手旁观；站在一边，支持stand out 显眼；引人注目stand up 起立；站得住脚3.as well 也；又；还（教材原句）For each Olympics，a special village is built for them to live in，a main reception building，several stadiums for petitions，and a gymnasium as well.每届奥运会都有一个特殊的村庄(奥运村)供参赛的人住，一个主要的接待大楼，好几个供比赛用的体育场，还有一个室内体育馆。【归纳拓展】as well 相当于too和 also，用于肯定句中，表示“也，又，而且”，用于句尾。may/might as well 表示委婉的建议，一般是针对当时的情况提出另外的提议。意思是“我们不妨，我们还是吧”。as well as用做连词，连接两个相当的成分，如名词、形容词、介词、动词等，通常不位于句首。此时 as well as强调的重点在前面，不在后面。连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数与前一个主语保持一致。as well as做介词，相当于 besides, in addition to，意为“除之外”，后接名词、代词、动名词。as well as表示比较，意为“和一样好”。（1）Im going to London and my sisters going _.我要去伦敦，我的妹妹也要去。（2）If youre going to the library, I _ go with you; I have to return this book.w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m如果你去图书馆，我不妨和你一起去，我得去还这本书。（3）He was kind _ sensible.他厚道又明白事理。【注意】（1）和as well as的用法一样，连接主语时，谓语动词和前面的主语保持一致的词或短语还有：with, along with, together with, but, besides, rather than等。如：Mr Brown together with his wife and three children has been in China for three years.布朗先生跟他的妻子和三个孩子已经来中国三年了。（2）not only.but also.可连接各种结构，包括句子，但强调的重点在后面，连接主语时，谓语动词的数与后面的主语一致。如：Not only he but also we are fond of the song.不仅是他，我们也喜欢这首歌。4. pick up 拾起；捡起；(偶然、意外地)获得；学会；(用车)接；搭载；(精神、健康等的)好转；改善；接收(信号等)(教材原句) When she stops to pick it up，you will be able to run past her and win.当她停下来捡苹果时，你就可以超过她从而获得胜利。一词多义 写出下列句中pick up 的含义。（1）He has picked up slowly since he came out of hospital. （2）He picked up his hat and went away. （3）With my new radio I can pick up stations all over Europe. （4）She soon picked up French when she went to live in France. （5）They said theyd pick us up at 8：00 but they never came！ 【归纳拓展】pick out 挑选出；辨认出pick on 挑剔pick off 摘下；取走（6）My father helped me a new book.我父亲帮我选了一本新书。（7）We had to pick the fruit from the tree.我们必须从树上摘下果实。【答案】（1）pick out （2）off