2019-2020年高考英语短文理解学案（7）.doc

2019-2020年高考英语短文理解学案（7）阅读理解由于题材非常广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等；体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、应用文等特点，往往是考试中的难题。那么，如何做好阅读理解呢如何在平时的训练中做到心里有数，稳扎稳打的作练习；有目的、有方向的训练自己的不足之处。阅读的提高是一个中长期的训练过程，如何在第一步就领先一步呢？如何做好自己的计划和安排呢？是否真的有一些实用的技巧和方法呢？让我们来看看，到底要怎样做！第一、是要排除心理障碍，不要因为自身词汇量小，阅读文章中有较多的“拦路虎”，而对之望而生畏，造成紧张心理，导致越读越慌，越慌越难的窘境，从而影响正常的答题。对于阅读文章中的生词问题，我在后面会详细谈一下。第二、忌不带问题阅读。要先看题干，弄清题目要求，带着问题有目的地进行阅读，这样就能把握方向，同时也可边阅读边选出考查表层情况问题的答案，提高阅读效率及答题的正确性。第三、是要切忌一个词一个词割裂地理解，或将无关的词硬凑在一起理解，以致无法获取句子语义及特定语境中篇章的意义，造成信息流中断，曲解或偏离题意。第四、是要善于抓关键句和主题句。文章的第一句或最后一句往往是文章或段落的关键句或主题句，对文章的理解起着重要的作用；同时要学会正确猜测词义，有机地联系上下文，读了上文，猜测下文，不要逐词翻译，造成前后脱节，缺乏语感，以致于理解错误。第五，充分利用语篇中的文字或图表形式等基本信息，准确地捕捉关键事实和细节，进而归纳出主旨大意，领会全文的逻辑关系，弄清作者的写作意图等，进行推理判断，挖掘字里行间的深层内涵。第六，完成选择时，看其是否与文中内容相矛盾，有无文中信息支持点，再有就是看它是否完全符合题目的要求；如果让你判断其标题的话，要看文章表达的是人还是事，从而推断其标题内容。所有的选项必须以文章为基础，不要随意发挥想像或联想。第七，忌忽略时间。做阅读理解题时，一定要从整体上控制时间，时间分配根据文章的难易程度有别。文中一两处没弄懂的地方可以暂且放置一边，等把全部题做完后，再回头来处理。因为做完题后，你的心情相对放松了往往会产生新的思路、新的灵感。即使做完题后时间所剩无几了，你再把未处理的题猜测一下也不晚，因为你仍然有选对的可能性。第八，良好的阅读习惯。这个要靠平时的培养。克服阅读时不必要的附带动作，如头部转动、用手指或铅笔逐个点词等等；避免朗读，人看的速度要比读快2倍，朗读必然影响阅读速度；不要逐词逐词地看，这样既影响速度又影响理解。正确的方法是头部不动，用眼睛去扫描，这样既能提高速度又能整句理解。阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 A Mummy, I don t know what to play with. Steve interrupts his mother, who is talking to a friend, for the fourth time. Youve got a room full of toys! his mother says, impatiently. In fact it is the jumble of toys which is to blame for four-year-old Steves lack of interest in his dolls, cars and stuffed (packed) animals. Each morning he tips out three washing baskets of toys all over his floor, listlessly pulls out something and shortly after is standing at his mothers desk or following her into the kitchen saying: Mummy, I am bored. A family therapist (心理医生) explains why children lose interest when they have a whole toy shop at home: According to their brain development, little children are not in a position to judge the quality of a variety of things at once. There is always just one favorite toy for the moment. All the rest is left lying about. What can parents do to stop their children from being oversupplied with toys? Under no conditions simply make something disappear without the childs knowledge. If he/she takes no more notice of a toy, a parent can ask if it can be stored or given away. Be warned though the child will always say he/she wants it then! A talk with relatives and friends may also help. Lyn is the mother of four-year-old Jessie, and we like her way. A small set of shelves in her childs room holds the toys and books that are the current (at present) favorites. When it seems to her that her daughter is tired of these toys, they put them away in a box together and select some other toys from a cupboard in another room. The box of old toys goes into the cupboard. When her child says she is bored, they also get something from her cupboard - it may be something she has had for some time but because she hasnt seen it for a while it is almost like a new toy. Some favorite toys stay out all the time, and there is collection of dolls which sits in the coner, but in this way Lyn has found that she has fewer toys to put away at the end of the day and her daughter always has something fresh to play with. 56. Steve interrupted his mother several times because _. A. he felt uninterested in his toys B. he disliked his mothers guest C. he didnt have enough toys to play with D. he hoped his mother would play with him 57. According to the therapist, children often plain that they have nothing to play with because _. A. they cant play alone for a long time B. they are too young to play with so many toys C. they are too lazy to pick out their favourites D. they lack the ability to value too many things at a time 58. Which of the following can be used in place of jumble? A. Simple choice. B. Mixture in disorder. C. Ordinary appearance. D. Same shape. 59. Which is the advice given to parents in the text? A. Buy fewer toys for their children. B. Form good habits for their children. C. Spare some time to play with their children. D. Put some toys away without telling their children. B Attention Tim Hortons Stainless Steel Travel Mug Owners Lid Recall-15 oz Stainless Steel Travel Mug A fault at the cup has been recognized. The fault may result in some lids lifting slightly from the body of the mug, and could probably cause injury from hot liquid leaking. Therefore, we have given an immediate lid recall notice. This Recall notice is related only to Tim Hortons 15 oz Stainless Steel Travel Mugs sold between October xx and January xx. The bottom of the mug is stamped with distributors (经销商) name, ThermoServ. There is no printing on the handle of the mug. At Tim Hortons, we value our customers safety above anything else. So, whether your lid is leaking or not, in the interest of your safety, we are requesting that you bring your mug to your nearest Tim Hortons (excluding Esso Tim Hortons), where they will exchange the lid for a new lid that fits safety. The new lids will be available February 1, xx; please do not use your mug until you exchange the lid. Heres what you do: * Please do not use your mug until you have exchanged the lid for a new one. * New lids will be available February 1, xx. * Return your travel mug to a Tim Hortons store (as of February 1, xx). * Your lid will he exchanged for a new lid. If you prefer to return the entire mug, bring it back at any time for a full repayment. If you have any questions regarding this recall, please contact us at: Toll Free Number: 1-888-601-1616 8:30 am - 5:00 pm Eastern Standard Time Tim Hortons 60. This advertisement is trying to _. A. introduce a new type of mugs B. persuade people to buy a new lid C. inform people of exchanging a lid D. warn against the danger of using the mug 61. The advertisement is mainly aimed at those who _. A. often travel around B. have 15 oz Stainless mugs C. want to buy 15 oz stainless mugs D. are selling the mugs 62. According to the advertisement, which of the following statements is NOT true? A. People should stop using the mug immediately.B. People can get the money back if they return the mug. C. People with questions can call the pany free of charge. D. People can return the lid between October xx and January xx. 63 - From the passage we can learn that Tim Hortons _. A. is a club for travelers B. wants to make more money C. cares about the customers safety D. is an organization helping customers C Zinc (锌) is one of about 20 elements necessary for good health. It is present in the body in a very small amount, but it makes it possible for important chemical actions to be carried out in cells. Scientists are just beginning to discover how zinc and other elements work. Researchers first studied zinc as a way to speed recovery. Dr. Waltor Powys, formerly with the United States Air Force, noted that the laboratory animals recovered faster when some matters were added to their food. One of these matters was zinc. Dr. Powys later tested the zinc treatment on an American airman recovering from medical operations. The airman who received zinc sulphate (硫酸盐) recovered in half of the usual time. Other doctors studied persons who had a number of strange disorders. The doctors learned that all of these problems were caused by lack of zinc in the body. They treated these disorders successfully by giving the patients zinc sulphate. The amount of zinc in the body can be found by examining blood and hair. A lack of this important element is not unmon among people in both industrial and developing countries. Zinc is found in most high protein (蛋白质) foods, such as meat milk, fish and eggs. It is also found in whole grains. But many people do not eat enough of these foods. Food markets should add these elements so that more people could get needed amount of these necessary matters. 64. Which of the following statements is true? A. Scientists found how zinc works a long time ago. B. People need a large amount of zinc to be healthy. C. Zinc allows important chemical actions to take place in cells. D. Zinc must be used in the course of medical operation. 65. One of the results from the study of zinc is that _. A. theres only a little zinc in the human body B. food rich in protein contains more zinc C. some physical problems are caused by lack of zinc D. any patient who receives zinc sulphate gets well immediately 66. The best title for the passage may be _. A. A New Discovery B. Zinc and Health C. How Zinc Works D. Add Zinc to Your Food D In October, 1961. at Crowley Field in Cincinnati, Ohio, an old, deaf gentleman named William E Hey stood up to throw the first ball of the World Series. Most people at Crowley Field on that day probably did not remember Hoy because he had retired (退休) from professional baseball 58 years earlier, in 1903. However, he had been an outstanding player and the deaf people still talk about him and his years in baseball. William E. Hoy was horn in Houckstown, Ohio, on May 23, 1862. He became deaf when he was two years old. He attended the Columbus Ohio School for the deaf. After graduation, he started playing baseball while working as a shoemaker. Hoy began playing professional baseball in 1886 for Oshkosh (Wisconsin) of the Northwestern League. In 1888, he started as an outfielder (外场手) with the old Washington Senators. His small figure and speed made him an outstanding base runner. He was very good at stealing bases during his career. In the 1888 major league season, he stole 82 bases. He was also the Senators leading hitter in 1888. Hoy was clever; he threw right-handed and batted left-handed. On June 19, 1889, he threw out three batters (击球手) at the plate from his outfield position. The arm signals used by judges today to show balls and strikes began because of Hoy. The judge lifted his right arm to show that the pitch was a strike, and his left arm to signal that it was a ball. For many years, people talked about Hoys last ball game in 1903. He was playing for Los Angeles of the Pacific Coast Winter League. It was a memorable game because Hoy made a wonderful play which won the game. It was a very foggy night and, therefore, very hard to see the ball. In the ninth inning (棒球的一局), with two men out, Hoy managed to catch a fly ball to make the third out in spite of the fog. Ms Angeles defeated their opposition and won the game. After he retired, Hoy stayed busy. He ran a dairy farm near Cincinnati for 20 years. He also became a public speaker and traveled giving speeches. Until a few years before his death, he took 4 and 10 mile walks several mornings a week. On December 15, 1961, William Hoy died at the age of 99 67. In which order did the following things happen in Hoys life? a. Hoy worked as a shoemaker. b. Hoy began to run a diary farm. c. Hoy played a memorable game in the heavy fog. d. Hoy threw the first ball of the World Series. e. Hoy became deaf. A. d, e, a, c, b B. e, a, C. b, d C. d, a, e, c, b D. e. a, b, c, d 68. We can infer from the last paragraph that Hoy _in his late years. A. became famous B. led a relaxed life C. traveled around the world D. was in good physical condition 69. This passage is mainly about _. A. a deaf player devoted to the game of baseball B. baseball game rules and important players C. the rise in the social position of the deaf people D. where the baseball judge hand signals came from 70. What can be inferred from this passage? A. Hoy was the greatest baseball player in his time. B. Speaking and listening are not necessary in baseball games. C. The judge had to study the hand signals very seriously. D. Hoys family encouraged him to bee a baseball player. E Americans are proud of their variety and individuality (个性), yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of a lift operator or the uniform of a five-star general. Why are uniforms so popular in the United States? Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian (百姓的) clothes. People have bee conditioned to expect higher quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform is likely to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a hairdresser, or a waiter to lose professional identity (职业身份) than to step out of uniform? Uniforms also have many practical good points. They are often more fortable and more lasting than civilian clothes. Primary among the argument against uniforms is their lack of variety and the loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they are likely to think, speak, and act similarly on the job at least. Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though they are long-lasting, often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes. 71. What surprises us is that Americans _. A. still judge a man by his clothes B. think highly of uniforms C. less prefer wearing civilian clothes D. respect a lift operator in uniform 72. People are likely to think that a man in uniform _. A. suggests quality work B. shows his social position C. appears to he more practical D. looks more fresh and attractive 73. Those who are against uniforms believe that people wearing uniforms _. A. are usually helpful B. have little freedom C. lose personal character D. enjoy greater popularity 74. It can be concluded from the passage that _. A. people generally trust a person in uniform B. people enjoy wearing fortable uniform C. the cost of the uniform is acceptable to people D. people wear uniforms to show their professions 75. The underlined sentence tells us that _. A. its impossible for people with jobs to lose their identity B. peoples identity can be recognized more easily by their uniforms C. nurses and policemen must wear uniforms when working D. people in those professions act in an easier way without uniforms 56.A 57.D 58.B 59.D 60.C 61.B 62.D 63.C 64.C 65.C 66.B 67.B 68.D 69.A 70.B 71.B 72.A 73.C 74.A 75.B