2019-2020年高三英语一轮总复习专题1.3Traveljournal词汇短语含解析.doc

2019-2020年高三英语一轮总复习专题1.3Traveljournal词汇短语含解析【学以致用】一、重点词汇细解1. transport n.&vt. 运输，运送（教材原句）Which kind of transport do you prefer to use: bus or train?你愿意用哪种交通方式：汽车还是火车？transport.(from.)to. 把(从)运到transportation(美)transport(英)n.运输，交通工具 语法填空It took two days to transport the furniture_ _ the new apartment.把家具运送到新公寓需花费两天时间。【答案】to 【易混辨析】明辨异同transport指“运输”这种行为或“运输工具”The governments transport policy is excellent.政府的交通运输政策非常好。traffic指街上的行人车辆，着重数量的多少The traffic is heavy these days. I might arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place?近来交通拥挤，我可能会到得晚一点，你能给我留个位子吗？2. prefer vt.更喜欢；选择某事物（而不选择其他事物） prefer sth.更喜欢某物 prefer (doing) sth. to (doing) sth.比起更喜欢(to为介词)prefer to do. rather than do .=would rather do. than do宁愿做而不做prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事prefer that sb. (should) do sth.（1）I _a flat in Shanghai _one in Beijing. 我更想上海有个房子而不是北京。（2）He _ there doing nothing. 我宁愿干活也不愿坐在那里无所事事。（3）Would you prefer that we our meeting till next Wednesday?你是否更愿意我们把会议推迟到下周三？（4）Liu Hulan before the enemy.刘胡兰宁死也不在敌人面前屈服。易错点：（1）prefer意为“更喜欢”，相当于like better/more，所以prefer一般不与比较级连用。（2）prefer的过去式、过去分词为preferred，现在分词为preferring.3. disadvantage n.不利条件；不便之处（教材原句）Think about the advantages and disadvantages of each form of transport and fill in the following chart.想一想各种交通方式的利与弊，并填写下表。at a disadvantage处于不利地位under disadvantage在不利的情况下to ones disadvantage 对某人不利advantage n优势，优点，好处take advantage of 利用（1）Many her private pictures have been put on the Internet, which puts her .她的很多私人照片被放到了网上，这使她处于不利的境地。（2）I hope my lack of experience wont be .但愿我的经验不足不会使我吃亏。（3）As we all know, everything has_ _ _ and_ _. We should_ its_ to try our hard to avoid its _.众所周知，每一样东西既有优点也有缺点。我们应该充分利用它的优点来尽量避免它的不利方面。【答案】（1）at a disadvantage （2）to my disadvantage （3）advantages, disadvantages, take advantage of, advantages, disadvantages4. persuade vt.说服，劝说；使相信，使信服 （教材原句）Two years ago she bought an expensive mountain bike and then she persuaded me to buy one.两年前，她买了一辆昂贵的山地自行车，然后还说服我买了一辆（山地车）。劝服某人做某事 persuade sb. to do sth/ persuade sb. into doing sth劝服某人不做某事 persuade sb. not to do sth./ persuade sb. out of doing sth尽力劝某人做某事 try to persuade sb. to do sth./advise sb. to do sth. 使某人相信. persuade sb. of sth./that.语法填空（1）Dont let yourself_ (persuade) into buying things you dont want.【答案】be persuaded 【解析】persuade sb. into doing sth.“说服某人做某事”，此处用的是该结构的被动形式。（2）Mother tried to persuade him_ (study) hard, but it didnt seem to help.【误区警示】persuade表示“说服”，强调说服的结果；advise表示“劝说，建议”，对方不一定接受，强调动作。“劝说不一定有效果”应表述为：try to persuade sb. to do sth./advise sb. to do sth.Ive persuaded him to give up smoking by advising him many times.通过多次劝告，我说服了他戒烟。学%5.graduate vi.毕业 n.大学毕业生（教材原句）After graduation from college, we finally got the chance to take a bike trip.大学毕业后我们终于有机会骑自行车旅行。graduate from 从毕业graduate in 毕业于专业graduation n.毕业after graduation from. 从毕业之后语法填空（1）They are the_ (graduate) who graduated_ Wuhan University and now are playing an important part in our pany.他们是毕业于武汉大学的毕业生，和现在在我们公司起重要作用（2）Daming graduated_ physics_ Cambridge University.大明毕业于剑桥大学物理系专业（3）After_ (graduate) she reached a point in her career where she needed to decide what to do.毕业后，她的事业达到了需要决定做什么的阶段【误区警示】graduate是瞬间动词，不能与段时间连用。6.determined adj.坚决的，有决心的，坚定的 （教材原句）She gave me a determined lookthe kind that said she would not change her mind.她给了我一个坚定的眼神那种眼神表明她是不会改变主意的。be determined to do sth. 决心做某事 be determined that 决定.determined voice/ man/ look/ attitude 坚定的声音/人/眼神/态度determine vt.决定；确定；下定决心 determine to do sth.决定做某事. determine sb. to do使某人下定决心做.determine that决定determine on/upon sth 作出.决定determination n.决心，决定（1）I am (determine) win the game.我决心赢得这场比赛 （2）Our government has (determine) the universal twochild policy.我们政府已决定执行“全面二孩政策”。（3）He has (determine) an early start tomorrow.他决定明天一早动身。【误区警示】determine to do sth.和 be determined to do sth.都表示决心做某事，但是前者强调动作，后者说明一种状态，表示已经下定决心。determine是短暂性动词，不能与表示段时间的状语连用；be determined表示状态，为延续性动词短语，可与表示段时间的状语连用。【归纳补充】make up ones mind to do sth.下决心做某事make/take a decision作出决定 decide to do sth.决定做某事7. attitude n态度；看法An attitude is what a person thinks about something.态度是一个人对某件事情的想法。attitude to/towards 对的看法/态度an attitude of mind 心态问题Being rich or poor is simply an attitude of mind.贫富仅仅是心态问题。 (形近词) altitude n. 海拔高度；高处完成句子（1）Tell me_ (你对的态度)health insurance.告诉我你对健康保险的态度。（2）How to face failure in exams is_ (心态问题)如何面对考试中的失败是心态问题（3）Peoples_ the matter are different.人们对这个问题的看法是不同的。【答案】（1）your attitude to/towards （2）an attitude of mind （3）attitudes towards/to8.schedule n.时间表；进度表 vt.安排；为安排时间。ahead of schedule(ahead of time)提前on schedule 按时间表；准时fall behind schedule 进度落后(sb.) be scheduled to do. (某人)预定做be scheduled for.安排在The interview is scheduled for 4：00 p. m. tomorrow.【名师点津】表示“日程紧，日程安排满”时，常用busy以及tight修饰名词schedule。Weve got a busy schedule next week.我们下星期的日程安排得很满。My schedule is very tight at present.目前我的日程很紧。（1）The operation on the old man will be carried out_ (按预定计划)（2）The boss said that the project must be pleted _ (提前)（3）The meeting_ (预定在星期四召开)（4）Our guests_ (预计到达) at 730 in the evening.（5）(浙江高考)_ (我的日程安排很紧) right now, but Ill try to fit you in. 9. organize vt.组织，筹备；安排，处理；建立，成立（联盟、政党等）（教材原句）Although she didnt know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the trip properly.虽然她对去某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她却坚持要自己把这次旅游安排得尽善尽美。organize a meeting/party/trip组织/筹备会议/聚会/旅行organize sb. (into sth.)阻止某人（成.）【归纳拓展】organized adj.有组织的，有秩序的 organization n.组织，机构；组织工作organizer n.组织者，创办者用organize的适当形式填空The Red Cross is an_， whose_ _ it in order to help people in trouble. So its work is always well_.红十字会是一个组织，它的组织者成立这个组织是为了帮助困难中的人们。因此它的工作总是很有序的。10.insist v.坚决主张，坚决要求；坚称，坚持认为insist on/upon sth./doing sth. 坚持某事/做某事insist that. 坚持.【误区警示】insist后接that从句时，有两种情况：表示“坚持主张，坚决要求”时，从句要用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语动词用“should+动原”，should可以省略。表示“坚持认为，坚称”时，从句用陈述语气。He insisted that the boy had stolen his wallet and (should) be sent to prison.他坚持说那个男孩偷了她的钱包应该被送进监狱。完成句子The engineer_ having his plan carried out.工程师坚决要求执行他的计划。I insisted that she_ with you.我坚决要求她跟你走。Madame Curie insisted that there_ something in nature that gave out radiation.居里夫人坚持认为自然界中有物质能释放出射线。【答案】（1）insisted on （2）(should) go （3）was11.reliable adj.可信赖的；可靠的She is very reliable and I knew I didnt need to encourage her.她很可靠，我知道我用不着给她鼓劲儿。【归纳拓展】rely v.信任，信赖；依赖，依靠rely ondepend on相信；依赖；信赖相信You may rely on it that she wont be late.你可以放心，她不会迟到的。I rely on him because he is reliable.我依靠他是因为他很可靠。【巧学助记】I rely on him because he is reliable.我依靠他是因为他很可靠。完成句子（1）We all think of him as_ (一个值得信赖的人)（2）You can_ (相信) Peter would like to accept the suggestion.【答案】（1）a reliable person （2）rely on it that 语法单句填空（3）John is very_ (rely)，if he promises to do something hell do it.12.view n.风景；视野；观点；见解 vt.观看；注视；考虑n.(从某处看到的)景色，风景The view from the top of the mountain is wonderful.从山顶远眺，景色很美。n.视野，视域，视线The plane soon went out of view.那架飞机很快从视野中消失了。n.(个人的)观点，看法，见解，态度(多用复数形式)In my view it was a waste of time.依我看这是浪费时间。Whats your view on school punishment?你对学校的处罚有什么看法？vt.观看；注视；考虑People came from all over the world to view her paintings.人们从世界各地涌来欣赏她的油画。We can view the problems in many ways.【巧学助记】【归纳拓展】in ones view/opinion 在某人看来in view of 鉴于，考虑到out of view 看不见，在视野之外have a good view of对一览无余e into view 进入视野，被看见完成句子（1）_ (鉴于) the fact that the journey would begin at an altitude of more than 5,000 metres, she changed her mind at last.鉴于这次旅行将在海拔5000米以上的地方开始，她终于改变了主意。（2）They_ (对有不同的观点) the mans real identity.他们对这个人的真实身份有不同的观点。（3）_ (在我看来), she did care about her parents.在我看来，她确实关心她的父母。（4）Finally, the famous temple_ (映入眼帘)最后，著名的庙宇映入眼帘。（5）One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a high building is that you can _ (看到好风景)住在高层建筑顶层的优点之一是你可以看到好风景。（6）From the tall building, you can_ (对一览无余) the whole city.从高楼上，你可以对整个城市一览无余。【易混辨析】view常指从远处或高处或某个特定的角度看到的景象scenery是不可数名词，指某地总的自然风景或景色，尤指乡间景色scene指展现在眼前的情景，也可以指scenery的一部分，大多包括景物中的人及活动在内。还可以表示“现场；场面”等sight既可以指场景、眼前看到的景观，又可以指名胜，表示“名胜”时，要用复数形式【巧学助记】形象记忆“风景”与“场景”四单词用view, sight, scene或scenery填空（1）Well see the_ of Paris tomorrow. 我们明天游览巴黎的名胜。（2）We were happy to see the_ of the children playing games happily.我们很高兴看到孩子们开心地玩游戏的场面。（3）The beautiful_ in the mountain attracted all of us. 山上美丽的景色吸引了我们所有人。（4）You can get a good_ of the town from the top of the hill.从山顶上你可以一览无余地看到这个城镇的景象。13. beneath prep. 在下面As I lay beneath the stars I thought about how far we had already travelled.当我躺在星空下，我想着我们已经走了多远。They sheltered beneath their umbrellas, for it was raining.他们躲到了伞下，因为天在下雨。Richard is far beneath Henry in intelligence.理查德的智力远不及亨利。【易混辨析】beneath在下面，指两者接触，与on相对below不强调在正下方，与above相对under强调在正下方，与over相对【巧学助记】一图巧析位置介词选词填空(below/beneath/under)（1）There is a box buried_ a pile of leaves.在一堆树叶下面埋着一个盒子。（2）The passengers who fell seasick stayed_. 晕船的乘客待在下面。（3）She sat in the shade_ a tree to have a rest. 她坐在树荫下休息。二、核心短语回顾1. be fond of 喜爱，喜欢(like very much)She is fond of animals of all kinds, such as the dog, the cat and the snake.她喜欢各种各样的动物，例如狗、猫和蛇。More and more young people are fond of cycling to work.越来越多的年轻人喜欢骑自行车去上班。【易混辨析】be fond of“喜爱”，对象为人或物。还可以指“溺爱”Although she is very stubborn, we are all very fond of her.虽然她很固执，但我们都很喜欢她。enjoy“喜欢”“欣赏”，指从某事中获得乐趣The old man enjoys walking the dog after supper.这位老人喜欢晚饭后遛狗。prefer“更喜欢”，指在两者中比较喜欢其中的一个I prefer jazz to rock music.我喜欢爵士乐胜过摇滚乐。like“喜欢”，侧重指性格和习惯上的爱好I like making a journey.我喜欢去旅行。完成句子Since people_ (喜欢幽默)，it is as wele in conversation as anywhere else.因为人们喜欢幽默，所以在谈话中和其他地方一样受欢迎。2. care about关心，在乎关心He genuinely cares about his employees.他真诚地关心他的雇员。在乎(常用于否定句和疑问句中)I dont care about what he says and does.他说什么，做什么，我都不在乎。【归纳拓展】care for照看；关心；喜爱；想要take care注意；当心take care of 照顾；负责with care当心；仔细地用适当的介词填空（1）He made the choice to go back home from his workplace to care_/take care_ his elderly parents.他决定从工作场所回到家里照顾年迈的父母。（2）Most of the students in this class dont seem to care_ their failure in the exam.这个班上的大多数学生似乎都不在乎他们考试不及格。（3）She took the beautiful vase_ great care.她小心翼翼地接过那只漂亮的花瓶。3. make up ones mind下决心；决定Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.她一旦下了决心，什么也不能使她改变。We have made up our minds to finish the work before dark.我们决心在天黑前完成工作。【名师点津】在短语make up ones mind中，mind的单复数要随其前ones的单复数而变化。【归纳拓展】change ones mind 改变主意keep/bear/have. in mind 记住；牢记在心头speak ones mind 直言不讳 read ones mind 看出某人的心思用mind的适当短语填空（1）They have_ to take part.他们已经决定参加。（2）Dont worry. Im just going to_.别担心。我正打算改变主意。（3）You must_ these exams will affect your final result.你必须记住，这些考试会影响到你的最后成绩。【答案】（1）made up their minds （2）change my mind （3）keep/bear/have it in mind that4. give in让步，屈服，投降；上交让步，屈服，投降I had to give in to my wife at last.我最终只好向妻子妥协了。(2)上交The children were required to give in their examination papers straight away.孩子们被要求马上交试卷。【误区警示】give in作“上交”讲时，是及物动词短语，后接代词作宾语时，代词放在give与in之间；作“让步，投降”讲时，是不及物动词短语，表示“向让步/投降”时，用give in to。【易混辨析】give in“屈服”“让步”，表示“向屈服”时要加介词toHe had to give in to my views.他只好顺从了我的意见。give up“放弃”，表示“放弃做某事”时后用doing，相当于stop doingHe never gave up learning English though it was hard.尽管英语难学，但他从未放弃学英语。完成句子（1）As neither of us would_ (让步)，the bargain(协议) came to nothing.由于我们都不让步，协议落空了。（2）Every time his son cries for something, he_ (向他让步)每次他的儿子哭的时候，他向他让步。（3）Please_ (按照预定时间交作业)!请按照预定时间交作业。（4）A determined person will never give_ halfway.有决心的人决不会半途而废。5. ever since 自从；自以后I havent heard from him ever since he graduated last year.自去年他毕业以来，我就未曾收到过他的信。Ever since they moved to this apartment , Mary and Alice have been good partners.自从她们搬到这间公寓以来，玛丽和艾丽斯一直是很好的伙伴。【误区警示】ever since引导的短语作时间状语或引导时间状语从句时，句子或主句用现在完成时，ever since所引导的从句用一般过去时。ever在since之前起加强语气的作用。since作介词时，只接时间点，不接时间段。非延续性动词的肯定式一般不与since等表示一段时间的状语连用。完成句子（1）_ (自我从毕业以来) Beijing University, I have been working in this big pany.自我从北京大学毕业以来，我就一直在这个大公司工作。（2）Ever since I went to senior high school,_ (我梦想着上清华大学)自从我上高中以来，我梦想着上清华大学。 6. as usual 照常As usual we went to work this weekend.本周末我们照常去工作了。【归纳拓展】than usual比以往as ever 像以往一样as before像以前一样（1）_ (像往常一样), the man cycled to work.（2）His mother_ (像往常一样在等着他) when he came back.【答案】（1）As usual （2）was waiting for him as usual 【易混辨析】as usual指一次性的行为或动作，意为“像往常一样；照常”usually指经常的行为或动作7. for pany陪伴；做伴There was almost no windonly the flames of our fire for pany.（晚上）几乎没有风，只有篝火的火焰与我们做伴。in pany with 与一起；与同时keep sb. pany 做伴；陪伴keep pany with. 与交往完成句子（1）He is ing with me_.他将陪我一起来。（2）The US dollar went through a difficult time,_ the oil market.美元与石油市场同时经历了艰难的时期。（3）Ill_ while youre waiting.你等待时我会陪伴你。8. have fun 玩得开心；玩得高兴She had fun playing with Peter.和彼得玩她感到很有意思。enjoy oneself/have a good time玩得高兴have fun doing sth做某事有趣for fun为了好玩；为了消遣It is (great)fun to do sth.做某事有意思语法填空You are sure to have fun_ (learn) English.9. put up搭起；举起；张贴；提供食宿；(在过夜)We put up our tent and then we eat.我们搭起帐篷，然后吃饭。The exam results will be put up on Friday afternoon.考试成绩将于星期五下午张贴出来。A friend in Beijing put me up for the night.一位北京的朋友留我住了一宿。写出put up的词义（1）He put up a notice to remind people of the change in price. _（2）We put up at a small hotel outside the town. _（3）They put up their tents in the middle of a field. _（4）Then a short boy in front put up his hand. _【答案】（1）张贴 （2）住宿 （3）搭起 （4）举起【归纳拓展】put aside 节省；储蓄；储存；留出put away 放好；积蓄put off 延期；推迟put down 放下，记下，镇压put up with 容忍；忍受