2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习 Unit7—Unit8知识梳理.doc

2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习 Unit7Unit8知识梳理A知识梳理词汇单词cultural，pyramid，represent，include，ruin，burn，restore，rebuild，beauty，photograph，portrait，recreate，unite，artist，period，vase，stone，damage，ancient，project，brick，official，cave，pollution，carbon，breath，limit，sincerely，BC，AD，continent，well-known，athlete，gold，medal，torch，badminton，speed，skating，tie，final，dive，shooting，Greece，petitor，motto，further，rank，gymnastics，prepare，preparation，effect，flame，pete，flag，weight，position，superstar，point，skill, weigh，title，gesture，facial词组give in，give up，in ruins，bringback to life，pull down，set up，stand for，because of，wouldrather，take part in，in preparation for，be proud of，under attack，in pieces，be used to，with thehelp of，the same as，bringback to life，e true，every four years，track and field语法The Present Perfect Passive VoiceCatherineS Palace has been rebuilt by modern Russian artistsThe Future Passive VoiceMore trees will be planted and new roads will be built by the people of BeijingWhen will the 29th Olympic Games be held in Beijing?交际用语What shall we put in?WhatHow about?Maybe we couldWhy not?Which do you like，or?Id like toI preferto常用句型It seems thatIt will takebeforeWe would do everything we can to doI would rather dothan doI prefer doingto doingWhere there isthere isB辨析词语 (1)missinglostgone lost表示“丢失”，有丢失后难以找回的意思，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。 例：I finally found my lost dictionary under the bed missing表示“失踪了”或者“不见了”，强调某人或某物不在原处，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。 例：My purse is missing gone表示“消失了”，指一去不复返，在句中可作表语和补语，但不能作定语。 例：She looked down at her dress，and found her neck1ace gone (2)prepare sthprepare for sth prepare sth的意思是“准备某事”、“做某事”，即prepare的动作直接作用在sth身上。 例：Bob prepared his lessons while his mother prepared supper pepare for sth表示“为某事做准备”。 例：People on the island are preparing for another storm (3)fartherfurther farther和further都是far的比较级，但是它们在词义和用法上有很大的区别。 farther一般只用于表示有形距离的“较远”、“更远”。 例：On the farther side of the street there was a large shop further既可以表示有形距离的“较远”、“更远”，还可以表示“更多的”、“另一些”、“进一步的”。 例：We intend to stay for a further two months (4)allowpermitlet allow表示“允许某人做某事”，要求用名词、代词、动名词来作宾语，也可以用不定式作宾补。allow常用于被动语态。 例：They dont allow smoking My parents allow me to stay up late at weekends(5)ruindestroydamage ruin表示“彻底的毁灭”，既可以作动词，也可以作名词，作名词时意为“毁灭，破坏(不可数)”、“废墟，遗迹(常用复数)”。 例：Drink led to his ruin The house across the street is in ruins destroy表示“毁坏，破坏”，只能用作动词，用法和ruin用作动词时相同。 例：The earthquake destroyed all of the buildings in the city damage指造成破坏或损害，但不是毁灭性的，既可以用作动词，也可以用作名词。作名词时后面可以跟介词to表示对某物造成破坏。 例：The war caused extensive damage to the country(6)give upgive ingive outgive off give up表示“放弃，停止”。 例：I have given up expecting him to change give in表示“屈服，让步”。 例：They werent a particularly good team，but they refused to give in and accept defeat give out表示“发出，分发”。 例：The teacher was giving out sweets to every student at the party give off表示“发出光，热和气味”。 例：Chives give off a delicate scent C 识记句型1 Where there is a river，there is a city. 2 It is true that many of the worlds greatest cities have been built on the banks of the river3 It was under attack for 900 days，hut the people of the city never gave in4 Pieces of the palaces could now be used to rebuild the city and its culture5 We will do everything we can to save our city.6 It was difficult to save the palaces and buildings without destroying their old beauty7 Every four years athletes from all over the world take part in the Olympic Games8 Many of the sports are the same as they are now.9 Some of the games in which the young men peted were：running，jumping and wresting10 It means that every athlete should try to run faster，jump higher and throw furtherD 触类旁通1 ! There is a train ing ALook out BLook around CLook forward DLook on 【答案】A 【解析】此题考查的是和look相关的短语。look out 含有“小心，当心”之意；look around指“向四周环顾”；look forward指“向前看”，有“憧憬未来”的意思；look onas指“把看作”。2As we grow older，we learn the of our abilities Aheights Bscores C1imits Dlengths 【答案】C 【解析】height指“高度”；score指“得分，分数”；limit指“限制”；length指“长度”。此句的意思是“随着年龄的增长，我们认识到我们能力的有限”。3The doctors did all they the sick man back to life Acould bring Bcould to bring Ccould bringing Dcould to bringing 【答案】B 【解析】这句话的意思是“医生们做他们能够做的一切来挽救这个病人的生命”。do all they can(do)to do可以理解为定语从句，其先行词是all，关系代词that被省掉。此外还可以表达为do everything(that)they can(do)to do或do what they can(do)to do。4Everyone got a Christmas present，my little brother . Ainclude Bto include Cincluding Dincluded 【答案】D 【解析】此题考查的是include的用法。include的意思是“包括，包含”，在句子中常作谓语。including和included都用来表示部分同位关系，即用来举例，译作“包括”。但是，including必须放在它所说明的同位语之前，而included必须放在它所说明的同位语之后。 例：Everyone here in my classroom，including Lucy，will go to visit the Summer Palace Everyone here in my classroom，Lucy included，will go to visit the Summer Palace5The foreigner explained again and again but he still couldnt make himself Aunderstand Bunderstood Cbe understood Dunderstanding 【答案】B 【解析】此题考查的是make后面跟宾语补足语的用法。分词作补足语时应注意分词与宾语的逻辑关系。这句话的意思是“这位外国人反复地解释，但是他仍然不能让别人理解他”。这里，他让自己被理解，应该用过去分词understood作宾补。6My father will not us to drive his new car Aagree Ballow Chave Dlet 【答案】B 【解析】 agree表示“同意某人的观点和意见”，后面一般不跟宾语补足语；allow表示“允许某人做某事”，构成短语allow sbto do sth；have表示“让某人做某事”，后面一般跟动词原形或者动词的ing形式；let表示“让某人做某事”，后面只能跟动词原形，而且一般用第一人称和第二人称。 7What do you think of the book? Oh，excellentIts worth a second time Ato read Bto be read Creading Dbeing read 【答案】 C【解析】be worth doing是一个固定短语，表示“值得做某事”，其中doing是用主动表示被动。 8There will be a discussion tomorrow，all those who want to ，please raise your hands Ajoin Btake part Ctake a part Dtake part in 【答案】 B 【解析】join指参加某个组织成为其中一员，作及物动词用；take part表示参加某项活动，作不及物动词用； take part in也表示参加某项活动，但是后面要跟宾语。9“Cant you read?”Mary said to the notice Aangrily pointing Band pointing angrily Cangrily pointed Dand angrily pointing 【答案】A 【解析】此题考查的是分词作状语。分词作状语时要弄清分词和所修饰的名词之间的逻辑关系。当表示主动的逻辑关系时用现在分词，当表示被动的逻辑关系时用过去分词。句子的意思是“玛丽指着通知生气地说道”。这里应该是主动，所以用现在分词pointing。当用连词and时，and连接的应该都是动词，原句可以改为Mary said angrily and pointed to the notice10The house we used to live has been rebuilt Awhere；in Bwhich, Cin that； Din which； 【答案】D 【解析】此题考查的是定语从句。先行词house在从句中做介词in的宾语。当把介词in提前时应该用in which。而不能说in that。如果用表示地点的关系副词where，后面则不能再用介词in。这句话的意思是“我们曾经居住过的房子已经被重建”。考题回放1 My brother is an actorHe is several films so far (xx浙江卷) Aappears Bappeared Chas appeared Dis appearing 【答案】 C 【解析】时间状语so far常与现在完成时连用。2 We will be shown around the city：schools，museums，and some other places， other visitors seldom go Awhat Bwhich Cwhere Dwhen 【答案】 C 【解析】此题考查的是where引导非限制性定语从句。先行词places在从句中逻辑上充当go的状语，所以用关系副词where。what不能引导定语从句；先行词在从句中作主语和宾语时才能使用关系代词that；先行词是地点，而非时间，不能用when。3 a reply，he decided to write again. (MET 1992) ANot receiving BReceiving not CNot having received DHaving not received 【答案】C 【解析】此题考查的是现在分词在句子中作状语。这句话的意思是“没有收到答复，他决定再次写信”。“没有收到答复”发生在“他决定再次写信”之前，因此用having received。分词的否定应该在分词之前加上not。4 I am at least age Robert if I am not older than he(1992上海卷) Athe same；as Bthe same；with Cas same；as Das same；with 【答案】A 【解析】 the sameas意思是“与一样”。此句的意思是“如果我年纪不比罗伯特大，那我至少和他一样大”。5 I play football than basketball Awould rather Bhad better C1ike better Dprefer 【答案】A 【解析】此题考查的是句式would rather dothan do。其意思为“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”。had better do sth表示“最好做某事”，但是不能表示比较；likebetter than表示“喜欢胜过于喜欢”，但是后面一般跟动词不定式。prefer可以表示“喜欢胜过于喜欢”，但是其结构为prefer sthTo sth或prefer doingto doing。基础训练1The success is actually on the hard work of the whole team Abase Bbased Cbasis Dbasic2 by a stranger，she became more and more frightened AFollowing BTo follow CFollowed DFollow3No foreign languages in the school in the past fifty years Ahad been taught Bwould be taught Chave been taught Dwere taught4 had happened to him frightened us greatly AWhat BAll CThat DWhich5It rained for two weeks，pletely our holiday Aruined Bto ruin Cruining Druins6The fire spread through the hotel very quickly，but everyone get out.Ahad to Bwould Ccould Dwas able to7The people of StPetersburg tried their best to Abring the city back to live Btake the city back to live Cbring the city back to life Dtake the city back to life8Would you like some coffee? Yes，and please get me some milk，tooI prefer coffee_ milk Ato Bwith Cthan Dof9 breaks the law will have to face a serious punishment AAnyone BThose who CAnyone who DWho10My father bought an ancient Chinese vase， was very reasonable Athe price of that Bits price Cthe price of which Dthe price of whose11Rather than a bike in the freezing weather，she prefers a bus Atake；to take Bto take；ride Ctake；to ride Dride；to take12After climbing over a mountain 200 meters high，Bob and I Agave in Bgave up Cgave out Dgave off13They spent as many hours as they could their lessons Ato study Bstudy Cstudying Dstudies参考答案与解析1B be based on是固定短语，意思是“以为基础”。basis是名词，表示“基础”；basic是形容词，表示“基础的”。2C此句意为“被一个陌生人跟着，她越来越感到害怕”。应该选择过去分词followed作非谓语成分，表示被动。3C此句意为“最近50年来学校里没有教外语”。in the past跟一段时间表示“在最近来”，和现在完成时连用。此题把foreign languages提前做主语，应用被动语态。现在完成时的被动语态的结构是have been done。4A what引导名词性从句作主语。此句意为“他所发生的事情让我们非常害怕”。5C此处用现在分词ruining表示伴随，意思是“雨下了两周，完全破坏了我们的假期”。过去分词ruined表示“被毁灭”，不定式to ruin表示“将毁灭”，ruins是谓语，应排除。6D be able to do表示通过努力设法做成某事，cancould表示某人有能力做某事。此句意为“火迅速蔓延整个旅馆，但是每个人都设法走了出来”。7C bringback to life是固定短语，意思是“使复活(苏醒)”。8B此题选with，意思是“我喜欢牛奶咖啡一起喝”。preferto表示“喜欢胜过喜欢”。9C此题考定语从句，意为“任何一个违反法律的人都得接受严厉的惩罚”。先行词为anyone，关系代词为who，这里可用whoever代替anyone who。10C此题考非限制性定语从句，意思是“中国花瓶的价格非常合理”。先行词vase在从句中作the price of的宾语，所以关系代词只能用which，不能用that。这里可以把the price of which换成whose price。11D prefer to dorather than do为固定句式，表示“宁愿做不愿做”。ride a bike，take a taxi为习惯表达。12B give in表示“投降，妥协”；give up表示“放弃”；give out表示“分发”；give off表示“发出味道”。13C spend(in)doing意为“花费时间做某事”。此题是说“他们尽可能多花时间来学习功课”。as many hours as they could在句中充当spend的宾语。综合强化1完形填空 Leroy Columbo left his lifeguard postHe walked slowly down the 1 Many people were sunbathing on the sand，and they spoke to himLeroy nodded and smiled to them 2 ，he always kept an eye on the waterYou see，Leroy was a 3 lifeguardHe couldnt hear cries for help；therefore，he 4 use his eyesHe could 5 a person in trouble in the water quickly Leroy was a familiar 6 on the Galveston，Texas beachesDuring his 40 years of work as a lifeguard there，he 7 907 people from drowning in the waters Leroy was born in 1905He lost his 8 at sevenNine years later，because of his fathers death，Leroy left school and helped 9 his familyHowever，Leroy didnt need much money to swim in the waters around Galveston Island，so he spent most of his free time swimming and became a(n) 10 swimmer At eighteen，his brother asked him to 11 the Surf Toboggan ClubHe had to take a(n) 12 first before the club could 13 himHe had to swim three hours without stoppingHe couldnt 14 rest by floating or swimming on his 15 Leroy took the test and passed it easily Leroy never won a scholarshipHe never 16 training for sports petition 17 he used his talents to save otherslives 18 he died on July 2，1974，members of the Texas State Senate stood for a moment of 19 in his honorThe Galveston people have had a plaque(牌匾)made in his 20 His name was included in the Guinness Book of World Records 1Abeach Broadside Cstreet Driverbank 2AObviously BOtherwise CTherefore DHowever 3Aweak Bpoor Cdeaf Dstrong 4Ahad to Bshould Ccould Dmust 5Adescribe Bwarn Cinform Dnotice 6Aview Bsportsman Cscene Dsight7Aknew Btold Csaved Dseparated 8Aeyesight Bhearing Cinterest Dvoice 9Asupport Bfort Craise Dfeed 10Aordinary Bexpert C1ucky Dspecial 11Aorganize Bset up Cjoin Dput up 12Ainterview Btry Clook Dtest 13Atrain Bunderstand Caccept Drecognize 14Aever Beven Cjust Dyet 15Aback Bface Cfeet Dside 16Awent into Bwent on Cgave up Dinsisted on 17AMeanwhile BCertainly CFortunately DInstead 18ABecause BWhen CWhile DSince 19Apeace Bcalmness Csadness Dsilence 20Afavor Bmemory Copinion Dname参考答案与解析：1A本文讲述的是救生员Leroy的故事，联系下文应该知道他是沿着海边在慢慢行走。2D这里是“然而，但是”的意思，是转折关系，所以选however。obviously表示“明显地”，otherwise表示“否则”，therefore表示“所以”。3C从下一句可知Leroy是一个耳聋的救生员。所以选择deaf。4A因为耳聋，Leroy只得用眼睛来观察，have to表示“不得不”，所以选择A。5D这句话的意思是“他可以注意到水中遇到麻烦的人”。describe表示“描述”，warn表示“警告”，inform表示“告诉”，notice表示“注意”。6D sight表示“风景”，这句话的意思是Leroy是一道人们熟悉的风景。scene表示“场景”。7C这句话的意思是“他救了907个落水的人”。8B lose oneS hearing意思是“失去听觉”。9A表示“养家”用support oneS family；raise表示“饲养动物”；feed表示“喂养”。10B这里expert表示“精湛的”，ordinary表示“平凡的”。11C organize表示“组织”，set up表示“建立”，join表示“参加某个组织”，put up表示“竖立”。12D test表示“测试”，interview表示“面试”。13C accept表示“接受”，这句话的意思是“在协会接受他之前，他需要参加一次面试”。14B这里指“他甚至不能”。15A swim on ones back指仰泳。16B go on有“进行某事”的意思；give up指“放弃”；insist on指“坚持”。17D instead这里表示“相反”；meanwhile表示“同时”；fortunately表示“幸运地”。18B这里指“当他去世的时候”。19D这里指“默哀”。20B in ones memory表示“为了纪念某人”2 阅读理解 The earth is changingTomorrow it will be differentAll the living things on the earth are changingTomorrow they will be differentEven people are changingTomorrow you will be different There are many kinds of changes，and many different things that cause changePeople need to get to know the changes，to learn to see them，and to learn what causes change Human beings must solve many problems so that they can continue to live successfullyWar is one of these problemsDisease and natural disasters are problemsNot having enough food and energy for the growing number of people in the world is a problemMost problems can be solved，but some are impossible to solveThe way in which people solve problems affects(影响)how long and how well they can live As people solve their problems，they change thingsAnd changes often cause new problems for people，and for other living things on EarthSometimes the new problems seem even worse than the old onesHuman beings will probably never stop having problems to solve 1Which statement of the following is true according to the text? AEverything on the earth is always changing BThe changes of the living things are different CWar is a problem that can be solved DIn the future when the modernization has been realized all over the world，we will have no problems at all. 2What problem is not mentioned in the text? AWar BPollution CEnergy shortageDFlood 3The changes Amake people cannot live on a spaceship Bbring natural disasters Care not necessary to analyze(分析)Dare not always good 4For what purpose must people solve the problem of war? ATo keep peace BTo have larger landCTo continue to live DTo guard the earth参考答案与解析1A本文主要谈论的是世界一直处于不停的变化当中，这些变化对人类和世界都带来许多影响。从第一段中“All the living things on the earth are changing”可找到答案。2B本题考查的是细节。第三段中直接提到战争和能源缺乏，另外谈到自然灾害，包括了水灾。而污染在文中没有涉及。3D根据对文章的整体理解，以及最后一段中“Sometimes the new problems seem even worse than the old ones”可以找到答案。另外三个答案都比较片面。4C 第三段第一句“Human beings must solve many problems 80 that they can continue to live successfully”说明人们解决许多问题的目的是持续生存。