2019-2020年高中英语必修10Module1PrideandPrejudice-GrammarandUsage.doc

2019-2020年高中英语必修10Module1PrideandPrejudice-GrammarandUsageStep 1: General introduction 1. 代词归纳 代词按意义，特征及句法功能可分为：人称代词，物主代词，指示代词，相互代词，反身代词，不定代词，疑问代词，连接代词，关系代词。1. 人称代词(表1)数格和句法人数 单 数 复 数主格作主语宾格作宾语主格作主语宾格作宾语第一人称 Imeweus第二人称 youyouyouyou第三人称he 男性him 男性theythemshe 女性her 女性theythemitittheythem2. 物主代词(表2)数人称类属 单 数 复 数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词myyourhis/her/itsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshis/hers/itsoursyourstheirs3. 指示代词 this, that, these, those 表示近指,用this, these; 表示远指, 用that, those. 指代上文的事物时,用this或that; 引出下文的事物时, 常用this; 指代前面所述两个事物中的前者用that, 后者用this. 例如：Health is above wealth, for this cannot give so much happiness as that.为避免重复,前面提到过的名词,多用that, those代替，该名词是可数单数或不可数名词时用that; 是复数名词用those, 既可以代人,也可以代物,但those后一定要有修饰语。4. 相互代词和反身代词 相互代词有each other 和 one another 反身代词有: (和人称代词对应表) (表3)数人称种类 单 数 复 数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称人称代词Iyouhe/she/itweyouthey反身代词myselfyourselfhimself/herself/itselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves反身代词的常见搭配:by oneself for oneself be not oneself e to oneself talk to oneself make oneself at home seat oneself enjoy oneself dress oneself devote oneself to help oneself to kill oneself introduce oneself behave oneself5. 不定代词 容易混淆的不定代词辨析范围句式 both, all, neither, none, either, any (表4)二者三者或三者以上肯定both（都）/either（任意一）all(都)/any（任意一）否定neithernone疑问eitherany e.g. There are many trees on either side of the street. There are many trees on both sides of the street. The students are standing on all sides of the playground.nothing, nobody, none, no one (表5) 类属只能指人nobody, no one只能指物nothing既可指人，又可指物none场合回答What?问句nothing回答Who?问句nobody/no one回答How many/much或Is/Are there?问句none结构可跟of短语none, nothing不可跟of短语nobody, no onee.g. -What were you doing yesterday afternoon? - Nothing. - Who are you talking with? - Nobody/No one. - How many elephants can you see in the zoo? - None. - Are there any students in the classroom? - None. - Have you any money with you? I need some badly. - Sorry, but none at all.some及some类词与any及any类词 (表6)用法句式一般用法特殊用法肯定句some及some类词any及any类词(表示任何人或事)否定句any及any类词疑问句any及any类词some及some类词（表示向对方征求意见，提出请求或预料期望会得到答复和行动）条件句any及any类词e.g. I asked him for some paper, but he hadnt any. I have no money on me. Would you please lend me some? Im very thirsty. Can you give me something to drink? If you need some help, let me know. - What would you like to drink? - It doesnt matter. Anything will do.many, much, (a) few, (a) little (表7)内涵性质表示肯定意义表示否定意义修饰或代替可数名词a few, manyfew修饰或代替不可数名词a little, muchlittlee.g. He has worked at that factory for ten years, but he has few good friends there. He has worked at that factory for ten years, but he has only a few good friends there. - Are the new rules working? - Yes. Few books are stolen.other, another, more, else (表8)用法词意义搭配other其他的some/any/many/several/no/数词+other+复数名词no other+单数名词every other+单数名词another另外的，再another+数词+复数名词more另外的，再a few more+可数复数a little more+不可数some more+可数复数或不可数用于肯定句中稍多点any more+可数复数或不可数用于疑问，否定或条件句no more+可数复数或不可数something/anything/nothing +moremany more+可数复数much more+不可数多得多else其他的，别的Wh-+else?/ 复合不定代词+else/ -where +elsee.g. Would you please stay here for a few more minutes? I have some questions to ask you. - Would you like some more rice? - No, thank. I have had enough. There are much more water in this bottle than in that one. Just a moment, please! Ill finish in another five minutes. -What else would you like to have? - No, nothing else. - Do you have anything more to say? - No, nothing more. (the) other, (the) others, another (表9)表示没有范围的“其他”other+单数名词other+(数词)+复数名词others 单独使用表示一定范围之内的“其他”the other+数词the other+数词+复数名词the others 单独使用三者或三者以上不定数目中的“另一个”another+单数名词或oneanother单独使用两者中的“另一个”the other+ 单数名词the other 单独使用e.g. Of my three foreign friends, one is from London, the other two are from New York. Some people like to stay at home on Sunday, but others like to go to the cinema. I have two brothers. One is a teacher; the other is a doctor. I have six color pencils. One is red, another is blue and the others are all green. There are fifty students in our class. Some are from the USA and the others are from China. 部分否定与全部否定问题not和all, each, every, both, everything, everybody等连用时, 不论not放在其前还是其后, 均表示部分否定。“并非都”其相应得全部否定表示为 none, no, notany, noteither, neither, no one, nobody. “都不”。e.g. Both of the books are not interesting. =Not both of the books are interesting. = One of the two books is interesting, and the other is not.All of the books are not interesting. =Not all of the books are interesting, and some are not.None of us is from Beijing. =Not any of us is from Beijing.I dont like either of the pictures. =I like neither of the pictures. one, that, it 的指代one可用来泛指任何一个人, 也可用来指代可数名词单数。ones为其复数泛指形式, 特指形式为the ones=those.that替代词, 用来指代可数单数或不可数名词。it 单数特指。e.g. I hope there are enough cups for each student to have one. One should do his work well. - Would you like some apples? - Yes, bring me one. - Have you found your pen? - No, I havent found it, so I have to buy one. every及some的特殊用法 every 表示“每,每隔” 每隔一 every other +单数名词=every second+ 单数名词=every two+复数名词。 每隔二 every three+复数名词=every third+单数名词 每隔几 every few/several+复数名词e.g. Dont write your position every line; write on every other line to leave space for the teachers correction. some “ 某一” 后接单数名词，相当于a certaine.g. He told me he couldnt e to my birthday party for some reason. 不定代词的常见短语及句型something of 有些，有点，有几分 or something 或什么的another day 改日 the other day 前几天one after another=one by one 一个接一个地other than 除了外 in other words 换句话说no/none other than (不是别人) 正是/就是，不外乎是anything but 除了外的任何事物；根本不，决不nothing/none but 只有 in one way or other 以某种方法have none of 不予理睬，不会有（的麻烦）for one thing, for another, 一则再则have something/anything/nothing to do with 与有无关系on (the) one hand, on the other hand, 一方面，另一方面2. 一般将来时主要表达形式归纳 1) shall/will do 多表示单纯的将来或意愿式的将来或脱口而出的将来。 e.g. Ill e to see you if Im free. - Where is my dictionary? - Ill get it for you. 2) be going to do 表示打算要做某事、可能会发生某事, 或迹象表明将要发生的动作。 e.g. Im going to make a skirt for my daughter. It is going to rain. 3) be doing go, e, start, arrive, leave stay, move等动词, 可用进行时态表达将要发生的动作，相当于be going to do. 4) be to do 表示注定要发生的动作或按约定、计划、职责、义务要做的事。 e.g. There is to be an exam at the end of this term. 5) be about to do “即将、就要” 句中不用时间状语。 e.g. The meeting is about to start.3. 一般过去时与现在完成时用法比较 一般过去时是用以体现过去所发生的事情或状态。它可以表达：1) 过去的行为或状态Lily and Lucy were late yesterday.2) 过去经常性的行为或动作I walked to school on weekdays last term. 3) 主语过去所具备的特点、特征或能力 Li Hua spoke quite good English when he was in England. 现在完成时用以体现到现在为止已完成的动作。它可以表达： 1) 过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 I have posted the photos. 2) 过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 She has lived here since 2003. 单纯的过去时间状语如in 2004, yesterday, two weeks ago, when等,不可用于完成时, 但in the last, in the past, since ago, so far, by now最常用于现在完成时中。 So far he has read two English novels. 短暂性动词，如 arrive, e, die, leave, go, marry, get up, catch a cold等，不可与一段时间同时用于肯定结构的完成时中。 He has got up for half an hour. 可改为： He has been up for half an hour. / He got up half an hour ago. It is/has been half an hour since he got up. / Half an hour has passed since he got up.注意：for接一段时间作状语，谓语动词既可用现在完成时，也可用过去时。含义不一样。 I have stayed in this school for ten years. 我在这学校呆了十年。（说话时，还在学校） I stayed in this school for ten years. 我在这学校呆过十年了。（说话时，已离开学校）4. 形容词和副词小结 1) 形容词和副词的级别表达式 原级肯定式： as+ adj./ adv.+ as 原级否定式： as/so + adj. / adv. + as 比较级句式： 形容词/副词的比较级 + than 最高级句式： (the) +形容词/副词最高级+of/in/among 2) 以非最高级形式表达最高级意义的句型 as +原级 + as ever He was as brave a man as ever lived in the country. 否定词 + so/as + 原级 + as No one is so blind as those who wont see. 否定词 + so/such +原级 I have never seen so beautiful a sunrise. = I have never seen such a beautiful sunrise. 否定词 + 比较级 I havent read a more difficult book than this one. 比较级 + any other + 单数名词 He is far cleverer than any other student in his class. 比较级 + than anybody else/anything else/the others/any of the others She came earlier than anybody else this morning. 3) 比较级的修饰词 修饰比较级的程度副词主要有: much, even, still, a little, a bit, a great deal, rather, far, by far, any, no等The textbooks we are using are far more practical than those we used last term. 4) 作后置定语的形容词 以a-开头的形容词（alive, asleep, awake, alone等），present “ 出席的”, left “剩余的”, gone “ 丢失的”, 作定语时必须后置；enough 作副词, 要后置，作形容词时, 可前可后。 There are few leaves left at this time of year. Do you have enough time to read this book through? = Do you have time enough to read this book through? 5) 多个形容词的排列顺序 限定词（冠词、指示代词、物主代词、和名词所有格等），序数词，基数词，描绘性, 形容词，表长短高低大小的形容词，形状，新旧年龄，颜色，出处，材料，用途。 为方便记忆：限数描长形，旧色出材途 或 品大新型色国料。 the first three beautiful large white British cars 6) 复合形容词的构成 形容词 + 名词 high-speed, long-distance 形容词 + 名词-ed kind-hearted, white-haired 形容词/副词 + 现在分词 good-looking, easy-going, hard-working 副词 + 过去分词 newly-built, well-dressed 名词 + 形容词 life-long, world-wide 名词 + 现在分词 peace-loving, English-speaking 名词 + 过去分词 man-made, snow-covered 数词 + 名词-ed three-legged, one-sided 数词 + 名词 ten-speed, second-hand 数词 + 名词 +形容词 90-year-old, 1000-meter-long The hard-working worker is an 80-year-old man. 7) 与形容词和副词有关的几个重要句型 It be+ adj. +of sb. to do sth. / It be+ adj. + for sb. to do sth. It was kind/brave/clever of her to do so. It was necessary/possible/strange for her to do so. sothat/suchthat His progress was so great that the teacher praised him. He made such great progress that the teacher praised him. What a(n) + adj. + n. / How adj. + a(n) +n. What a lovely day!= How lovely a day! The morethe more The harder you work, the greater progress you will make. tooto She is too careless to have noticed it.=She is so careless as not to have noticed it.= She is not careful enough to have noticed it. 在too 前有not, never, only, but, just或后有anxious, eager, glad, pleased, ready等时, 其句型为肯定意义。 He knows but too well to hold his tongue. 他深知少说为妙。 Dont be too ready to promise. 不要轻易许诺。 cannot/can nevertoo=cannot/can neverenough You cannot be too careful.=You cannot be careful enough. the + 比较级+ of the two The older of the two brothers has just returned from abroad. not more than / no more than He is not taller than I. = He is shorter than I He is no taller than I. = He is as short as I.Step 2: Exercises for consolidation1. 高考链接1. He speaks English indeed, but of course not a native speaker. (2004上海) A. as fluent as B. more fluent than C. so fluently as D. much fluently than.2. -Go for a picnic this weekend, OK? - . I love getting close to nature. ( 2004福建) A. I couldnt agree more B. Im afraid not C. I believe not D. I dont think so3. to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. (2000全国) A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students C. Students brave enough D. Students enough brave4. students are required to take part in the boat race. (2004浙江) A. Ten strong young Chinese B. Ten Chinese strong young C. Chinese ten young strong D. Young strong ten Chinese5. The number of people present at the concert was than expected. There were many tickets left. (2004福建) A. much smaller B. much more C. much larger D. many more6. - I was driving along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down. - You can never be careful in the street. (2003北京春) A. much B. very C. so D. too7. - Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard. - Why ? John is sitting there doing nothing. (2003全国) A. him B. he C. I D. me8. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see . (2002上海) A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is9. Some of the stamps belong to me, while the rest are . ( 2004上海春) A. him and her B. his and hers C. his and her D. him and hers10. Few pleasures can equal of a cool drink on a hot day. ( NMET xx ) A. some B. any C. that D. those11. Equipped with modern facilities, todays libraries differ greatly from . ( 2003上海) A. those of the past B. that past C. which of the past D. these past.12. No one helped me. I did it all myself. ( 2005全国) A. for B. by C. from D. to13. Dr. Black es from either Oxford or Cambridge I cant remember . (NMETxx) A. where B. there C. which D. that14. The mother didnt know to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out. (2002全国) A. who B. when C. how D. what 15. We asked John and Jerry, but of them could offer a satisfactory explanation. (2005北京) A. either B. none C. both D. neither16. - Do you want tea or coffee? - . I really dont mind. (2000全国春) A. Both B. None C. Either D. Neither17. Mr. Alcott, headmaster of the school, refused to accept of the three suggestions made by the Students Union. ( 2000上海春) A. either B. neither C. any D. none18. If you want to change for a double room, youll have to pay $15. (2000全国） A. another B. other C. more D. each19. One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and . (2000全国) A. the other is white B. another white C. the other white D. another is white20. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, I will always treasure. (2002全国) A. that B. one C. it D. what21. In that case, there is nothing you can do than wait. (2000全国春) A. more B. other C. better D. any22. I will never know what was on his mind at the time, not will . (2004江苏) A. anyone B. anyone else C. no one D. no one else23. Playing tricks on others is we should never do. (2004广东) A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing24. Lets keep to the point or we any decisions. (2004全国) A. will never reach B. have never reached C. never reach D. never reached25. She had set a new record, that is , the sales of her latest book to million. (2004福建) A. have reached B. has reached C. are reaching D. had reached26. - Youve left the light on. - Oh, so I have and turn it off. (2000全国) A. Ill go B. Ive gone C. I go D. Im going27. I wonder why Jenny us recently. We should have heard from her by now. (2002全国) A. hasnt written B. doesnt write C. wont write D. hadnt written28. The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power increased enormously ever since. (2004上海) A. is B. was C. has been D. had been29. Sale of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people to enjoy the advantages of this new technology. (2004江苏) A. begin B. began C. have begun D. had begun30. The discussion alive when an interesting topic was brought in. (2004浙江) A. was ing B. had e C. has e D. came.31. -Did you enjoy yourself at the party? (2006四川) -Yes. Ive never been to_ one before. A. a more excited B. the most excited C. a more exciting D. the most exciting32. - Which driver was to blame? - Why, _ ! It was the childs fault, clear and simple. He suddenly came out between two parked cars. (2006北京) A. both B. eachC. either D. neither33. - _ leave at the end of this month. - I dont think you should do that until _ another job. (2006北京) A. Im going to; youd found B. Im going to; youve found C. Ill; youll findD. Ill; youd find34. Someone who lacks staying power and perseverance is unlikely to _ a good researcher. (2006山东) A. make B. turn C. get D. grow 35. The construction of the two new railway lines _by now. (2006全国)A. has pleted B. have pletedC. have been pleted D. has been pletedKeys: 1-5 CACAA 6-10 DDDBC 11-15 ABCAD 16-20CCACB 21-25 BBBAA 26-30AACBD 31-35CBBAD2. Translation1. 你认识到自己的过错是很明智的。2. 爬得越高，空气就越冷。3. 他跑得如此之快，我抓不住他。4. 闪闪发光的并非都是金子。5. 这是我第一次来给你们上课。Keys for reference:1. It is wise of you to realize your error.2. The higher we go up, the colder the air bees.3. He ran with such a speed that I couldnt catch him.4. All that glitters is not gold.5. It is the first time that I have given you a lesson. Step 3: Homework1. Finish the exercises of page 5 in the text book.2. Finish the exercises of page 7 in the text book.