2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习第二部分重点语法突破专题二无提示词填空第一讲冠词讲义新人教版.doc

2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习第二部分重点语法突破专题二无提示词填空第一讲冠词讲义新人教版1xx天津高考I want to see Mr White. We have_ appointment. Im sorry, but he is not available at_moment, for the meeting hasnt ended.答案：an; the第一个空是固定词组have an appointment表示“有约定”，第二个空是固定词组at the moment “此时此刻”。句意：我想见怀特先生。我们已经约好了。对不起，他现在没空， 因为会议还没有结束。2xx江苏高考Working with the medical team in Africa has brought out_best in her as_doctor.答案：the; abring out the best in sb. “表现出某人最好的一面”，best是最高级的形式，前面需要介词the，另外第二个空填a，表示“一个”，泛指的含义。句意： 和医疗队一起在非洲的工作表现出了她作为一名医生的最好的一面。 3xx江苏高考_ quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help shape your year ahead.答案：A此处用a，表示泛指，意思是“一次” 。句意：到了年底，快速回顾一下你的成功与失败，这会有助于你为未来的一年做好规划。4xx江苏高考What does the stuff on your Tshirt mean?Its nothing. Just something off_top of my head.答案：theoff the top of my head是一个固定词组，表示 “未经仔细思考地；随兴所发；即兴所想到的”。句意：你T恤衫上的东西是什么意思？没什么意思。只是我即兴想到的一些东西。5xx天津高考Alberts birthday is on next Saturday, and Im planning_surprise party for him.Sounds like_fun. Ill bring some wine.答案：a; 不填party为可数名词单数且首次提到，故应填不定冠词a，a surprise party指“一个令人惊喜的派对”；第二空所在句表示“听起来很有趣”。注意fun在此是不可数名词，故前面不填冠词。6xx浙江高考_ prize for the winner of the petition is _ twoweek holiday in Paris.答案：The; a第一空后的名词prize有定语“for the winner of the petition”修饰，表示特指，故用the；第二空后的holiday为可数名词，在本句中表示泛指，故与不定冠词a连用。句意：这次比赛获胜者的奖项是巴黎两周游。7xx陕西高考_ more learned a man is, _ more modest he usually bees.答案：The; the此处为“the比较级， the比较级”结构，故两空均填the。8xx重庆高考I just heard _ bank where Dora works was robbed by _ gunman wearing a mask.答案：the; a第一空，句中where引导的定语从句修饰bank，由此可知这里特指Dora工作的银行，故用定冠词；第二空，泛指一个持枪歹徒，因此用不定冠词。9xx四川高考Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be _ Beethoven.答案：a根据结构可知，此处填冠词，表泛指，故填不定冠词。10xx浙江高考Janes grandmother had wanted to write _ childrens book for many years, but one thing or another always got in _ way.答案：a; the第一空，book是可数名词，此处表泛指，用不定冠词a；第二空，in the way是固定词组“挡路；妨碍”。Part 语篇真题演练阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。xx全国卷Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix? In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It _61_ (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it _62_(actual) caught fire and burned. Now, years later, this river is one of_63_most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.But the river wasnt changed in a few days_64_even a few months. It took years of work_65_(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is _66_(clean) than ever.Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit _67_ is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or dont know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible situation, dont you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?While there are_68_ (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the_69_(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be_70_ (patience)61_62._63._64._65_66._67._68._69_70._Step 1：通读全文，掌握主旨大意。本文是一篇议论文。讲述的是一个城市清理工业污染的例子，说明这样一个道理：只要我们坚持不懈，我们可以完成那些看似不可能的事情。Step 2：逐题解答，确定答案。61was考查动词的时态。根据结构可知填谓语，由首句中的谓语was和下文中的时态用could可知，此处时态为一般过去时。62actually考查词性转换。根据空格位置可知，此处修饰caught，故用副词。63the考查冠词。根据空格后面的most outstanding为最高级可知，答案为定冠词。64or考查连词。本句为否定句，且前后两部分为并列结构，故可知答案。65to_reduce考查固定句式。由固定句式“It takes/took . to do .”可知，空格处应填动词不定式。66cleaner考查形容词的比较级。下文中的than ever为关键信息，应用形容词的比较级。67that/which考查定语从句的引导词。由空前的名词和空后的句子可知，设空处引导的句子修饰其前面的名词habit。即为定语从句，且从句中没有主语，先行词为habit指物，故可知答案。68amazing考查词性转换。设空处修饰名词，应用形容词作定语，修饰物。69changes考查名词的复数。定冠词the后应为名词，且根据谓语是are及require可知答案。70patient考查词性转换。be动词之后应该用形容词作表语。Step 3：代入答案。需保证语法结构正确且语义符合逻辑，这样才能确保万无一失。知识清单(1)不定冠词表泛指的用法以及a与an在用法上的区别；(2)定冠词表示类指和特指的用法以及一些特殊用法；(3)英语中不使用任何冠词的情况；(4)常见的几组冠词使用时易混的情况；(5)固定搭配中的零冠词、定冠词和不定冠词的使用情况。学情分析考生在冠词的学习过程中存在着以下几点问题：(1)不清楚a与an的用法；(2)忽视名词与冠词的联系，通常在名词前不加任何冠词；(3)不能准确掌握冠词中的一些特殊情况，混淆一般用法与特殊用法；(4)不能够准确地在语境中理解特指与泛指概念。考点1不定冠词a，an的用法1不定冠词a(n)表示“某一个”，相当于some/a certain，意为“一个”，或首次提到的泛指的人或事物A young man wants to see you.有个年轻人想见你。Ill go to a bookshop to buy a book.我要去书店买一本书。2不定冠词a(n)用于抽象名词前，表示具体的人或事物Many people agree that a knowledge of English is a must in international trade today.许多人都持相同的看法，在当前国际贸易交往中，对英语的掌握是必须的。It is a success for a country to host the Olympic Games.对于一个国家来说，主办奥运会是一件成功的事。3表示一类人或物，指同类中的任何一个A teacher must be strict with his students.教师必须对他的学生严格要求。4用于单数名词前表示身份、职业，尤其用在作表语或补足语的名词前The Whites wanted their daughter to be a musician.怀特夫妇想要他们的女儿成为音乐家。注意：表示某个职位在某一时期内只有一人担任，或表示某人的头衔，则不用冠词。Zhang Feng， monitor of our class， is good at English.我们班的班长张凤擅长英语。5用在表示数量、长度、时间等的计数单位的名词前，表示“每一”The car moved 100 miles an hour.这辆小汽车以每小时100英里的速度行驶。注意：(1)不定冠词在句中的位置。such a/an单数可数名词；quite a/an单数可数名词；rather a/an单数可数名词。如果修饰名词的形容词前有so, as, too, how等副词，不定冠词一般放在形容词和名词之间。He is as clever a boy as Tom.他是一个像汤姆一样聪明的男孩。It is too difficult a book for beginners.这本书对初学者来说太难了。(2)不定冠词a与an的区别发音以辅音音素开头的单词前使用a，以元音音素开头的单词前使用an。但要注意以下两种情况：有些单词开头的辅音字母并不发音，该单词首字母发音实际上是以元音音素开头的，要使用an，如：an hour, an honest man。有些单词以元音字母开头，但该单词首字母发音实际上是以辅音音素开头，要使用a，如：a university, a European country。典题1xx辽宁抚顺模拟 _ lady and her husband stepped off the train in Boston where they walked without _ appointment into the outer office of Harvards president.答案A; an第一个空泛指一个夫人和她的丈夫，故填a；第二个空appointment的读音是以元音音素开头的，故填an。考点2定冠词the的用法1用在表示特指的人或物的名词前，尤其指上文提到过的(第二次提到的)或谈话双方都明确的人或物，也可指上文未提到但谈话双方都知道的人或物The book on the desk is mine.书桌上的那本书是我的。Would you mind turning down the radio a little? The baby is sleeping.请把收音机音量调小点好吗？婴儿在睡觉。2用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、表示方位或表示发明物等的名词前As is known to us, the earth moves around the sun.众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。We are living in an age when many things can be done on the Internet.我们生活在一个很多事情都可以在因特网上完成的时代。注意：有些物体虽然也是独一无二的，但习惯上却不用冠词。如：space太空，nature自然，man人类等。3用在表示计量的名词前，如：by the hour, by the day, by the dozen, by the yard等，但是如果表示单位的名词为不可数名词，之前不用冠词，如：by weight/height等Its said that John will be in a job paying over $60,000 a year.Right, he will also get paid by the week.据说约翰会得到一份年薪超过60,000美元的工作。是的，而且会按周付薪。4用在表示某世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前It is not rare in the 1990s that people in their fifties went to university for further education.在二十世纪九十年代五十多岁的人上大学进修并不罕见。5形容词和副词最高级以及序数词前He was the first to speak against slavery.他是第一个直言反对奴隶制的人。He is the tallest one in our class.他是我们班个子最高的。注意：“a(n)序数词”表示“又一，再一”；另外，不定冠词a用于“most形容词”之前无比较含义，表示程度，意为“很，非常”。What disappointed the Chinese most is that the national football team was kicked out of the Asian Cup a second time， with four points from three matches.最让中国人失望的是国家足球队又一次被踢出了亚洲杯，三场比赛只得了四分。Which of the twin brothers is easier to get on with？The younger one.He is a most humorous man.双胞胎兄弟哪一个较容易相处？较小的那一个，他是一个非常幽默的人。6“动词sb.介词the身体某一部位”结构中，定冠词the不可用形容词性物主代词替代take sb.by the arm抓住某人的胳膊An apple fell from the tree and hit him on the head.一个苹果从树上落下，砸在他的头上。注意：在be red in the face (脸红)，be lame in the right leg (右腿瘸)，be blind in the left eye (左眼盲)等结构中，名词前也要用the。7定冠词与形容词连用，可以表示一类人或事物the rich富人；the wounded伤员；the true, the good and (the) beautiful真、善、美。典题2xx河北衡水中学联考In his letter, he asked his father to tie a white ribbon on _ tree near his house by the side of the railway lines.答案the根据语境可知，此处为特指在他家房子附近的树。故填定冠词the。典题3xx辽宁抚顺调研Green is said to be _ most restful color which has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally and physically.答案the根据句子空格后面的most可知，此处考查最高级的用法。最高级前面使用定冠词the，故填the。考点3零冠词的用法1表示泛指意义的复数名词、物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词、人名、地名等前，一般不加冠词Sarah looked at the finished painting with satisfaction.萨拉满意地看着那幅完工的油画。Horses are useful animals.马是有用的动物。2季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐、学科、球类、棋类等名称前一般不加冠词Spring is the best season of the year.春天是一年中最好的季节。注意：表示一日三餐、季节、日期等的名词前有形容词修饰时，通常使用不定冠词。I was invited to have a good breakfast and the restaurant we went to was excellent.我应邀吃了一顿丰盛的早餐，并且我们去的餐馆也很好。3在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词。但需注意take a bus, in a boat, on the train/bus例外It takes a long time to go there by train.乘火车去那花很长时间。I will go there by bus.我会乘公共汽车去那里。4在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，作表语的名词前不加冠词Child as/though she is, she knows too much French.尽管她是一个孩子，但她知道很多法语。5系动词turn后跟表职业的名词时，名词前不加冠词The young girl has turned writer.The young girl has bee a writer.这个年轻女孩已经成为一位作家。6 no与such连用时no应放在such之前，such后的名词前不用冠词Everything es with a price; there is no such thing as a free lunch in the world.一切都是有代价的，天下没有免费的午餐。典题4xx四川资阳诊断One Monday afternoon, we were playing the basketball on the playground when I suddenly slipped and fell over.(改错)_答案去掉basketball前的the在球类运动名称前不加任何冠词，故应去掉the。考点4几组易混的冠词词组典题5xx北京房山区期中We have tried it three times; must we try it _ fourth time?答案a根据语境可知，“我们已经尝试三次了”，下文表示“还要再试一次吗？”故此空表示“再一，又一”，故序数词前应填a而不是the。NO.1解题步骤1.根据空格位置判断是否考查冠词。2根据语境判断空格后的名词表示特指还是泛指。3结合冠词的用法及注意事项确定答案。NO.2解题技巧1在语法填空中，空格后的名词或者“形容词名词”前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词等限定词时很可能填冠词。2语法填空题中多考查冠词的基本用法，因此可以采用以下三种方法：(1)翻译法：可译作“一个(本/座/杯)”的，一般填a/an；可译作“这，这些，那些”的，一般填the。(2)理解法：泛指填a/an，特指填the。(3)观察法：若名词后有作定语的介词短语、不定式或从句，可能填the。典题1xx湖南长沙期末Now each person was asked to randomly collect _ balloon and give it to the person whose name was written on it.答案a根据randomly和语境可知，balloon为任何一个，泛指概念，且为首次出现，故应填不定冠词a。典题2xx安徽蚌埠二中月考Hokey had never seen one before so when he saw it for _ first time, he didnt understand what it was.答案the序数词前应用定冠词the，且for the first time为固定词组“第一次，首次”。典题3xx宁夏银川一中一模If your parents see that you have _ high sense of responsibility, theyll give you the right to do what you want to do.答案a空格后有“形容词名词”结构，且无形容词性物主代词等来限定，故应填冠词。have a high sense of “有很高的意识”。在语法填空中，对冠词的考查主要在具体的语境中，一般不会很难，在改错与写作中也会用到，因此在冠词的学习过程中要格外注意以下几点：(1)在具体语言环境中理解特指、泛指的概念；(2)判断空格后的名词是可数名词还是不可数名词；(3)判断空格后的名词是抽象名词还是具体名词；(4)可数名词单数前必须要有限定词，其中包括冠词、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格等形式；(5)不可数名词与可数名词复数泛指时不用冠词，特指时加the。注意：除以上注意事项外，还需在平时学习时积累含有冠词的固定短语的使用情况。建议用时：20分钟Part .单句语法填空1xx山西太原调研Hi, John. _ Mr Smith is waiting for you at the school gate who wants to have _ word with you about his sons performance in school.答案：A; a第一空表示某一个，相当于a certain；第二空have a word with sb.是固定搭配，意思是“和某人说句话，与某人交谈”。2xx北京东城区期末It is said that Mary earns eight dollars _ hour as _ babysitter.答案：an; a第一空指每小时，且hour的发音以元音音素开头，故用an；第二空表示泛指，且babysitter的发音以辅音音素开头，故用a。3xx石家庄模拟_ Blacks settled down in Canada in _ early 1990s.答案：The；the“the姓氏复数”表示一家人，the Blacks “布莱克一家人”；英语中表示“在年代”要加the, in the 1990s “在二十世纪九十年代”。4xx武汉中学调研Nowadays, how we can take good care of _ old is being _ hot and serious topic.答案：the; a/onethe old表示一类人，意思是“老人”；第二空表泛指，意为“一个严肃的话题”，可以用a/one。5xx山东济宁模拟Laennec did _ same and learned to tell by tapping carefully on _ chest whether it was diseased or not.答案：the; a第一空the same为惯用法；第二空a chest表示泛指概念。6xx福建厦门质检Although the experiment turned out to be _ failure, we decided to try _ second time.答案：a；a第一空为抽象名词具体化，故应填不定冠词，表示“一件失败的事”；第二空在序数词前加不定冠词，表示“再一，又一”。7xx江西新余期末Finally, I accepted the offer of _ 80yearold peasant woman who lived alone in a little house.答案：an根据语境可知，此处泛指一位80岁的农妇，且“80”的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。8xx重庆巴蜀中学期末It really matters how he treated _ latest failure, for the examination is around _ corner.答案：the; the第一空在最高级前，且表示特指，故用the；第二空为固定短语around the corner，意为“即将到来，即将发生”。9xx陕西渭南模拟What do you think of the grammar book?Oh, it really is _ useful reference book, which is worth reading _ second time.答案：a; a第一空表示“一本有用的参考书”，表示泛指意义，useful的首音节为辅音，故填a；第二空a second表示“再一，又一”。10xx山东济南一中模拟_ small but growing number of cities and corporations that do handle ewaste responsibly represents progress toward making the world _ cleaner, better place for us all.答案：The; a第一个空格后面有定语of cities and corporations，所以特指这些城市和公司的数量，故填the；第二个空指由于这些负责任的公司和城市努力解决电子垃圾问题，所以使得世界成为一个更加清洁，更加美好的地方，强调“一个”的意义，故填a。Part .单句改错1xx哈六中模拟Ill be free from December 18 and will have a plenty of time to be together with you._答案：去掉aplenty of为固定搭配，没有a，故去掉a，既可修饰可数名词复数也可修饰不可数名词。2xx河北保定模拟In the Spring Festival, my family and I went to Beijing and had different holiday._答案：different前加aholiday为可数名词单数，其前有形容词修饰，但缺少限定词。根据语境可知，此处holiday为泛指，故应在different前加a。3xx山东威海模拟Last Sunday, it was my fathers funny day. After supper, my father went to see the film._答案：thea根据语境可知，此处的电影是首次出现，故应用不定冠词表泛指概念。4xx桂林模拟When it was my turn, I felt so shy that I didnt dare to say anything before class._答案：class前加the根据语境可知，现在轮到“我”了，“我”感到如此害羞以至于“我”不敢在全班同学面前讲话。the class表示“全班同学”的意思。5xx福建福州质检Seven years ago, some reports covered a story that the worlds longest railway tunnel was under the construction in Switzerland. _答案：去掉第二个theunder construction “正在建造中”，为固定词组，没有the。故删除第二个the。Part .语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 xx山西临汾模拟New area to ease pressureOn April 1, xx, China announced that it would build the Xiongan New Area in Hebei Province. This will be _1_the same importance as the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone and the Pudong New Area, according to the State Council.The area, about 100 kilometers southwest of downtown Beijing, will cover three counties_2_sit at the center of the triangular area formed by Beijing, Tianjin, and Shijiazhuang.The Xiongan New Area has great potential for growth, _3_ (report) Peoples Daily. It has a broad space_4_(develop) and will expand to cover 2,000 square kilometers. The transportation of the area is convenient, with only an_5_(hour) drive to Beijing and Tianjin.The new area also has_6_sound natural environment. It is home to Baiyangdian, one of the_7_(large) freshwater wetlands in North China. With more than 140 lakes, the wetland is_8_(wide) known as the “pearl” of the North China Plain.Once_9_(build), the area will reduce the heavy burdens on Beijing. For example, many panies, universities and scientific research centers will move from Beijing to the area.International experts and media also think highly of this new area, saying that it_10_(set) an example to developing countries, noted Xinhua.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了雄安新区的位置、地位及未来的发展规划等情况。1of考查介词。句意：国务院表示，这将与深圳经济特区和浦东新区的重要性相同。be of名词be形容词，句中importance是名词，故填of。2which/that考查定语从句的引导词。句意：该地区位于北京市中心西南约100公里处，将覆盖位于北京、天津、石家庄三市之间形成的三角区域中心的三个县。“_2_ sit at the center of the triangular area formed by Beijing, Tianjin, and Shijiazhuang.”是定语从句，修饰先行词three counties，设空处在从句中作主语，应该用that或which。3reported考查谓语动词。此处作句子的谓语动词，表示人民日报报道，是发生在过去的动作，应用一般过去时，故填reported。4to develop考查非谓语动词。所给提示词作定语修饰a broad space，表示将来的动作，用不定式作定语。故填to develop。5hours考查名词所有格。此处表示“一个小时的车程”。修饰名词drive，应用名词所有格。故填hours。6a考查冠词。environment “环境”，不可数名词，当有形容词修饰时，需用不定冠词，sound读音以辅音音素开头，故填a。句意：新区有着良好的自然环境。7largest考查形容词的最高级。根据语境可知，此处表示最大的，用large的最高级。故填largest。8widely考查词性转换。修饰known应用副词形式widely。句意：拥有超过140个湖泊，湿地被称为华北平原的“珍珠”。9built考查非谓语动词。此处为Once引导的状语从句的省略，所给词build与逻辑主语之间是被动关系。故填built。10will set考查动词的时态。主句时态是一般现在时，由句意“将为发展中国家树立榜样”可知此处应该用一般将来时。故填will set。